近十年烧伤感染创面细菌培养及药物敏感试验

为分析烧伤感染创面细菌及药物敏感的变化情况,采集了1993-2004年贵阳中医学院-附院烧伤病人的创面分泌物作细菌培养及体外药物敏感试验,总结了十年来五个不同时期烧伤感染创面细菌培养及药物敏感试验的结果.结果表明,397例病人培养出433株细菌,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌79.2%（铜绿脓假单胞杆菌38%,埃希氏副大肠杆菌34%）,革兰氏阳性珠菌20.8%（金色黄色葡萄球菌20%）;细菌对所用的抗生素耐药性都很强,耐药性80%～100%的抗生素所占比例从1993-1994年的58.3%增至2003-2004的80%.结论：烧伤感染创面分泌物培养出的细菌革兰氏阴性杆菌多于革兰氏阳性球菌,且G杆菌的总检出率逐年升高,主要致病菌是铜绿脓假单胞杆菌,埃希氏副大肠杆菌,金色黄色葡萄球菌;无论是革兰氏阴性杆菌还是革兰氏阳性球菌对所用的抗生素耐药性都很强,且耐药率逐年升高.     

革兰氏阳性电活性菌的电子传递及其应用

电活性菌将电子从胞内转移至胞外电子受体或者将胞外电子转移至胞内的过程为胞外电子传递,其在微生物群落间的电子传递及元素的地球化学循环过程中发挥重要作用。电活性菌的胞外电子传递研究前期主要集中于革兰氏阴性菌,由于革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的膜结构/厚度明显不同,因此二者的电子跨膜传递途径差异明显。革兰氏阳性菌因分布广泛且可在高温、低pH、高pH和高盐等环境中生存,其电活性和电子传递机制也逐渐引起关注。本文归纳总结了革兰氏阳性电活性菌的电子传递类型,基于厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门的分类阐述胞外电子传递的研究进展,分析了革兰氏阳性电活性菌在污染物降解、生物能源和工业制品合成等方面的应用,并展望了未来的发展方向。     

聚乙二醇-金纳米棒介导的近红外光热抑菌作用

种子生长法合成纵向表面等离子体共振吸收峰为785 nm的金纳米棒,并对其表面进行聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,研究了表面修饰PEG的金纳米棒(polyethylene glycol modified gold nanorods,PEG-GNR)的光热转化效应,并测试了其细胞毒性。以革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阴性菌大肠埃希氏菌及铜绿假单胞菌为细菌模型,详细研究了PEG-GNR在808nm波长近红外激光照射下金纳米棒浓度和照射功率对抑菌效果的影响。结果表明,PEG-GNR对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌在近红外照射下均有较好的抑菌效果,并且抑菌效果与金纳米棒的浓度和照射功率有着密切的关系;结合荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜对细菌坏死状况的观察,初步证实细菌对PEG-GNR有效吸收是近红外光热杀菌的关键因素。     

聚乙二醇-金纳米棒介导的近红外光热抑菌作用

种子生长法合成纵向表面等离子体共振吸收峰为785 nm的金纳米棒,并对其表面进行聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,研究了表面修饰PEG的金纳米棒(polyethylene glycol modified gold nanorods,PEG-GNR)的光热转化效应,并测试了其细胞毒性.以革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阴性菌大肠埃希氏菌及铜绿假单胞菌为细菌模型,详细研究了PEG-GNR在808 nm波长近红外激光照射下金纳米棒浓度和照射功率对抑菌效果的影响.结果表明,PEG-GNR对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌在近红外照射下均有较好的抑菌效果,并且抑菌效果与金纳米棒的浓度和照射功率有着密切的关系;结合荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜对细菌坏死状况的观察,初步证实细菌对PEG-GNR有效吸收是近红外光热杀菌的关键因素.     

