甲基丙烯酸甲酯和联苯酯的基团转移共聚研究

研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）和甲基丙烯酸联苯酯（ＢＰＭＡ）的基团转移共聚．用１Ｈ ＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、ＧＰＣ和ＤＳＣ等手段对共聚物进行了表征．测得两种单体在苯、四氢呋喃和乙腈中的竞聚率（３０℃）分别为γ１＝０５６±００３、０５２±００３、０４６±００３和γ２＝０７９±００３、０８１±００３、０８５±００３．得到了实测分子量和理论分子量相近，分散性较小的共聚物     

超高分子量聚乙烯冻胶纺丝-拉伸纤维结构的研究

以煤油为溶剂,汽油为萃取剂,采用冻胶纺丝 拉伸技术纺制了超高分子量聚乙烯（ＵＨＭＷ ＰＥ）纤维．利用广角Ｘ 射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）试验、偏光显微镜（ＰＯＭ）观察等方法研究了拉伸过程中纤维结构的变化．结果表明,在拉伸过程中,纤维大分子折叠链向伸直链转变的同时,斜方结晶的堆砌密度增大,微晶尺寸分布变窄并趋于均匀,拉伸４０倍纤维的晶胞参数为ａ＝０７３２ｎｍ,ｂ＝０４９１ｎｍ,ｃ＝０２５４ｎｍ．在拉伸４０倍左右的纤维中还能观察到因大分子结晶晶面滑移而产生的折皱带结构．在作者研究条件下,观察不到折皱带结构对纤维整体的取向态和结晶态结构的影响．     

高硅沸石骨架结构及其稳定性的模拟计算(Ⅱ)

应用晶格能极小化技术计算了二十一种高硅沸石的骨架晶格能，计算结果与二氧化硅致密相比较，发现这些高硅沸石彼此间的晶格能相差很小（＜３７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ），与α石英相差３０～６７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．分析这些高硅沸石的ＸＲＤ数据发现，在它们的结构中包含很短的ＳｉＯ键长（０１４３１ｎｍ），很长的ＳｉＯ键长（０１８６２ｎｍ），ＳｉＯＯ键角分布范围大（７７５１～１３１８８°），ＯＳｉＳｉ键角平均在１５３°左右并且具有更大的分布范围（１２０～１８０°）．量子化学ＰＭ３计算结果表明，ＯＳｉＳｉ键角由１１４°变化至１８０°而引起的能量改变很小（仅１７４３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ），当ＯＳｉＳｉ键角为１３５４°时能量最低．     

螺旋藻中钙、锌、铁的测定

用日立Ｚ－８２３０原子吸收分光光度计测定了螺旋藻粉、螺旋藻提取液及螺旋藻功能饮料中Ｃａ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ的含量,结果为螺旋藻粉Ｃａ（８８１５５±５６５）×１０－６、Ｚｎ（４２８４±２２７）×１０－６、Ｆｅ（４２５７３±１６２４）×１０－６;螺旋藻提取液Ｃａ２２１０±１５３、Ｚｎ３９０±０５６、Ｆｅ９７０±０８８ｍｇ／Ｌ;螺旋藻功能饮料Ｃａ９７５±１０３、Ｚｎ１１５±０２５、Ｆｅ２０５±０３２ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

含间位取代苯基聚醚酮酮的结晶与晶体结构研究

通过差示扫描法（ＤＳＣ）及广角Ｘ 射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）技术研究了含间位取代苯基聚醚酮酮（ＰＥＫｍＫ）的结晶行为与晶体结构．Ｘ 射线结果表明，从熔融态及玻璃态结晶时，ＰＥＫｍＫ只有一种晶型，其晶胞参数为：ａ＝０７６７２ｎｍ，ｂ＝０６１４９ｎｍ，ｃ＝１５９９ｎｍ．ＤＳＣ结果表明，ＰＥＫｍＫ热分析曲线都出现了熔融双峰，低熔融峰（ＤＯＷｎ）热焓占总热焓４～７％，它源于初始结晶形成的同一晶型不同厚度片晶．低熔融峰在２５０℃以上结晶转化成高熔融峰（Ｉ），ＰＥＫｍＫ平衡熔点为２９５℃     

