共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 279 毫秒
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采用漫反射红外光谱(DRIFTS)技术和循环伏安法对TiO2光催化剂上甲醛光催化氧化过程中催化剂表面吸附、降解行为进行了考察.研究了草酸盐对甲醛光催化氧化降解行为的影响,结果表明低浓度草酸钠的加入提高了甲醛的降解效率,这个结果归因于草酸根离子的存在能够清除吸附位上积聚的甲酸及类似中间产物.光电化学实验进一步证实了草酸钠对甲醛光催化氧化中间产物的清除作用. 相似文献
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掺氮二氧化钛可见光照射降解微囊藻毒素-LR 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用溶胶凝胶法制备了N掺杂TiO2(N-TiO2)纳米粉体光催化剂,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见反射光谱及透射电镜(TEM)分析测定,对光催化剂N/TiO2进行了结构表征.发现N掺杂TiO2相对纯TiO2禁带宽度变窄,可见光区有明显吸收.在可见光照射下,利用纳米N/TiO2作为光催化剂降解微囊藻毒素(Microcystin-LR,MC-LR),通过高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)跟踪检测降解过程MC-LR浓度变化,液质联用仪(LC-MS)检测MC-LR降解中间产物变化.利用电子自旋共振法(ESR)及过氧化物酶催化氧化方法跟踪定性定量测定光催化过程中氧化物种的种类变化.采用总有机碳(TOC)测定仪测定了MC-LR光催化深度氧化矿化效果.结果表明,可见光(λ420nm)照射可有效激发光催化剂N-TiO2活化分子氧降解MC-LR,在反应条件下,光催化反应14h,MC-LR降解率达到100%,20h矿化率达到59%.其光催化反应体系中氧化物种主要为羟基自由基(·OH).质谱检测到13种降解产物,主要反应机理为光催化反应产生·OH进攻MC-LR结构四个易氧化部位,以及一些氨基酸之间的肽键的水解. 相似文献
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二氧化钛薄膜上三氯乙烯光催化氧化反应机理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了二氧化钛薄膜上三氯乙烯(TCE)气相光催化氧化的反应机理. 结果表明,TCE气相光催化氧化反应生成的氯气可引发TCE的连锁反应. 当添加氯气的浓度相同时TCE表面光催化反应的初速率约为光化学反应初速率的2倍,说明连锁反应主要发生在催化剂表面. 氯可吸附在催化剂表面,作为电子的接受体抑制空穴与电子复合,提高TiO2光催化剂的活性. 除了TCE与吸附在催化剂表面的·OH的相互作用及反应产物/中间产物二氯乙酰氯的光催化分解可生成氯气以外,光气在与氯气共存时的光分解也有利于氯的生成. 相似文献
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氯柱硼镁石在87 ℃水中的溶解及相转化动力学 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对氯柱硼镁石(2MgO•2B2O3•MgCl2•14H2O)在87 ℃水中的溶解转化进行了动力学考察.通过对不同时间取出液样的化学分析和不同阶段分离的固相IR和XRD鉴定表明:其高温区溶解转化不同于低温,氯柱硼镁石很快溶脱掉MgCl2,形成晶形的MgO•B2O3•4H2O中间产物,最终转化产物柱硼镁石(MgO•B2O3•3H2O),是由MgO•B2O3•4H2O脱水后从溶液中大量析出的.提出了溶解及相转化机理,拟合出转化结晶动力学方程. 相似文献
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多种谱学方法研究环氧乙烷/四氢呋喃共聚醚的热氧降解 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用电子自旋共振(ESR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和多种核磁共振(NMR)技术研究了环氧乙烷/四氢呋喃共聚醚的热氧降解,表 征了近20种产物结构碎片,并对EO和THF两种链节的降解作了定量讨论。共聚醚的氧化降解发生在醚键氧碳上,遵循自由基氧化机理,最后形成大量的甲酸酯、碳酸酯等酯类以及甲基、亚甲二氧基和醇,此外还检测到过氧化氢和半缩甲醛结构。分析表明共聚醚中THF链节的降解程度明显大于EO链节,而且降解容易发生在两种链节交替连接处。抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚(BHT)不仅降低了共聚醚的氧化降解程度,还改变了降解产物的结构分布,显著抑制了碳酸酯和亚甲二氧基结构的生成,相对增加了羟基和端甲基结构。 相似文献
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使用漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)原位反应器研究了273~333 K下甲醛与α-Al2O3颗粒物表面的非均相反应. 结果表明, 甲醛在α-Al2O3颗粒物表面生成产物主要为甲酸盐、二氧亚甲基以及少量多聚甲醛和吸附态甲醛, 甲酸盐是由中间产物二氧亚甲基进一步氧化生成的. 在293 K下, 甲醛在α-Al2O3颗粒物表面的反应级数为0.81±0.05, 以样品池几何面积计算的初始摄取系数γ0GEO为(2.3±0.5)×10-5, 以颗粒物BET面积计算的初始摄取系数γ0BET为(9.4±1.7)×10-9, 表观活化能为33.5 kJ/mol. 相似文献
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本文用原子簇模型(CM)的从头计算方法,计算了银表面甲醇氧化反应中的静态吸附物种的优化几何构型及吸附性质.计算表明在清洁银表面甲醇、甲醛只存在物理吸附;当表面存在吸附氧原子时,甲醇可在银表面形成两种分子态吸附;甲醛与表面羟基OH_(a)或氢原子H_(a)共存时在银表面能够形成化学吸附,且CH_2O_(a)极易与O_(a)反应生成深度氧化中间体η~2-甲二氧基;中间产物甲氧基在无氧的银表面能够形成稳定吸附,在富氧银表面极易进一步氧化脱氢生成产物甲醛.通过计算与实验结果的对照,我们对反应机理作了初步讨论. 相似文献
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运用HREELS技术对甲醇在预吸附氯的Ag(111)表面上的吸附氧化行为进行了较细致的研究.结果证明Cl对甲醇氧化的影响缘于它在Ag(111)上的吸附所引起的表面结构的改变进而改变表面氧吸附物种,从而使得甲醇氧化的中间产物发生变化.实验结果说明甲醇在Ag(111)和低暴露量氯吸附的Ag(111)表面上的氧化行为是相似的,检测到了中间产物Ⅰ和Ⅲ;在高暴露量氯吸附的Ag(111)上甲醇氧化时则产生中间产物Ⅰ、Ⅳ和甲醛物种.对上述不同的甲醇氧化行为作了分析,并指出了以前人们在考察甲醇氧化机理时只考虑原子氧作用的片面性. 相似文献
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《中国化学快报》2020,31(7):1966-1969
Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one kind of common indoor toxic pollutant, the catalytic oxidation degradation of formaldehyde at room temperature is desired. In this work, a new single atomic catalyst (SAC), Al doped graphene, for the catalytic oxidation of HCHO molecules was proposed through density function theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that Al atoms can be adsorbed on graphene stably without aggression. Then HCHO can be effectively oxidized into CO2 and H2O in the presence of O2 molecules on Al doped graphene with a low energy barrier of 0.82 eV and releasing energy of 2.29 eV with the pathway of HCHO → HCOOH → CO → CO2. The oxidation reaction can happen promptly with reaction time τ = 56.9 s at the speed control step at room temperature. Therefore, this work proposed a high-performance catalyst Al-doped graphene without any noble metal for HCHO oxidation at ambient temperature, and corresponding oxidation pathway and mechanism are also deeply understood. 相似文献
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采用光催化微反应器对铜箔表面附着的聚α烯烃进行了光催化降解处理,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子自旋共振谱(ESR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等对光催化降解前后聚α烯烃的元素化学状态、自由基和官能团进行了检测,并探讨了光催化降解机理.结果表明,聚α烯烃光催化降解过程中发生了含氧基团的引入和CO_2脱附;参加降解反应的自由基主要为羟基自由基·OH,降解过程中—OH逐渐增多、C—H键逐渐减少;聚α烯烃光催化降解过程中,·OH进攻聚α烯烃是从取代反应开始的,首先取代的是末端的氢原子,然后是末端羟基向醛基和羧基的转变,最后是碳链断裂形成小分子有机物,这一过程持续进行,最终生成CO_2和H_2O等无机物. 相似文献
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最近在“氧化的”TiO2 (即表面无氧空位和Ti3+)上进行的CO光催化氧化研究发现 :室温下 ,以黑光灯 (峰值λ=365nm)光照时 ,“氧化的”TiO2 无CO催化氧化的活性 ,但以杀菌灯 (峰值λ =2 53.7nm)光照时 ,则对CO产生显著的催化活性 .参照CO在过渡金属表面的催化氧化机理 ,对本现象进行了解释 :黑光灯照时 ,O2 在TiO2 表面只生成O-2 (a) ,而O-2 (a) 不能使CO氧化 ,只有以杀菌灯照时 ,TiO2 表面产生O-(a) ,CO氧化反应才能发生 . 相似文献
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Gas-phase decomposition of formic acid results in final products CO + H2O and CO2 + H2. Experimentally, the CO/CO2 ratio tends to be large, in contradiction with mechanism studies, which show almost equal activation energies for dehydration and decarboxylation. In this work, the influence of H2 on the decomposition mechanism of HCOOH was explored using ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G**//MP2/6-311++G** level. It was found that, in the presence of H2, the reaction channels leading to CO + H2O are more than those leading to CO2 + H2. With competitive energy, H2 addition to HCOOH can reduce the latter into HCHO, which then dissociates into CO + H2 catalyzed by H2O. Compared to trans-HCOOH, cis-HCOOH and cis-C(OH)2, conformers required for decarboxylation, are less populated due to interactions with H2. 相似文献
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M. M. Taqui Khan N. Nageswara Rao Debabrata Chatterjee 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》1991,60(3):311-318
An efficient photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to HCOOH and HCHO is reported using K[Ru(H-EDTA)Cl] · 2H2O (1) as homogeneous catalyst and particulate Pt—CdS—RuO2 as photon absorber at 505 nm. This system produces 0.22 M of HCOOH and 0.10 M of HCHO in 6 h of photolysis at rates of 3.05 × 10−2 M h−1 and 2.0 × 10−2 M h−1 respectively. Trace amounts of CH3OH, CH4 and CO are detected in the reaction vessel. The rates of formation of HCOOH and HCHO exhibit a first-order dependence on the catalyst and dissolved CO2 concentrations. The reaction shows deuterium isotope effects (kH/kD) of 1.5 and 2.00 for the formation of HCOOH and HCHO respectively. Under identical experimental conditions, the rate of decomposition of formate was studied. The rate of decomposition of formate is slower (by two orders of magnitude compared with the formation of formate) even at high formate concentrations. A mechanism for the formation of HCOOH and HCHO is proposed. 相似文献
