动物源性食品中3类抗生素类药物残留检测

建立了利用固相萃取方法和高效液相色谱法检测猪肌肉中土霉素、甲砜霉素、磺胺甲氧哒嗪的残留的方法。固相萃取技术能快速有效的提取动物源性食品中的抗生素残留。建立的高效液相色谱法在5～1000μg/L范围内线性良好(R 0.999),土霉素、甲砜霉素、磺胺甲氧哒嗪的平均回收率分别为78.6%～86.2%,77.8%～100.5%,84.2%～91.3%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)均小于7%。本方法可用于动物源性食品中抗生素类药物残留的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定动物源性食品中5种磺胺及3种四环素族抗生素残留

建立了动物源性食品中5种常用磺胺(磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺2甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺-6甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉)及3种四环素族(土霉素、金霉素、四环素)抗生素残留的高效液相色谱同时测定方法.样品经提取,固相萃取净化,浓缩后进行HPLC分离,结合保留时间及二极管阵列检测器(PDA)光谱分析信息定性.添加水平为20、50、100μg/kg时5种磺胺及3种四环素族的平均回收率范围为70%~92%,变异系数小于15%.结果表明,该法简单、快速、灵敏,适用于动物源性食品中多磺胺组份及四环素族组份残留的同时测定.     

饲料中八种磺胺药物的高效液相色谱测定

结合液、液分配和固相萃取,建立了同时分析食用动物饲料中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺甲基异唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹啉8种磺胺类药物的高效液相色谱方法。比较和优化了不同的提取方法和净化参数,方法对饲料中磺胺的检出限为0.20×10-6(w),八种磺胺添加水平为1×10-6(w)时,回收率在68%以上,相对标准偏差小于12%。     

免疫亲和柱净化/高效液相色谱法同时测定动物源性食品中16种磺胺类药物残留

建立了免疫亲和柱净化/高效液相色谱法(IAC/HPLC)同时测定动物源性食品中16种磺胺类药物残留的分析方法。样品经80%乙醇提取,稀释后用磺胺类药物免疫亲和柱净化,高效液相色谱法检测。以Agi-lent Eclipse XDB-C18为分离色谱柱,甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.5)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为50μL,检测波长为270 nm,整个分析过程不超过42 min。实验结果表明,磺胺类药物在10～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。在20、50、100μg/kg的加标水平下,16种磺胺类药物的平均回收率为62%～104%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～6.6%,检出限(S/N=3)为4～10μg/kg。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、溶剂用量少且环保,适用于动物源性食品中磺胺类药物残留的测定。     

流动注射化学发光分析法测定三类磺胺类药物

研究发现可溶性锰(Ⅳ)氧化磺胺类药物(磺胺甲基异口恶唑、磺胺嘧啶和磺胺脒)可以产生弱的化学发光,甲醛对这一化学发光反应有较强的增敏作用,据此建立了一种测定磺胺类药物的流动注射化学发光分析法。该方法对3种磺胺类药物磺胺甲基异口恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺脒的检出限分别为2×10-8、3×10-8、2×10-8g/mL;线性范围分别为6.0×10-8~1.0×10-5、1.0×10-7~8.0×10-6、4.0×10-8~8.0×10-6g/mL。对6.0×10-6g/mL磺胺甲基异口恶唑、4.0×10-6g/mL磺胺嘧啶和4.0×10-6g/mL磺胺脒的相对标准偏差分别为1.1%、1.2%和2.2%(n=11)。此法已用于复方新诺明片剂中磺胺甲基异口恶唑的测定,结果与药典方法测定值一致。并对化学发光反应的机理进行了探讨。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定鸡肉中残留的磺胺类和氟喹诺酮类兽药

建立了一种同时测定鸡肉中两类共10种兽药(3种磺胺和7种氟喹诺酮类药物)残留量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱方法(HPLC -ESI-MS2)。样品经2%醋酸-乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,过ENVI-18固相萃取柱净化,经氮气吹干后,残余物用流动相定容到1 mL。以乙腈和 0.05%甲酸溶液作为流动相,采用梯度洗脱程序进行液相色谱分离,用质谱检测器进行定性和定量分析,并对10种药物的二级质谱碎裂方 式进行分析。10种药物在0.02～2.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.9988。检出限(LOD)为1.10～6.85 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ) 为3.68～22.85 μg/kg,样品的平均加标回收率为68.9%～102.6%,相对标准偏差均小于8.6%(n=3)。实验结果表明,该方法灵敏度高,重 现性好,确证能力强,分析时间短,可满足动物源性食品中磺胺和氟喹诺酮类药物的残留分析。     

液相微萃取-反萃取在磺胺药物残留测定中的应用

利用液相微萃取-反萃取技术,建立测定动物组织中磺胺药物残留量的新方法.将动物组织中磺胺药物经液相微萃取-反萃取后进行高效液相色谱紫外检测.磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺喹口恶啉4种磺胺类药物的线性范围均在0.05～10.0 μg/mL,磺胺甲口恶唑的线性范围在0.5～10.0 μg/mL之间,方法的平均回收率不低于80.2%,RSD＜6.8%,检出限为0.1 mg/kg.     

几种动物源性食品中氯霉素残留量的气相色谱双电子俘获检测

研究了几种动物源性食品中氯霉素残留量的气相色谱测定方法;样品中氯霉素残留用乙酸乙酯提取,浓缩至干,溶于氯化钠溶液,用正己烷脱脂,水层再用乙酸乙酯提取,浓缩后用N,O-双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)+1%三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)衍生,用外标法定量;采用不同极性的色谱柱定性。当添加水平为0.3×10-9～10×10-9(w)时,回收率大于80%,相对标准偏差小于20%,线性相关系数r＝0.999。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡内金中9种磺胺类药物残留

采用超高效液相色谱－串联三重四极杆质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）技术,建立了动物源性中药鸡内金中磺胺甲??唑等9种磺胺类药物残留的检测方法。样品经QuEChERS法提取,离心后上清液经PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用ACQUITY BEH C18柱（2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以含0.1%甲酸－2 mmol/L乙酸铵的水溶液和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下,以动态多反应监测模式（d－MRM）进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明9种磺胺类药物在0～50 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）均不小于0.996 0,方法检出限（LOD,S/N = 3）和定量下限（LOQ,S/N = 10）分别为0.065 4～0.715 7 μg/kg和0.212 2～2.478 μg/kg;在3个加标水平下的回收率为63.2%～88.7%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.90%～7.1%。该方法简单、快速、准确,应用该方法筛查10批鸡内金样品,有1批检出磺胺甲??唑残留。     

动物源性食品中阿维菌素类药物残留的QuEChERS-液质联用法测定

建立了动物源性食品中阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素、莫西菌素、埃普菌素、乙酰胺基阿维菌素6种阿维菌素类药物残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法.样品采用乙腈提取,C18粉分散固相萃取净化,经ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(1.8 μm,2.1 mm×50 mm)色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱在多反应离子监测方式下同时测定.6种分析物在0.002 ～0.1 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.991,方法的检出限(S/N≥3)为0.001 ～0.002 mg/kg;定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.002 ～0.005 mg/kg.猪肉基质中莫西菌素在0.005、0.01、0.02 mg/kg,其他化合物在0.002、0.005、0.01 mg/kg加标水平下,6种阿维菌素类药物的回收率为75% ～88%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为11.7% ～15.0%.该方法稳定、可靠,可满足动物源性食品中阿维菌素类药物残留检测与确证的需要.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.