稀土离子与伴清蛋白结合的光谱研究

在ｐＨ＝７．４和２５℃下，用紫外吸收差光谱进行了Ｅｕ＾３＋对脱伯伴清蛋白的滴定，Ｅｕ＾３＋与脱铁伴清蛋白结合后其差光谱在２４５ｎｍ和２９６ｎｍ处出现吸收峰，在２４５ｎｍ处Ｅｕ＾３＋脱铁伴清旧白配合物的摩尔吸光系数是（２．１±０．１）×１０＾４ｃｍ＾－１．Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１，Ｅｕ＾３＋可占据脱铁伴清蛋白的２个金属离子结合部位，条件平衡常数ｌｏＫＮ＝８．２１±０．２０，ｌｇＫｃ＝４．６０±０．１１，脱铁     

CH（B~2Σ~－）和卤代甲烷、CS_2、O_2及Ar碰撞过程动力学研究

用四倍频ＹＡＧ激光（２６６ｎｍ）光解ＣＨＢｒ_３产生ＣＨ（Ｂ~２Σ~－）自由基，通过测量自发辐射ＣＨ（Ｂ→Ｘ）的时间分辨信号测得室温下ＣＨ（Ｂ）被卤代甲烷、ＣＳ_２、Ｏ_２及Ａｒ的猝灭速率常数（×１０~（－１０）ｃｍ~３·ｍｏｌｅｃ~（－１）·ｓ~（－１））分别为４．４±０．７（ＣＨ_２Ｃｌ_２）、５．２±０．４（ＣＨＣｌ_３）、５．０±０．７（ＣＣｌ_４）、８．２±０．３（ＣＨＢｒ_３）、７．９±０．７（ＣＳ_２）、０．１９±０．０２（Ｏ_２）及（１．１±０．１）×１０~（－２）（Ａｒ）．结果表明，除Ｏ_２外，其它猝灭剂对ＣＨ（Ｂ）的猝灭速率常数均大于对ＣＨ（Ａ）的。对卤代甲烷分子，猝灭速率常数显示了因Ｃｌ原子数增加而增加的趋势。     

二水合L－精氨酸顺丁烯二酸加合物的制备和晶体结构

制备了具有非线性特性的标题化合物，以降温法培养出２５ｍｍ×４０ｍｍ×１３ｍｍ大尺寸单晶，该单晶在１０６４ｎｍ的Ｎｄ~（３＋）：ＹＡＧ激光束照射下，产生绿色的５３２ｎｍ倍频光，以Ｘ射线衍射法测定了此１：１：２加合物的晶体结构，晶体属Ｐ_１空间群，ａ＝０．５２６９（１）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．８０４０（１）ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．９７８３（２）ｎｍ，α＝１０６．１４（１）°，β＝９７．２７（１）°，γ＝１０１．６４（１）°，Ｚ＝１，Ｒ＝０．０６２．Ｌ－精氨酸与顺丁烯二酸之间以氢键相联，形成三维氢键网络。     

(Ce_(0.67)Tb_(0.33))MgAl_(11)O_(19)和BaMgAl_(10)O_(17)∶Eu~(2 )荧光体的微波辐射合成及其发光性能

用微波辐射法合成了（Ｃｅ０．６７Ｔｂ０．３３）ＭｇＡｌ１１Ｏ１９（ＰＧ）和ＢａＭｇＡｌ１０Ｏ１７（ＰＢ）两种荧光体，经Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析，其ｄ值和Ｉ／Ｉ０值与ＪＣＰＤＦ３６７３和２６１６３基本一致。计算得到ＰＧ的晶胞参数ａ＝０５５８２ｎｍ，ｃ＝２１８８４ｎｍ；Ｐ－Ｂ的晶胞参数α＝０５６１６ｎｍ，ｃ＝２２６１４ｎｍ。测定了两种荧光体的激发光谱和发射光谱。Ｐ－Ｇ的色坐标ｘ＝０３１６，ｙ＝０５６５；Ｐ－Ｂ的色坐标ｘ＝０１５６，ｙ＝０１０６。与市售同类荧光粉相比，Ｐ－Ｇ的相对发光强度为８８％，Ｐ－Ｂ的相对发光强度为８０％。     

