NaCMC与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基辛基溴化铵及AM接枝共聚物的性能

水溶性增粘剂;增粘性能;协同增效作用;疏水缔合作用;剪切作用;NaCMC与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基辛基溴化铵及AM接枝共聚物的性能     

烷基糖苷-十二烷基甜菜碱复配性能及无机盐的影响

本文考察了非离子型表面活性剂烷基糖苷（APG）和两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱（BS-12）之间的复配性能,测定了不同摩尔比的APG和BS-12复配体系的表面张力、泡沫和乳化性能,并且研究了无机盐对复配体系表面活性的影响情况。研究结果表明,APG和BS-12复配体系与单独任一表面活性剂体系相比具有较好的表面活性,两者具有明显的协同增效作用,且在摩尔比为3:7时,复配体系的表面活性最高、起泡性能最好、形成的泡沫和乳状液最稳定,协同增效作用最显著。此外,无机盐的加入提高了复配体系的表面活性,当NaCl浓度为0.0     

聚天冬氨酸与聚丙烯酸等复合药剂的协同性能研究

在碱性条件下,聚琥珀酰亚胺(Polysuccimide, PSI)发生开环反应,经洗涤干燥制得天冬氨酸聚合物(PASP),并用~1H NMR对其结构进行表征,采用静态阻垢、旋转挂片等方法考察其阻垢、缓蚀性能.通过正交试验讨论PASP与聚丙烯酸(PAA)、ZnSO_4、2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)的协同性能与作用机理,结果表明:当PASP、PAA、ZnSO_4、PBTCA浓度分别为40、30、4、8 mg/L时,其阻碳酸钙垢率可达95.04%,缓蚀率可达90%,表现出优秀的协同增效性能.该复合药剂绿色、低磷、高效,具有较好的应用前景.     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸四甲基哌啶醇酯共聚物(PDS)与紫外吸收剂并用对聚丙烯光防护行为研究

本文采用IR、UV、SEM等实验方法，研究了高分子受阻胺PDS与紫外吸收剂UV－531（2－羟基－4－正辛氧基二苯甲酮）和UV－327（2－（2′-羟基－3′，5′，－二叔丁基）－5氯代苯并三唑）并用对聚 烯薄膜的光防护作用，实验表明，PDS与UV－531并用有较好的协同效应，这种协同效应被证明主要是PDS对UV－531的光氧分解有抑制作用所致。PDS与UV－327并用有弱的反协同作用。这种作用被证实是PDS在聚丙烯中的分相作用导致UV－327分散不均所致，实验还发现，PDS对UV－327的光氧分解同样具有抑制作用。并提出了在二种体系中协同与反协同的作用机理。     

烷基糖苷-十二烷基甜菜碱复配性能及无机盐的影响

考察了非离子型表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)和两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱(BS-12)之间的复配性能,测定了不同摩尔比的APG和BS-12复配体系的表面张力、泡沫和乳化性能,并且研究了无机盐对复配体系表面活性的影响。结果表明,与单独任一表面活性剂体系相比,APG和BS-12复配体系具有较好的表面活性,呈现明显的协同增效作用;在摩尔比为3∶7时,复配体系的表面活性最高、起泡性能最好、形成的泡沫和乳状液最稳定,协同增效作用最显著。此外,无机盐的加入提高了复配体系的表面活性,当NaCl浓度为0.03mol/L时,表面张力和临界胶束浓度最小,表面活性最高;而对于无机盐,其离子价态越高,提高表面活性程度越明显;相比之下,阳离子提高复配体系表面活性的能力大于阴离子。     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸四甲基哌啶醇酯共聚物(PDS)与紫外吸收剂并用对聚丙烯光防护行为研究

本文采用IR、UV、SEM等实验方法,研究了高分子受阻胺PDS与紫外吸收剂UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)和UV-327(2-(2′-羟基-3′,5′,-二叔丁基)-5氯代苯并三唑)并用对聚丙烯薄膜的光防护作用。实验表明,PDS与UV-531并用有较好的协同效应。这种协同效应被证明主要是PDS对:UV-531的光氧分解有抑制作用所致。PDS与UV-327并用有弱的反协同作用。这种作用被证实是PDS在聚丙烯中的分相作用导致UV-327分散不均所致。实验还发现,PDS对UV-327的光氧分解同样具有抑制作用。并提出了在二种体系中协同与反协同的作用机理。     

