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1.
以水培豌豆(PisumsativumL)幼苗为材料,研究了La3+对Cd2+胁迫下豌豆幼苗生长、叶部与根部细胞对Cd2+的吸收、根部细胞内无机离子平衡体系及膜H+-ATPase,H+-PPase活性的影响。结果表明:Cd2+胁迫下喷施适宜浓度的La3+(0.50mg·L-1)可使豌豆幼苗相对生物量、苗长、叶绿素含量以及光合速率受到的毒害明显缓解,有效减少叶部与根部细胞对Cd2+的吸收,显著减轻了Cd2+胁迫导致的离子平衡系统的紊乱,明显缓解Cd2+对质膜及液泡膜H+-ATPase,H+-PPase活性的抑制作用。10mg·L-1Cd2+胁迫下La3+的保护效应比30mg·L-1Cd2+胁迫下更为显著。样品中La3+的测定和分析结果还表明,外源La3+处理后,La3+主要结合于细胞膜外,进入原生质体的仅占很小部分,但30mg·L-1Cd2+处理样品中La3+进入细胞的量则明显多于10mg·L-1Cd2+处理的样品。  相似文献   

2.
木麻黄质膜离子泵在酸雨条件下对镧的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究镧对酸雨(pH为4.5)胁迫下木麻黄幼苗早期生长和质膜离子泵ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:较低浓度La3+浸种能使幼苗株高、根长、鲜重以及质膜质子泵活性明显增强,在200mg·L-1La3+处理时达到最高增强值,而高浓度的La3+浸种使之表现出抑制效应;幼苗质膜钙泵的活性受La3+抑制。质子泵活性与细胞的伸长生长呈显著正相关关系,镧对质子泵的活化作用有助于促进植物的生长,且适量的镧具有缓解酸雨胁迫下生长的植物细胞质酸化,维持细胞内环境稳定的间接作用。为抗酸雨和促生长,木麻黄经镧浸种8h的最适宜La3+浓度为50~200mg·L-1。  相似文献   

3.
分根法研究镧对水稻生长及其生理参数的影响   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
用分根营养液培养法研究了镧对水稻生长及其促进作用的生理机制。结果表明:低浓度镧(0 05~1 5mg·L-1)提高水稻产量,增加实粒数;随着镧浓度从0 05增加到0 75mg·L-1,镧降低第一片完全展开叶和根中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;当镧浓度为0 75~9mg·L-1时,镧显著降低叶和根中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性;0 75mg·L-1镧增加叶中赤霉素(GA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量,0 75和3mg·L-1镧增加根中细胞分裂素(iPAs)和IAA含量,但降低脱落酸(ABA)含量;秧苗移栽后46d,0 25~6mg·L-1镧显著增加叶片气孔导度;秧苗移栽后59和83d,当镧浓度分别为15和6mg·L-1时,镧显著降低叶片气孔导度;镧对叶片叶绿素(Chl)含量、叶和根中蛋白质,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量没有发现显著作用。还讨论了镧促进水稻生长和消除超氧阴离子(·O2-)的可能机制。  相似文献   

4.
外源钕减轻了重金属镉对菹草的毒害作用   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
研究了不同浓度钕对菹草镉胁迫的缓解效应.结果表明,单一镉(10 mg·L-1)处理降低了菹草叶片抗氧化酶系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量下降.用不同浓度钕处理后,明显减轻了这些症状,抗氧化酶活性均有所提高,与毒害对照相比,SOD、CAT及POD活性分别提高了14.0%~30.0%,8.8%~47.3%,4.6%~15.1%,并减轻了叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解,减缓了MDA的积累.随着钕浓度的进一步加大,缓解效应逐渐减弱,钕作用的最适浓度为10~15mg·L-1.  相似文献   

5.
镧、铈及重金属元素铬、锌对竹叶眼子菜的毒害作用   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:25  
研究了镧、铈及重金属元素铬、锌对高等沉水植物竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus Miq.)的毒害作用. 结果表明, La3 , Ce3 , Zn2 在低浓度范围内, 均能诱导叶绿素、蛋白质合成, 但浓度过高时却对叶绿素、蛋白质起破坏作用;而Cr6 处理却使上述两指标随其浓度的升高逐渐降低. 4种离子对竹叶眼子菜的保护酶系统存在不同的影响, 低浓度条件下, 诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高, 当污染加重时, 这两种酶的活性却随处理浓度的升高逐渐下降; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化与CAT、 POD相反, 它在低处理浓度情况下酶活下降, 随处理浓度的加大酶活诱导上升, 其活性变化趋势与·O-2 产生速率正好相反. 随4种离子处理浓度增高, MDA含量呈升高趋势, 并与4种离子的处理浓度之间皆呈极显著正相关. 4种离子的毒性强度依次为Cr6 >Ce3 >Zn2 >La3 . Cr6 对竹叶眼子菜的致死浓度为0.5~1 mg·L-1, Ce3 , Zn2 为3~5 mg·L-1 , La3 为7~10 mg·L-1. 镧、铈同重金属元素铬、锌对竹叶眼子菜的毒害机制相似.  相似文献   

6.
以鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻为实验材料,在Pb(NO3)2(70 mg·L-1)胁迫下,采用生理学方法研究了不同浓度La(NO3)3对螺旋藻生长速率、叶绿素a含量、硝酸还原酶及谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:各处理组在培养初期生长速率差异不大(P0.05),6 d后添加La(NO3)3的各处理组螺旋藻的生长速率显著高于对照(P0.05);当La(NO3)3处理浓度为8μg·L-1时可显著促进螺旋藻叶绿素a的合成,有效缓解Pb(NO3)2对硝酸还原酶及谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的影响(P0.05),高浓度La(NO3)3则会与Pb(NO3)2协同、抑制螺旋藻的生长。  相似文献   

