ZnS光催化剂对不同偶氮类染料光降解的光催化性能的比较

在表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)存在时，合成了ZnS光催化剂。 采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜等测试技术结果表明，制得的ZnS粒子尺寸均一，无团聚现象，平均粒径约为3.5 nm。 研究了ZnS光催化剂在紫外光下对不同染料的光催化降解效率，结果表明，ZnS光催化剂对一些含-N=N-基团的偶氮类染料，如甲基橙(MO)、酸性嫩黄(AY)、酸性橙Ⅱ(AOⅡ)光催化降解效率高达88％以上，甲基红(MR)的光催化降解效率也达59.63%。 表明-N=N-基团容易降解。 染料分子本身的吸光性也起一定的作用，虽然二甲酚橙(XO)和亚甲基蓝(MB)分子中均不含-N=N-基团，但由于XO的最大吸收峰分布于430 nm的紫外光区，其光催化降解效率可达43.83％，而MB最大吸收峰分布于664 nm可见光区，因此，其光催化降解效率则非常低。     

Mixed Micellization Behavior of 12-2-12 Gemini Surfactant with Some Alkyltrimetyl Ammonium Bromide Surfactants

Mixed micellization behavior of dimeric cationic surfactant ethanediyl-1,2-bis (dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (12-2-12) with a series of monomeric cationic surfactants dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB), and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) has been studied in aqueous and aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions at 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15 K, respectively, using conductometric method. Various thermodynamic parameters like mixed micelle concentration (C_m), micelle mole fraction (X₁), interaction parameter (β), and free energy of mixing (ΔG_ex) of the mixed systems have been determined and analyzed using Rubingh's regular solution theory. The results indicate that in aqueous solutions the binary mixtures of 12-2-12 with DTAB/TTAB behave nonideally with mutual synergism whereas that with CTAB shows almost ideal behavior at 298.15 K. At 318.15 K, all these binary mixtures exhibit antagonistic behavior. The effect of variation in chain length of alkyltrimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants on the interactions with 12-2-12 have also been evaluated and discussed.     

Heterogeneous initiators for the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites

Nanocomposites are obtained by the radical polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate on the surface of a dispersed filler containing chemisorbed compounds of quaternary ammonium, which catalyze decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide. The heterogeneous catalysts of hydroperoxide decomposition are obtained via the adsorption of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and acetylcholine chloride on sodium montmorillonite, cellulose, and chitosan. The highest rate of the polymerization of both monomers is provided by the cellulose–cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide catalyst. For a more hydrophilic methyl methacrylate, the rate of radical initiation is significantly lower at the same concentrations of the catalyst and hydroperoxide compared with hydrophobic styrene; however, the rate of polymerization is higher than for styrene because of a higher activity of methyl methacrylate in chain-propagation reactions. Relatively high rates of radical generation upon contact of cellulose–cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and cellulose–acetylcholine with hydroperoxides open the possibility to create cellulose-based disinfecting and medical materials.     

Employment of a useful liquid membrane electrode system to characterise the micelles of bile salts and other detergents in pure and mixed states

Ion-pairs or coacervates (formed by the reaction between cationic and anionic surfactants) dissolved in nitrobenzene can behave as surfactant-ion registering devices to respond to both surfactant cation and anion. The complexes of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide with sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium salts of deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, and Aerosol Orange T have been used in nitrobenzene to generate such useful liquid membranes. The complex of dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide and sodium cholate has been used to study the cholate ion behaviour since its complex with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide is water soluble. The electrochemical behaviours of the liquid membranes have been found to be fairly good and reproducible. The membrane potential measurements have been used to determine the critical micelle concentrations of the surfactants in pure as well as in mixed states to evaluate surfactant—surfactant interaction in the micelles of the latter.     

有机改性凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能研究

合成了十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)改性的凹凸棒土吸附剂,并研究了其对水中腐殖酸的吸附行为。通过FTIR、TG对改性前后凹凸棒土进行表征。结果表明,十六烷基三甲基氯化铵成功结合到凹凸棒土表面,结合到凹凸棒土表面的量为9.78%。在25℃时,腐殖酸在吸附剂上吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,初始浓度为54.60~200.20mg/L时,ATP-CTAC对腐殖酸的最大吸附量为253mg/g;温度对吸附行为影响不大;改性后的凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附随pH的增大而降低;改性后的凹凸棒土显著地提高了对腐殖酸的吸附量。     

Synthesis and Fluorescence Properties of Eu^2＋-Doped KMgF3 Nanoparticles

Introduction Nanomaterialsusuallyshowsomenoveloptical,electronic,magneticandchemicalpropertiessignifi cantlydifferentfromthoseofthebulkmaterialsbecause oftheirextremelysmallsize,largespecificsurfaceare asandpeculiarquantumsize.Thepotentialoftheirap plicat…     

Humic-makeup approach for simultaneous functionalization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers during electrospinning process,and dye adsorption study

A useful methodology is represented to functionalize polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by using humic acid as a makeup agent in electrospinning process. Both morphology and surface chemistry of polyacrylonitrile nanofiber mats were understood to be influenced by incorporation of humic acid into the structure. Physicochemical changes were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and surface charge measurements. Unlike some anionic dyes (i.e., methyl orange, methyl red, and Congo red), there was an enhancement in crystal violet (a cationic dye) adsorption after incorporation of humic acid. The Langmuir model fitted well to crystal violet data, and monolayer adsorption capacity was calculated as 81.6 mg/g (r² = 0.998).     