N-(2-对甲苯磺酰胺基乙基)氮杂12-冠-4合碘化氯仿的合成及晶体结构

Ｎ－（２－对甲苯磺酰胺基乙基）氮杂１２－冠－４（Ａ）与碘在氯仿溶液中反应，得到了电荷转移配合物Ａ·［ＩＨＣＣｌ３］晶体．Ｉ…Ｈ—Ｃ氢键的键长为０．３８９ｎｍ．晶体属单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２１／ｎ，ａ＝０．７３６４（７）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．６７３２（０）ｎｍ，ｃ＝２．１４１３（６）ｎｍ，β＝９９．０９（１）°，Ｚ＝４，Ｖ＝２．６０５５（５）ｎｍ３，Ｒ１＝０．０４７９，Ｒ２＝０．０４２４     

原子力显微镜研究聚丙烯酸的单链力学性质——聚丙烯酸的单分子力谱

自从1986年发明原子力显微镜(AFM)以来,AFM已经发展成为应用最为广泛的扫描探针显微镜[1],它给材料科学家、化学家和生物学家提供了一个极为便利的研究手段.目前,原子力显微镜的空间分辨率已经达到原子尺度,同时又具有非常高的力的敏感性,可以探测10 pN的力,这就为研究单分子的性质提供了可能性[2,3].     

POLY(ASPARTIC ACID) HYDROGEL

ABSTRACT

Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have attracted much interest recently [1]. In this paper, we report a pH- and electrolyte-responsive hydrogel based on a crosslinked poly(aspartic acid). The lightly crosslinked, high molecular weight sodium polyas-partate impart extremely high water absorbency and can be used as a superabsorbent [2], It is derived from a naturally occurring non-toxic amino acid, L-aspartic acid. A hydrogel based on poly(as-partic acid) possesses most of the features of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels plus improved biodegradability. We expect it to be useful in a variety of applications including personal care and biomedical areas.     

CONFORMATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) AND POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID)

A full-relaxation optimization of molecule and the Dreiding force field are employed toobtain the geometry parameters and the conformational energy surfaces of meso or racemicdyad of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA). Three differentcarbonyl-bond orientations of side-groups resulted in the differences in depth of potentialwells in their energetic contours for a meso or a racemic dyad. These discrepancies areinterpreted as a result of various fine structures corresponding to grid search conformationsas well as thereby different interactions. The analysis on the most stable conformationsof PMAA confirmed that the ester groups are nearly perpendicular to the plane definedby the two adjacent skeletal bonds but may possibly change their relative orientations tomeet the requirement of lower energy during the conformational state transition. For eachpolyme, two global energy maps of a meso and a racemic dyad were finally constructedfrom the superposition of energy data for the three kinds of side-group orientations by theBoltzmann factors. From an ensemble average, the proposed scheme with three rotationalisomeric states (RIS) allowed us to access the experimentally unperturbed dimensions ofPAA chain via the configurational statistical mechanics. Although the calculation wasbased on the short-range, local interactions, it was interested to note that the experimentalcharacteristic ratios just fell within the range calculated for atactic chains.     

电纺聚乙烯醇超细纤维膜的性能研究

由电纺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)超细纤维膜,以扫描电镜观察纤维的微观形貌,用X射线衍射研究超细纤维膜的结晶行为,并测定了PVA超细纤维膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,PVA超细纤维的平均直径为(184±26)nm,超细纤维中PVA的结晶度和晶体有序程度较浇铸膜低.超细纤维膜的拉伸强度、模量和断裂伸长率均较浇铸膜差,吸水率在300%以上,高于浇铸膜.     

COMPLEXATION BEHAVIOR OF POLY(ACRYLIC ACID) AND POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) IN WATER AND WATER-METHANOL

To investigate the effects of solvent type and temperature on the interpolymer complexation via hydrogen bonding, a study was made on the complex system of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in two kinds of solvent systems, pure water and water-MeOH (30 wt%) mixed solvent, at various temperatures using the Ubbelohde viscometer, pH-meter, and UV spectrophotometer. The repeating unit mole ratio at the most optimum complexation as confirmed by the reduced viscosity measurement was shifted from [PEO]/[PAA] ≈ 1.25:1 to 1.5:1 by the addition of methanol to water. From the UV measurement, the deviation from the “isosbestic point” (where the absorbance of the solution remains constant) has presented another evidence for the solvent effect on complexation. In addition, the analysis of the changes in thermodynamic properties upon complexation as well as the fraction of carboxyls associated with PEO oxygens and the complex stability constant as estimated by potentiometric titration at several temperatures reveals that the complex formation in mixed solvent became more unfavorable compared to that in pure solvent at high temperatures above 30°C. This could be explained by considering that in water the hydrophobic interaction as well as the hydrogen bonding may greatly contribute to the stabilization of the polymer complex formed, while in water-methanol the main stabilizing force would be the hydrogen bonding alone.     