各种二茂铁基席夫碱的合成、表征和对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌筛选

合成了10种二茂铁基席夫碱1~10,并采用UV-Vis光谱、FT-IR、元素分析、¹H和¹³C NMR谱对其进行了表征。评价了所合成的化合物对11种细菌菌株(枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC19659、产气克雷伯氏菌肠杆菌ATCC13882、粪肠球菌ATCC13047、耻垢分枝杆菌MC2155、表皮葡萄球菌ATCC14990、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、大肠杆菌ATCC25922、阴沟肠杆菌ATCC13047、产酸克雷伯氏菌ATCC8724、奇异变形杆菌ATCC7002、普通变形杆菌ATCC6380)的抗菌活性。抗菌试验结果表明,与标准物萘啶酸和硫酸链霉素对比,合成的席夫碱1~10可抑制产气克雷伯氏菌和粪肠球菌的潜在生长,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为15.6~31.25和31.25~125μg·mL^-1。     

革兰氏阴性细菌O抗原寡糖的研究

寡糖、多糖和糖缀合物的生物活性，结构特征以及人工合成已成为近年来的研究热点之一。对革兰氏阴性细菌Ｏ－多糖（抗原决定簇Ａｎｉｇｅｎｉｃ Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｎｔ）和Ｏ－寡糖的研究在诊断学及预防学上都有重要意义，近年来的结构测定和合成研究有了很大发展。本文主要介绍沙门氏菌，志贺氏菌，大肠杆菌和沙雷氏菌Ｏ－抗原寡糖的研究状况。     

头孢孟多酯钠的LC-MS分析

头孢孟多酯钠(cefamandole nafate)是头孢孟多(cefamandole)的前体药物,头孢孟多对多数革兰氏阳性球菌有较强的抗菌作用,用于敏感菌所致的肺部感染、尿路感染、胆道感染等.     

La(Ⅲ),Sm(Ⅲ)与低分子量壳聚糖配合物的合成及性质

以低分子量壳聚糖(CTS')与稀土金属离子镧La(Ⅲ)、钐Sm(Ⅲ)在pH值4～5的条件下制备低分子量壳聚糖稀土金属离子配合物(La(Ⅲ)-CTS',Sm(Ⅲ)-CTS').通过紫外光谱(UV)、红外光谱(IR)、1H核磁共振、热失重分析对配合物进行表征,得出稀土金属离子和CTS'之间以氨基和羟基进行配位,配合物的热稳定性低于CTS'.最低抑菌浓度(MIC)试验表明,CTS'及其配合物对革兰氏阳性球菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为4和5 g·L-1.     

新型嘧啶并喹啉衍生物的合成及体外抑菌活性评价

采用简便有效的方法合成了一系列新型的嘧啶并[5,4-c]喹啉-4(3H)-酮衍生物,通过IR,1H NMR,HRMS对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征,并用微稀释液体培养法对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)、革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)以及真菌(白色念珠球菌)进行了体外抑菌活性评价.抑菌活性的筛选结果表明:所测化合物均表现一定的抗菌和抗真菌活性.     

全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱法鉴别莫拉氏菌和军团杆菌

本文用毛细管气相色谱法绘制了36株莫拉氏菌(Moraxella)及其类属菌和13株嗜肺军团杆菌(Legionella pneumophila)全细胞脂肪酸气相色谱图,用气相色谱-质谱法解析了某些色谱峰,借助电子计算机对脂肪酸色谱图进行聚类分析。结果表明,我国分离的莫拉氏菌新种(M.amylolytica和M.nanchang)和目前该菌主要标准菌株均不相同,脂肪酸成分以异十五烷酸为主。我国新分离的嗜肺军团菌N J8331和LDB 4a的脂肪酸色谱图和国际标准株基本一致,主要成分为异十六烷酸,而另一株LDB 4b和Legionella pneumophila 1-8型差别很大。以上结果和传统分类鉴定结果一致,由此看到化学分类法在微生物分类鉴定和生物学研究中的重要性。     

Surface Anti-bacterial Adhesion Characteristics of TiO_2-coated PMMA

The anti-bacterial adhesion properties of TiO2-coated polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） surfaces are investigated systematically. In detail, the adhesion of S. aureus （gram positive） and E. coli （gram negative） to TiO2-coated and uncoated PMMA surfaces are performed by the plate counting method. Afterwards, the adhesion free energy of bacteria on both supporting materials is quantified using the thermodynamic approach of Lifshitz van der Waals and acid/base interactions. The superior anti-adhesion capability of TiO2-coated PMMA is demonstrated when compared to native PMMA, both experimentally and theoretically.     