聚天冬氨酸/4⁃(氨甲基)吡啶的制备及其阻垢缓蚀协同性能研究

以4-(氨甲基)吡啶(4-Aminopyridine)、马来酸酐、尿素等为原料,采用热缩聚的方法合成聚天冬氨酸/4-(氨甲基)吡啶接枝物(PASP/4-AMPY),并用核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)对其结构进行了表征;采用静态阻垢法和失重法分别测试合成产物的阻垢和缓蚀性能,利用正交试验的方法,讨论合成产物与PBTCA、ZnSO_4和PAA的协同浓度配比,结果表明,当PASP/4-AMPY、PAA、ZnSO_4、PBTCA四种单剂的浓度分别为20、20、4、4 mg/L时,其阻垢率可达87.99%,缓蚀率98.12%,表现出良好的协同增效作用.     

液体速凝剂的制备及性能

通过对多种市售有碱和无碱液体速凝剂产品的性能分析,分析总结了行业上速凝剂产品存在的不足之处。自制了一种无碱和一种有碱速凝剂产品,研究了不同辅料对速凝剂体系的协同增效作用,研究了环境温度、湿度、用水量、水泥种类等测试条件对速凝剂凝结时间的影响,总结了速凝剂在应用过程的注意事项及调整产品适应性的方法。     

糖基阳离子表面活性剂的研究进展

由糖基开发出的各种阳离子表面活性剂既有糖基非离子表面活性剂的温和性、低毒性、低刺激性、与阴离子表面活性剂良好的配伍性能和协同增效作用,还有阳离子表面活性剂的杀菌性、抗静电性和柔软性等性能,在洗涤剂、医药、化妆品、农业、材料、皮革、造纸和食品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了国内外糖基阳离子表面活性剂的合成路线、分子结构和应用领域,并对该领域的研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了讨论与展望。     

聚中性红/纳米二氧化硅复合修饰电极直接测定抗坏血酸

用滴涂法和电化学聚合法制备了聚中性红/纳米二氧化硅修饰电极(PNR/nano-SiO2/GCE),并用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了修饰电极表面的电化学行为。实验表明,该修饰电极对抗坏血酸(AA)表现出良好的电催化氧化性能,探讨了复合修饰电极协同增效作用的机理。用线性扫描伏安法研究了AA浓度与峰电流之间线性关系,在pH2.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,AA氧化峰电流在1.8×10-6～5.0×10-3mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.4×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。该修饰电极制备简单,可用于药品及果蔬食品中抗坏血酸的直接测定。     

Preparative isolation and characterization of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates from commercial antiwear additives

An automated HPLC separation methodology was developed for the preparative separation of ZnDTP components from commercial lubricant antiwear additives. Using silica columns that can be reactivated by elution with appropriate solvents, gram quantities of additives can be isolated. The isolated materials are useful for carrying out further mechanistic and synthetic studies. Preliminary estimations suggest that separation repeatability and fraction recoveries have acceptable levels. Qualitative characterization of isolated ZnDTP mixtures was achieved by IR, TLC‐FID, and RP‐HPLC. IR is useful for assessing the nature of ZnDTP alcoholic moieties. TLC‐FID provides a check on the preparative HPLC separation efficiency. RP‐HPLC on octadecylsil‐silica columns provides fingerprints for isolated commercial ZnDTP active concentrates. Fingerprinting on small bore HPLC columns proved advantageous compared with conventional columns.     

有机铜作为润滑油高温抗氧剂的研究

在高档的润滑油中除了加有主抗氧剂ZnDTP外，还需加入其它助抗氧剂以弥补其高温抗氧性的不足。本研究合成了几种有机铜盐高温抗氧剂，用DTA法评价了它们及一些常用抗氧剂对润滑油的热稳定性的影响，发现铜铜盐的高温抗氧性能比一些常用抗氧剂好，可满足高档油的需求。     

Crystal and molecular structure and magnetic exchange properties of bis(di-micro-ethoxo-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsemiquinonato)dicopper(II)) complex. A synergy between DFT and experimental magnetochemistry

The compound bis(di-micro-ethoxo-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsemiquinonato)dicopper(II)) has been synthesized and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c, with a = 37.736(8) A, b = 9.173(2) A, c = 23.270(5) A, beta = 122.24(3) degrees. The structure can be described as a Lewis adduct between two dinuclear [Cu(DBSQ)(C(2)H(5)O)](2) units (DBSQ = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-semiquinonato). The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility was efficiently analyzed by a combined DFT/experimental approach, showing that a rather strong ferromagnetic interaction exists between the DBSQ(-) and the copper(II) ions modulated by an antiferromagnetic interaction between the two copper(II) ions of the dinuclear units. Weak antiferromagnetism between the two units in the unit cell was measured.     