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The first key step in the oxidation of water to O(2) by the oxidized species [(bpy)(2)(O)Ru(V)ORu(V)(O)(bpy)(2)](4+) of the Ru blue dimer is studied using density functional theory (DFT) and an explicit solvent treatment. In the model reaction system [L(2)(O)Ru(V)ORu(V)(O)L(2)](4+)·(H(2)O)(4)·W(76), the surrounding water solvent molecules W are described classically while the inner core reaction system is described quantum mechanically using smaller model ligands (L). The reaction path found for the O--O single bond formation involves a proton relay chain: direct participation of two water molecules in two proton transfers to yield the product [L(2)(HOO)Ru(IV)ORu(IV)(OH)L(2)](4+)·(H(2)O)(3)·W(76). The calculated ~3 kcal/mol reaction free energy and ~15 kcal/mol activation free energy barrier at 298 K are consistent with experiment. Structural changes and charge flow along the intrinsic reaction coordinate, the solvent's role in the reaction barrier, and their significance for water oxidation catalysis are examined in detail. 相似文献
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ZnO超微粒子光催化氧化降解n-C7H16的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用ZnO光催化氧化技术对气相n-C7H16进行了降解研究,考察了氧气、水燕气体积分数等因素对n-C7H16光催化氧化的影响,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪和气相色谱仪对气相光催化反应过程中的气体组成进行了定性分析,并对主要中间产物丙醛进行了定量分析,结果发现,ZnO超微粒子光催化氧化n-C7H16的降解率较高,n-C7H16绝大部分被完全氧化成CO2,探讨了n-C7H16光催化氧化反尖的动力学行为及机理。 相似文献
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Theoretical calculations are performed to study the nature of the hydrogen bonds in complexes HCHO…HNO, HCOOH…HNO, HCHO…NH3, HCOOH…NH3, HCHO…NH2F and HCOOH…NH2F. The geometric structures and vibrational frequencies of these six complexes at the MP2/6-31+G(d,p), MP2/6-311++G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels are calculated by standard and counterpoise-corrected methods, respectively. The results indicate that in complexes HCHO…HNO and HCOOH…HNO the N-H bond is strongly contracted and N-H…O blue-shifted hydrogen bonds are observed. While in complexes HCHO…NH3, HCOOH…NH3, HCHO…NH2F and HCOOH…NH2F, the N-H bond is elongated and N-H…O red-shifted hydrogen bonds are found. From the natural bond orbital analysis it can be seen that the X-H bond length in the X-H…Y hydrogen bond is controlled by a balance of four main factors in the opposite directions: hyperconjugation, electron density redistribution, rehybridization and structural reorganization. Among them hyperconjugation has the effect of elongating the X-H bond, and the other three factors belong to the bond shortening effects. In complexes HCHO…HNO and HCOOH…HNO, the shortening effects dominate which lead to the blue shift of the N-H stretching frequencies. In complexes HCHO…NH3, HCOOH…NH3, HCHO…NH2F and HCOOH…NH2F where elongating effects are dominant, the N-H…O hydrogen bonds are red-shifted. 相似文献
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Makarova K Rokhina EV Golovina EA Van As H Virkutyte J 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2012,116(1):443-451
The 4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-trifluoromethylpyrroline-1-oxide (FDMPO) spin trap is very attractive for spin trapping studies due to its high stability and high reaction rates with various free radicals. However, the identification of FDMPO radical adducts is a challenging task since they have very comparable Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectra. Here we propose a new method for the analysis and interpretation of the ESR spectra of FDMPO radical adducts. Thus, overlapping ESR spectra were analyzed using computer simulations. As a result, the N- and F-hyperfine splitting constants were obtained. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) was adopted to identify radical adducts formed during various processes (e.g., Fenton reaction, cleavage of peracetic acid over MnO(2), etc.). The ANN was effective on both "known" FDMPO radical adducts measured in slightly different solvents and not a priori "known" FDMPO radical adducts. Finally, the N- and F-hyperfine splitting constants of ·OH, ·CH(3), ·CH(2)OH, and CH(3)(C═O)O(·) radical adducts of FDMPO were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G++//B3LYP/EPR-II level of theory to confirm the experimental data. 相似文献