Zn or O? An Atomic Level Comparison on Antibacterial Activities of Zinc Oxides

For the first time, the influence of different types of atoms (Zn and O) on the antibacterial activities of nanosized ZnO was quantitatively evaluated with the aid of a 3D‐printing‐manufactured evaluation system. Two different outermost atomic layers were manufactured separately by using an ALD (atomic layer deposition) method. Interestingly, we found that each outermost atomic layer exhibited certain differences against gram‐positive or gram‐negative bacterial species. Zinc atoms as outermost layer (ZnO?Zn) showed a more pronounced antibacterial effect towards gram‐negative E. coli (Escherichia coli), whereas oxygen atoms (ZnO?O) showed a stronger antibacterial activity against gram‐positive S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus). A possible antibacterial mechanism has been comprehensively discussed from different perspectives, including Zn²⁺ concentrations, oxygen vacancies, photocatalytic activities and the DNA structural characteristics of different bacterial species.     

Preparation of active antibacterial LDPE surface through multistep physicochemical approach: I. Allylamine grafting, attachment of antibacterial agent and antibacterial activity assessment

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples were treated in air plasma discharge, coated by polyallyamine brush thought copolymeric grafting surface-from reaction and deposited four common antibacterial agents (benzalkonium chloride, bronopol, chlorhexidine and triclosan) to gain material with active antibacterial properties. Surface characteristics were evaluated by static contact angle measurement with surface energy evaluation ATR-FTIR, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and SEM analysis. Inhibition zone on agar was used as in vitro test of antibacterial properties on two representative gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. It was confirmed, that after grafting of polyallyamine, more antibacterial agent is immobilized on the surface. The highest increase of antibacterial activity was observed by the sample containing triclosan. Samples covered by bronopol did not show significant antibacterial activity.     

Pd‐Mediated Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyridines and Consequential C—C Coupling Using Suzuki Reaction in One Pot: Their In Vitro Evaluation as Potential Antibacterial Agents

Pd‐mediated construction of pyridine scaffold and subsequent Suzuki‐based C—C coupling reaction in one pot has been accomplished for the synthesis of 4‐biaryl substituted 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyridines via multicomponent reaction. The present multicomponent reaction is useful in structural elaboration of pyridine framework and also helpful in design and synthesis of novel and diverse analogs of complex heterocyclic compounds other than present reported molecules. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were systematically evaluated. The correlation between functional group variation and biological activities of the compounds has been evaluated against human pathogenic gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial strains.     

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Juniperus communis leaf extract: Catalytic activity in real-outdoor conditions and electrochemical properties

The present study investigates the green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using Juniperus communis leaf aqueous extract at room temperature. Synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized with different techniques such as UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDAX) and electrochemical method. Photocatalytic and anti-bacterial activities of synthesized AgNPs are evaluated based on the obtained result showed an efficient inhibition growth for gram negative P. Aeruginosa, E. Coli, and gram positive bacteria S.aureus. The AgNPs exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue both indoor and outdoor, under sunlight, an efficiency of 95% was achieved. As an easy and environmentally friendly process, AgNPs based on Juniperus communis leaf extract could be applied for the degradation of pollutants and wastewater treatment.     

Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico metabolic and toxicity prediction of some flavanone derivatives

Flavones chemically are anthoxanthins, occur either in the free state or as glycosides associated with tannins (flavanoids). Flavanoids (derivatives of flavone) possess various pharmacological activities and due to its xanthine-oxidase enzyme inhibitory effect it also has superoxide-scavenging activities. A series of 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromon-4-one derivatives (flavanone derivatives) were synthesized from chalcones by cyclization method and their activities were evaluated against some gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. IR, NMR and CHN analysis confirmed the structure of the synthesized compounds. The results of the antibacterial studies shows that compounds 2b, 2e, 2f and 2h possess activity against many bacterial strains. Among that the compound (2h) has remarkable activity against all strains viz. 25 microg/ml inhibitory concentration against S. aureus, S. sonnei, E. coli, S. typhimurium and V. cholerae. Compound 2f possess minimum inhibitory concentration of 200 microg/ml against E. coli and S. typhimurium and 25 microg/ml against S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae and V. cholerae. In silico metabolic and toxicity study of the synthesized compounds were performed and the predicted result showed that the compound having hydroxyl functional group undergo sulfate and O-glucuronide conjugation reaction and methoxy derivatives undergo demethylation reaction. The biologically active compounds are free of toxicity in oncogene, teratogen, sensitivity and immunotoxicity.     

动态多孔海绵结构多层膜负载溶菌酶用于抗菌涂层的研究

以聚丙烯酸(PAA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为构筑单元,运用层层自组装技术制备了聚电解质多层膜.该多层膜具有独特的动态特点——经酸处理后膜内部形成海绵状通孔结构,该海绵结构在饱和水蒸气的处理下,多孔结构能够闭合,重新回到致密的膜结构.借助该种动态多层膜平台,能够简单有效地通过毛细作用力将溶菌酶负载并固定于多层膜中,为制备基于抗菌蛋白的抗菌涂层提供了新的方法.扫描电镜表征了多层膜动态变化过程,激光共聚焦显微镜表征了溶菌酶在膜内的分布情况,并测定了溶菌酶载入量及其释放动力学.进一步的抗菌测试表明该种抗菌涂层在溶菌酶和PEI的共同作用下可以有效地抑制金黄色葡萄球菌.将多层膜同时负载溶菌酶和乳铁蛋白,提升了涂层对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver–PVA Nanocomposite for Sensor and Antibacterial Applications

Silver–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite is synthesized by a simple chemical reduction method in aqueous media and characterized by various techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of the obtained silver nanoparticles is spherical in shape with an average diameter of 24 nm. The prepared silver–PVA nanocomposite is demonstrated to detect the concentration of heavy metal contaminant cadmium in water based on linear change in surface plasmon resonance absorption strength. The antibacterial tests show the inhibiting action of this nanocomposite against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative), Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), which are found commonly in water. These observed optical and antibacterial properties, suggest the possible utilization of prepared silver–PVA nanocomposite in the water purification application.     

Dual‐Functional Dextran‐PEG Hydrogel as an Antimicrobial Biomedical Material

Microbial infections continually present a major worldwide public healthcare threat, particularly in instances of impaired wound healing and biomedical implant fouling. The development of new materials with the desired antimicrobial property to avoid and treat wound infection is urgently needed in wound care management. This study reports a novel dual‐functional biodegradable dextran‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel covalently conjugated with antibacterial Polymyxin B and Vancomycin (Vanco). The hydrogel is designed as a specialized wound dressing that eradicates existing bacteria and inhibits further bacteria growth, while, ameliorating the side effects of antibiotics and accelerating tissue repair and regeneration. The hydrogel exhibits potent antibacterial activities against both gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with no observable toxicity to mouse fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3. These results demonstrate the immense potential of dextran‐PEG hydrogel as a wound dressing healthcare material in efficiently controlling bacteria growth in complex biological systems.     

Bioactive compounds from Iostephane heterophylla (Asteraceae)

The novel bisabolene sesquiterpenes 3-6, were isolated from Iostephane heterophylla, using bioguided fractionation. The new compounds were determined to be (12R/12S)-12,13-epoxy-xanthorrhizols (3,4) and (12R/12S)-12,13-dihydro-12,13-dihydroxy-xanthorrizols (5,6) and their structures were characterized by analysis of spectroscopic data and by chemical correlation from xanthorrhizol (2). The stereochemistry at C-12 of 5 was deduced using the modified Mosher experiment. Some of the isolated compounds elicited activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, levadura and dermatophytes.