光谱法结合分子模拟技术研究磺胺甲恶唑与左氧氟沙星的协同作用

在模拟人体生理酸度(pH=7.4)条件下,运用荧光光谱、紫外光谱和分子模拟技术,研究了磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)和左氧氟沙星(LVFX)的协同作用.实验结果表明,SMZ、LVFX主要通过氢键和疏水作用与人血清白蛋白(HSA)发生相互作用形成复合物,导致HSA的内源荧光发生静态猝灭.SMZ、LVFX在HSA上有相同的结合位点,即Site I位.在HSA-SMZ(或HSA-LVFX)体系中分别加入LVFX(或SMZ),其结合常数均明显减小,表明LVFX(或SMZ)的存在削弱了HSA-SMZ(或HSA-LVFX)体系的结合能力,使得LVFX(或SMZ)更多被释放,血液中游离的LVFX(或SMZ)浓度增大,SMZ与LVFX共存能够协同增强药效.     

Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer in Dyads of Porphyrin Dimer and Perylene Tetracarboxylic Diimide

Two compounds containing a porphyrin dimer and a perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) linked by phenyl ( 1 ) or ethylene groups ( 2 ) are prepared. The photophysical properties of these two compounds are investigated by steady state electronic absorption and fluorescence spectra and lifetime measurements. The ground state absorption spectra reveal intense interactions between the porphyrin units within the porphyrin dimer, but no interactions between the porphyirn dimer and PDI. The fluorescence spectra suggest efficient energy transfer from PDI to porphyrin accompanied by less efficient electron transfer from porphyrin to PDI. The energy transfer is not affected by the dimeric structure of porphyrin or the linkage between the porphyrin dimer and PDI. However, the electron transfer from porphyrin to PDI is significantly affected by either the linkage between the donor and the acceptor or the polarity of the solvents. The dimeric structure of the porphyrin units in these compounds significantly promotes electron transfer in nonpolar, but not in polar solvents.     

Novel silver-containing supramolecular frameworks constructed by combination of coordination bonds and supramolecular interactions

The hydrothermal reactions of AgNO(3), 4,4'-bipy, and carboxylate ligands gave rise to three supramolecular architectures, namely [Ag(bipy)].H(2)SIPA.1/2bipy.H(2)O (1), [Ag(bipy)].1/2H(2)btec.H(2)O (2), and [Ag(bipy)](2).H(2)dpstc.2H(2)O (3) (H(3)SIPA = 5-sulfoisophthalic acid, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine, H(4)btec = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid, H(4)dpstc = 3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxydiphenyl sulfone). All complexes are extended from Ag-bipy linear chains by the combination of coordination bonds and supramolecular interactions in two different approaches. Complexes 1 and 3 comprise two-dimensional frameworks. In the two complexes, a one-dimensional ladderlike structure is first formed by the connection of a Ag-bipy chain through hydrogen bonding between a free carboxylate/bipy ligand and weak coordinative interactions between a free carboxylate ligand and silver ion. The ladderlike structure is then extended to a two-dimensional layer architecture by pi...pi interactions between bipy ligands of the Ag-bipy chains. Complex 2 possesses a three-dimensional framework. The free H(2)btec(2)(-) ligands form a two-dimensional layer network by hydrogen-bonding interactions between protonated and deprotonated carboxylate groups; meanwhile, pi.pi interactions between bipy ligands of Ag-bipy chains also result in a two-dimensional layer. The two layers are further connected by weak Ag-O interactions to generate a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.     