聚(丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸)/聚(丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)聚电解质复合溶液动态光散射研究

通过动态光散射、粘度和透光率测定，研究了聚（丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸）［Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）］／聚（丙烯酰胺 二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）［Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）］聚电解质复合溶液的结构和性能．结果表明，Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）复合比、溶液浓度和氯化钠用量影响溶液中复合物的构象和流体力学半径．Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间适度的库仑相互作用，可形成均相Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）／Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）聚电解质复合溶液，复合物具有较伸展的构象和较大的流体力学半径，因而溶液粘度较高．Ｐ（ＡＭ ＡＡ）与Ｐ（ＡＭ ＤＭＤＡＡＣ）分子链间过强的库仑相互作用或小分子电解质的屏蔽作用，可使复合物构象卷曲，结构紧缩，流体力学半径减小，甚至产生相分离，导致溶液粘度降低．     

Preparation of poly(fumaric acid) from poly(di-t-butyl fumarate) and poly(di-trimethylsilyl fumarate)

Polymerization conditions of di-t-butyl fumarate and di-trimethylsilyl fumarate were studied in detail. They cannot be polymerized by either anionic or coordination initiators, but radical and radiation polymerizations are successful. Characterization of poly(di-t-butyl fumarate), obtained thereby, with ¹H-NMR spectrum suggests that the backbone of the chain is stiff. From analysis of thermal properties of poly(di-t-butyl fumarate), it is found to be completely converted to poly(fumaric acid) by pyrolysis around 200°C. Poly(di-trimethylsilyl fumarate), on the other hand, can be quantitatively hydrolyzed with acid to the same polyacid, too. The preliminary measurement of the dissociation behaviors of poly(fumaric acid) was done by potentiometric titration, which shows that the titration curves of poly(fumaric acid) are different from those of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(maleic acid).     

PAA对PLA流变性能和热性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了一系列的PLA/PAA共混物,考察了PLA/PAA共混体系的流变行为和热性能(结晶行为和热降解行为).FTIR测试结果证实PLA与PAA分子链之间形成了氢键网络.动态剪切流变测试和DSC测试均表明共混体系的流变行为和冷结晶行为会随着PAA含量的改变而改变,这可能是由于PLA与PAA的氢键作用受到PAA含量的影响.另外,DSC测试证实共混体系中的氢键网络还会受到试样热历史的影响.当PAA含量较低(低于5 wt%)时,PLA/PAA共混体系中PAA与PLA熔体两相的相分离不严重,使得PAA与PLA分子链能够较大限度地接触而形成较强的氢键作用,因而可以明显减缓增塑作用对黏度降低的影响.     

THE FORMATION AND STABILITY OF MICROSCOPIC EMULSION FILMS OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF POLY (ACRYLIC ACID) AND ACRYLIC ACTD-VINYLACETATE COPOLYMERS

ABSTRACT

The effect of polymer volume concentration C, pH and ionic strength (NaCl concentration, CNal) of solution, polymer molecular mass, acetate groups' content in a polymer chain, and ethanol concentration on the stability of microscopic emulsion films (MEF) stabilized with the adsorption layers of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and acrylic acid-vinylacetate copolymers (PAA-VA) has been studied.

The kinetics of MEF thinning under the conditions when two heptane drops in a polymer solution are brought into contact and pressed with a permanent force has been studied.

The free energy ? F of interaction in the film has been evaluated on the basis of measuring the film thickness Hf by photometry and determining the film profile in the Plateau region.     

聚丙烯酸/聚氧化乙烯高分子复合溶液的结构与粘度

通过溶液折光指数和粘度测定,研究了聚丙烯酸（ＰＡＡ）与聚氧化乙烯（ＰＥＯ）高分子链间在复合溶液中的相互作用和ＰＡＡ／ＰＥＯ高分子氢键复合溶液的结构与粘度,研究了复合溶液粘度随溶液ｐＨ值的变化规律及不同浓度时剪切速率对复合溶液粘度和复合增粘效果的影响。结果表明：ＰＡＡ／ＰＥＯ复合溶液结构不同于ＰＡＡ和ＰＥＯ两组分聚合物溶液结构,ＰＡＡ与ＰＥＯ高分子链间的氢键相互作用形成构象更为伸展、流体力学体积列大