7.
LaCl3对轮藻光合色素含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
研究了LaCl3对轮藻光合色素含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响,La3+浓度分别为0,0.2,1.0和5.0 μmol·L-1.结果表明0.2和5.0 μmol·L-1La3+处理降低了轮藻叶绿素b的含量,5.0 μmol·L-1 La3+处理降低了叶绿素a+b的含量;类胡萝卜素含量在1.0 μmol·L-1 La3+处理组显著高于对照.随着La处理浓度的提高超氧化物歧化酶的活性逐渐升高,处理组谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照,且在1.0 μmol·L-1La处理组达到最大值,0.2和5.0 μmol·L-1 La3+处理将抑制过氧化氢酶活性,其变化规律与叶绿素b相似.实验浓度的La3+处理可能引起了轮藻植株的氧化损伤,作为应激反应,GSH-Px酶活性及类胡萝卜素含量的升高在一定程度上缓解了氧化损伤.  相似文献   

8.
土壤稀土元素污染已成为中国稀土矿区农业可持续发展的制约因素。为探讨信号分子H_2O_2对La胁迫下作物生理响应的调控机制,以裸燕麦品种‘白燕7号’幼苗为试材,采用砂培方法,研究了喷施5 mmol·L~(-1) H_2O_2预处理对1.20 mmol·L~(-1) La~(3+)胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗La含量、生长参数、叶片光合色素含量、气体交换参数和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:La胁迫下,裸燕麦幼苗根系和地上部La含量,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i),超氧阴离子(O_2~(·-)), H_2O_2,丙二醛(MDA),类黄酮,总酚和原花青素含量,质膜相对透性(RPP),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化物酶(POD),抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著提高,而根长、株高及根系和地上部干重、叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量明显降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化不大。La胁迫下H_2O_2预处理对裸燕麦幼苗根系La含量没有影响,但地上部La含量显著下降;根长、株高及根系和地上部干重、叶片光合色素、 ASA、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、类黄酮、总酚和原花青素含量、 CAT活性、P_n,G_s,T_r提高,C_i, O_2~(·-), H_2O_2, MDA含量、 RPP, SOD, POD和APX活性下降, GSH含量没有改变。表明La胁迫下外源H_2O_2能够抑制La从根系向地上部的转运,并通过调控活性氧清除系统降低膜脂过氧化程度,提高光合速率,缓解植株生长受抑程度,从而增强裸燕麦对La胁迫的适应能力。  相似文献   

9.
一氧化氮对水稻叶片中由镧引起的氧化胁迫的缓解作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了一氧化氮(NO)对水稻中由稀土元素镧诱导的抗氧化活性的影响. 结果表明, 在100 μmol·L-1 氯化镧处理的水稻幼苗中加入10 μmol·L-1 NO供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside, SNP), 可以显著抑制镧从水稻根部向叶片的转运. 镧处理显著降低超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性和还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione, GSH)含量, 促进叶片过氧化氢(H2O2)含量上升. 而NO则可明显阻断镧引起的这些效应, 缓解镧引起的氧化胁迫, 即NO缓解了高浓度镧对水稻的毒性.  相似文献   

10.
镧对黄瓜幼苗叶片细胞透性及膜脂的影响   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
研究了不同浓度的La3 对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗叶片相对含水量、膜透性、膜脂脂肪酸组分和氧化产物量的影响. 结果表明, La3 对黄瓜幼苗叶片的相对含水量无明显影响; La3 浓度为2 mmol·L-1时, 膜的相对透性明显上升, 而0.002~0.2 mmol·L-1 La3 处理的叶片细胞质膜通透性的变化不明显; 利用高压气相色谱法测定了叶片膜脂脂肪酸组分的变化, 表明用不同浓度La3 处理后, 组成及总的含量无显著改变, 但脂肪酸配比发生了变化; La3 处理的黄瓜幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化程度与它的浓度相关. 当La3 的浓度为0.002~0.02 mmol·L-1时, 丙二醛(MDA)的含量发生了减少, 而2 mmol·L-1 La3 使得叶片产生的MDA的含量增加了. 低浓度La3 减轻了膜脂过氧化程度, 而高浓度La3 恰恰相反, 加重了膜脂过氧化的程度.  相似文献   

11.
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.  相似文献   

12.
KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.  相似文献   

13.
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.  相似文献   

14.
Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.  相似文献   

15.
A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.  相似文献   

16.
The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp3)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp2)?H insertion.  相似文献   

17.
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.  相似文献   

18.
19.
An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.  相似文献   

20.
Quercetin, the polyphenolic compound, which has the highest daily intake, is well known for its protective effects against aging diseases and has received a lot of attention for this reason. Both quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide and quercetin 3′-O-β-d-glucuronide are human metabolites, which, together with their regioisomers, are required for biological as well as physical chemistry studies. We present here a novel synthetic route based on the sequential and selective protections of the hydroxyl functions of quercetin allowing selective glycosylation, followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation to the glucuronide. This methodology enabled us to synthesize the five O-β-d-glucosides and four O-β-d-glucuronides of quercetin, including the major human metabolite, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucuronide.  相似文献   

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