Partitioning behavior of erythrocytes in aqueous two-phase systems containing hydroxypropyl starch and polyethylene glycol

The partitioning behavior of erythrocytes in Reppal PES 200 (a hydroxypropyl starch produced by Reppe Glykos AB, V?xj?, Sweden)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) and in dextran (Dx)-PEG aqueous phase systems made isotonic with phosphate is similar in a number of ways: (i) There is a correlation between the relative electrophoretic mobilities and partition ratios, P, of red blood cells from different species; (ii) The cell P is reduced when, at constant polymer concentrations, phosphate is systematically replaced by sodium chloride (with the total concentration isotonic); (iii) The cell P is increased with reduced polymer concentrations (decreased interfacial tensions); (iv) Treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase results in a reduced P value; (v) Rat red cells of different ages can be fractionated by counter-current distribution; and (vi) Differences between red blood cells from genetically distinct rats or between humans can be detected. Aquaphase (a hydroxypropyl starch marketed by Perstorp AB, Lund, Sweden) has been tested as in ii-iv above with analogous results. The partitioning behavior of erythrocytes in PES-PEG and Dx-PEG aqueous phase systems containing sodium chloride differs in a number of ways: (vii) The correlation, apparent in Dx-PEG systems, between the P value of red blood cells from different species and the ratio of their membrane poly- to monounsaturated fatty acids is absent in PES-PEG systems. It is replaced by a correlation as in i; (viii) The increase in P value in Dx-PEG observed from red blood cells after treatment with neuraminidase is replaced by a decrease in P value in PES-PEG or Aquaphase-PEG systems. We conclude that PES (and Aquaphase) can be substitutes for dextran in cell partitioning studies when charge-sensitive phases are used (e.g., those containing phosphate) while separations based on properties reflected by Dx-PEG systems containing sodium chloride are not duplicated by PES-PEG (and probably not by Aquaphase-PEG). The hydroxypropyl starch-PEG systems containing sodium chloride, unlike the analogous Dx-PEG systems, have a significant electrostatic potential difference between the phases.     

The Investigation of Interaction Competition Between ATP and DIPP-Ala,Boc-Ala,or Ala by ESI-MS/MS and Theoretical Calculation

The interactions between ATP and N-(O,O-diisopropyl) phosphoryl-L-alanine (DIPP-Ala), N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine (Boc-Ala), or L-alanine (Ala) were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The non-covalent complexes between ATP and Boc-Ala or DIPP-Ala were observed, while the complex between ATP and Ala was not found in the mass spectra. The affinity of DIPP-Ala for ATP was confirmed to be stronger than that of Boc-Ala by competition experiment. Through molecular modeling calculations, it was found that the non-covalent complexes were stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the affinity sequence for ATP was DIPP-Ala > Boc-Ala > Ala by comparing their binding energy, ?35.407 kcal/mol, ?15.634 kcal/mol, ?6.555 kcal/mol, respectively. The results implied that a phosphoryl group was a very important functional group to provide an interaction site between amino acids and ATP, and that N-phosphoryl amino acids can be used as a good model of protein in the studies of molecular recognition of ATP.     

Enantiodiscrimination between an N-acetyl-L-cysteine SAM and proline: an in situ spectroscopic and computational study.

A combination of attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) and modulation excitation spectroscopy (MES) is used to study the enantiodiscriminating interactions between proline and a chiral, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on gold. The N-acetyl-L-cysteine SAM consists of a mixture of protonated and deprotonated molecules. Whereas both species are influenced by adsorbed proline, only the deprotonated molecules are involved in enantiodiscrimination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that electrostatics dominates the interaction between the two molecules. By modulating the absolute configuration of proline over the chiral SAM, and a subsequent phase-sensitive detection of the periodically varying signals in the ATR-IR spectra, the small spectral differences between the diastereomeric complexes are spotted. The resulting difference spectrum is in qualitative agreement with the spectrum predicted by the DFT calculations.     

Spectrofluorimetric flow injection method for the individual and successive determination of L-cysteine and L-cystine in pharmaceutical and urine samples.

A flow injection configuration is proposed for the determination of L-cysteine and L-cystine individually and for mixtures of both analytes. The procedure is based on the rapid oxidation of L-cysteine by thallium(III) with concomitant formation of fluorescent thallium(I). The inclusion of a selecting valve and of a copper-coated cadmium column in the configuration allows the successive determination of two analytes. Linear calibration graphs were obtained between 5 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-5) mol dm-3 of L-cysteine and between 2 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-5) mol dm-3 of L-cystine. The applicability of the method to the determination of L-cysteine and L-cystine in pharmaceutical preparations was demonstrated by investigating the effect of potential interferents and by the analysis of commercial preparations. The method was successfully applied to the determination of L-cysteine and L-cystine in urine samples.