Micellar catalysis in the oxidation of acetophenones by Ce(IV)

Rate of oxidation of acetophenones by Ce(IV) in aqueous acetic acid 80:20 (v/v) either slows down or remains constant over a range of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration exceeding the cmc value. The rate is then found to increase sharply as the surfactant concentration increases with no sign of reaching a maximum or constant value. From Fluorescence quenching, binding constant for p-nitro acetophenone has been evaluated. The rate data have been rationalized on the basis of a reaction between the acetophenones situated on the micelle surface and active Ce(IV) species in the bulk aqueous phase.     

A Novel Method for Uric Acid Determination Using CdS Quantum Dots as Fluorescence Probes

A novel method has been developed for uric acid analysis based on the quenching of fluorescence emission from CdS quantum dots by uric acid. Also, the effect of the presence of different surfactant agents, in order to improve the fluorescent signals of the CdS QDs, has been investigated, and the cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was selected. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear over the range of 0.1 ng/mL to 12.0 ng/mL (r = 0.9950). The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 0.1 ng/mL. The RSD for ten determinations of 5.0 ng/mL uric acid was 3.5%. The method was applied to determine uric acid in human serum and urine sample with satisfactory results.     

Synthesis and characterization of CePO_4 nanowires via microemulsion method at room temperature

Uniform CePO_4 nanowires with diameter of about 25 nm were synthesized by the water-in-oil microemulsion method at room temperature from cerous chloride,sodium orthophosphate,sodium chloride,cyclohexane,Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB).The crystal structure and morphology of the nanowires were characterized by XRD and TEM, respectively.The UV-vis absorption was detected by UV-vis spectrophotometer techniques.The results showed that as-prepared nanowires with the hexagonal phase have...     

CTAB作用下纳米复合材料ZnO-TiO2制备与多模式光催化降解罗丹明B

在模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作用下,通过溶胶-凝胶与程序升温溶剂热法制备了纳米复合材料ZnOTiO2(CTAB).经X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和N2吸附-脱附测试等手段对其组成、结构和形貌等进行了表征.结果显示,合成产物ZnO-TiO2(CTAB)主要晶型为ZnO纤锌矿,并部分生成ZnTiO3.同时,该合成产物经CTAB作用后,其对光的吸收发生明显红移,且平均孔径明显变小,BET值增大.在紫外光、可见光、模拟日光和微波辅助等不同模式光催化降解罗丹明B的实验研究中,与未经CTAB作用的样品ZnO-TiO2相比,ZnO-TiO2(CTAB)具有更高的光催化性能.同时,该复合材料在紫外光条件下,对甲基橙、罗丹明B、结晶紫、亚甲基蓝和龙胆紫5种不同结构染料的光催化中均表现出良好的降解效果.     

表面活性剂对3-甲基吡啶电氧化制取烟酸的影响

研究了在阳极液中加入不同类型和不同浓度表面活性剂对3-甲基吡啶电氧化的影响. 结果表明, 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱和山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的胶团对3-甲基吡啶电氧化有明显的促进作用. 实验结果还表明, 在低浓度的硫酸为支持电解质阳极液中加入表面活性剂与不加表面活性剂相比， 3-甲基吡啶电氧化制取烟酸的选择性和电流效率明显提高.     

Transfer of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles from water into an ionic liquid using alkyltrimethyl ammonium bromide: an anion-exchange process

Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were transferred from water to a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), [Bmim]PF(6), with the assistance of alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. The phase transfer mechanism was illustrated through the exemplification of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Interaction between GNPs and CTAB was demonstrated through zeta potential analysis. Moreover, an anion-exchange process was discovered between CTAB and IL. During the process, the hydrophobic CTAPF(6) formed in situ on the GNPs led to the hydrophobization and thus phase transfer of the GNPs. The phase transfer efficiency was found to be size-dependent.     

A New Nanocatalytic Spectrophotometric Assay for Cationic Surfactant Using Phosphomolybdic Acid‐Formic Acid‐Nanogold as Indicator Reaction

In the pH 7.4 Na₂HPO₄‐NaH₂PO₄ buffer solution, the cationic surfactant (CS) interacted with nanogold particles (NG) to form NG aggregations (NGA) that resulted in its color changing from wine red to blue‐violet. NG has a strong catalysis on the formic acid‐phosphomolybdic acid (PMo) colored reaction, but that of the NGA catalysis is weak. With the increase of CS concentration, the NGA increased and the NG decreased, the catalysis decreased and the absorption value at 700 nm decreased linearly. The concentrations of 6.25–250 nmol/L tetradecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (TDBAC), 0.625–250 nmol/L cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) and 12.5–500 nmol·L^?1 dodecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC) had good linear responses to the decreased absorption value (ΔA_{700 nm}), with molar absorption coefficients of 2.2×10⁶, 2.1×10⁶ and 9×10⁵ L·mol^?1·cm^?1 respectively. This method was simple, highly sensitive and low‐cost.     

Antioxidant effects of resveratrol and its analogues against the free-radical-induced peroxidation of linoleic acid in micelles

The antioxidant effect of resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) and its analogues, that is, 4-hydroxy-trans-stilbene (4-HS), 3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,5-DHS), 4,4'-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (4,4'-DHS), 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,4-DHS), 3,4,5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,4,5-THS) and 3,4,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,4,4'-THS), against the peroxidation of linoleic acid has been studied in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles. The peroxidation was initiated thermally by a water-soluble azo initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and the reaction kinetics were studied by monitoring the formation of linoleic acid hydroperoxides. The synergistic antioxidant effect of these compounds with alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) was also studied by following the decay kinetics of alpha-tocopherol and the reaction intermediate, the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical. Kinetic analysis of the antioxidant process demonstrates that these compounds are effective antioxidants in micelles used either alone or in combination with alpha-tocopherol. The antioxidative action involves trapping the propagating lipid peroxyl radical and reducing the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical to regenerate alpha-tocopherol. It was found that the antioxidant activity of resveratrol analogues depends significantly on the position of the hydroxyl groups, the oxidation potential of the molecule and the reaction medium. Molecules with ortho-dihydroxyl and/or para-hydroxyl functionalities possess high activity.     

An improved direct titration of α-epoxy compounds using crystal violet as the indicator

α-Epoxy compounds, such as glycidyl ethers and esters, can be rapidly determined by direct titration with perchloric acid in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonuim bromide. Acetic acid is the preferred medium and crystal violet serves as the indicator.     

Rubber products prepared from silica modified by radiation-induced admicellar polymerization

Unmodified silica, silica modified with Si69, silica modified by thermal admicellar polymerization and silica modified by radiation-induced admicellar polymerization were applied as rubber reinforcement. Mechanical properties of these different rubber formulae were subsequently tested. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of rubber reinforced with silica modified by admicellar polymerization were superior to those reinforced with unmodified silica or silica modified with Si69. As for the silica modified by admicellar polymerization, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) proved to be the most effective surfactant, compared to dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) and tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB).     

碳纳米管与CTMAB协同加强荧光探针并应用于测定痕量锰

提出将碳纳米管(CNT)作为一种新型分析增效试剂用于加强荧光探针,研究了其与阳离子表面活性剂-十六烷基溴化铵(CTMAB)的协同增敏机理,并应用于苯基荧光酮(PF)荧光猝灭法测定锰离子的体系中。结果表明,在CNT与CTMAB复配的影响下,PF与Mn2+形成的络合物荧光猝灭强度最大,据此建立了CNT加强荧光猝灭法测定痕量锰的新方法。方法的检出限为0.2μg/L,线性范围为0.4~10μg/L,回归方程:ΔF=10.48ρ(μg/L)+10.77,R=0.9992。本法可用于自来水中Mn2+含量的检测。     

Effect of iron and humic acid on photodegradation of some pesticides adsorbed on clay surfaces

Photochemistry studies can be helpful in assessing the environmental fate of chemicals. For this reason, the photodegradation kinetic studies of the two pesticides orthophenylphenol (OPP) and monuron, largely used in agriculture, were carried out in solid phase. The fungicide OPP and the herbicide monuron were irradiated on the clay fractions (montmorillonite and modified clays) using a suntest simulator. The phototransformation of the parent compound was followed by HPLC technique. The photodegradation process appears to follow the first order reaction. Kinetic parameters were determined and the experimental results show that the photodegradation of these substrates was enhanced in presence of K-montmorillonite, in comparison with Fe(III) exchanged montmorillonite and montmorillonite complexed with humic acid complexes. This study has shown that the iron and humic acid adsorbed on clay surfaces did not increase the degradation rate.     

烷烃同系物对液膜振荡的影响

基于表面活性物质在互不相溶的油水两相间自发迁移引起油水界面电位的周期性变化的液膜振荡可用于模拟生物膜振荡，并根据生物膜对某些分子具有的独特电位振荡作为识别分子的信号，可用于化学分析。 建立了水（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）/正丙醇 水溶液）/油（苦味酸硝基甲烷溶液）/水（葡萄糖水溶液）液膜振荡体系。 通过向体系中添加正己烷、正辛烷、正癸烷、正十二烷、正十四烷、正十六烷、环己烷和异辛烷等物质，考察了不同碳数的烷烃同系物、烷烃同分异构体以及混合烷烃对振荡的影响。 结果表明，加入不同类型的烷烃，振荡曲线的诱导期和振荡区的振幅和频率呈现一定规律性变化，以此可进一步进行液膜振荡在烷烃同系物识别与分析中的应用研究。