废旧电池中的重金属对人体的危害

讨论了废旧电池对环境的致毒作用和对人体健康的危害，介绍了废旧电池中重金属在生物体中的吸收、转化、分布、作用部位及毒性，指出人类社会的可持续性发展与自然生态循环的协调一致要求从源头上制止污染，而不是在术端治理污染，即从根本上改变人类的物质生活方式，重新回到生态系统的框架之内。     

家用废弃干电池重金属浸出性探究

为了探究废旧干电池的浸出毒性,利用蒸馏水对2种破碎程度(1%和100%)的某品牌碱性干电池进行了分级浸取研究,对浸出液分别进行了汞、镉、铅、锌的测定。结果表明此品牌电池在实验条件下,汞未检出,但镉、铅、锌均可以检出,而且浸出液中的Zn浓度超过了污水综合排放标准。目前已有废旧电池回收利用技术,建议从我做起,积极分类回收废旧电池。     

探究式学习案例设计:废旧电池对水源的危害与处理

以废旧电池对水源的危害与处理为例阐述了探究式学习的一般过程、基本思路与方法,重点阐述了实验方案的形成过程。     

“废旧电池污染”研究性学习的实施与反思

结合指导学生开展“废旧电池污染”的研究性学习案例,探索了创设多样化的研究性学习的教学情境、实践活动和校本课程从而激活化学课堂的途径,并就中学化学教学与研究性学习的整合进行了反思。     

废旧电池中铜锌锰及氯化铵的分离和利用

为探寻简便有效途径解决废旧电池对环境的污染以及对人体健康危害的问题,在实验中选取常用的锌锰干电池为研究对象,通过酸解、沉淀、氧化还原分别对锌和锰及少量氯化铵进行回收处理,制取七水合硫酸锌和二氧化锰及氯化铵。     

吖啶红-罗丹明B荧光共振能量转移法测定汞

研究了吖啶红(供体)和罗丹明B(受体)之间荧光共振能量转移的最佳条件,建立了荧光共振能量转移猝灭法测定污水和废旧电池中痕量汞的方法。室温中,采用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTMAB),在pH=7.0条件下,吖啶红与罗丹明B之间能产生有效的共振能量转移,汞离子的加入能使体系中罗丹明B荧光峰强猝灭从而测定汞的含量。汞离子浓度在0.05～2.5μg/mL范围内与罗丹明B荧光强度变化ΔF呈现良好线性关系(r=0.9997),检出限(3σ/K)为0.95ng/mL,加标回收率98.0%～104.5%。该方法可用于污水和废旧电池中痕量汞的测定。     

化学学科综合能力测试单元练习三元素及其化合物

一、选择题(本题包括5小题,每小题3分,共15分.每小题只有1个选项符合题意) 1.下列说法均摘自某科普杂志,其中没有科学性错误的是( ) A.铅笔芯的原料是重金属铅,儿童在使用时不可咬铅笔,否则会引起铅中毒 B.CO有毒,生有煤火的居室多放几盆清水,可有效吸收CO,防止中毒 C.过量的铝元素的摄入,会导致某些疾病的发生,故应减少铝制炊具的使用 D.回收废旧电池的主要目的是为了回收利用其外壳的金属材料     

离子液体[Emim]PF6-邻菲咯琳萃取回收废旧电池中镐、镍离子的研究

研究了疏水性离子液体[Emim] PF_6-邻菲咯琳萃取体系对废旧镍镉电池中镉、镍离子的萃取性能,考察了振荡时间、温度、平衡水相酸度和萃取剂用量时萃取性能的影响.在水相pH值为5.91、温度为80℃时,4.0mL4g/L的邻菲咯琳与3.0mL离子液[Emim] PF_6组成的萃取体系时废旧电池液中镉、镍离子萃取效果良好.同时研究了废旧离子液在不同时间及酸度下的反萃效果,在浓度为1.0mol/L的盐酸介质中反萃1h,镉、镍离子能较好地被反萃.     

一堂实验探究式创新课--原电池原理及其应用(第一课时)

1　学习目标　　 (1 )理解原电池原理 ,电极反应 ,构成条件。(2 )启发学生认识科学探索的基本过程。(3)培养自主学习 ,积极探究、合作创造的精神和能力。(4)渗透其他学科知识 ,加强学科联系。(5)学习科学家的科学态度和优秀品质。2　学习用品　　 (1 )学生自备材料 :耳机 (随身听附件 )、干电池(随身听电池 )、石墨棒 (用 3号废旧电池的电极 )。(2 )其他用品 :多媒体设备 ;白萝卜 (或其他蔬菜)、桔子 (或其他水果 )、铁丝、铜丝、锌片、铜片、导线、电流计、小灯泡、稀H2 SO4、烧杯等。3　学习过程　　 [展示 ]一个桔子和一个白萝卜　　 […     

废碱锰电池焙烧干粉酸解条件的研究

碱性锌锰电池具有能量大、贮存性能优越、无记忆效应、成本低、可互换等优点,其产量和消费量都相当大[1],根据1995年日本松下电池公司川崎先生统计的数据推算,1997年全球各类一次性电池的总量近300亿节,其中碱性锌锰电池约80亿节,占电池总量的25%以上[2-3]。据资料介绍[4-5],2003年中国电池产量达209·3亿元,占世界电池总产量的50%以上,年消费量达100多亿节,其中大部分为锌锰和碱性锌锰电池,并且碱性锌锰电池正以30%的速度增长,预计到2005年碱性锌锰电池将达到50亿节,面对如此大的产量和用量,若不对用过的废旧电池采取有效措施,不仅会造成严…     

From lithium-ion to sodium-ion battery

The review discusses the problems of development of sodium-ion batteries intended to replace lithium-ion batteries used in large power plants (electric transport, smart grids). The literature data, mainly for the last five years, devoted to electrode functional materials and electrolytes used in sodium-ion batteries are presented and analyzed.     

Ethylene sulfite based electrolyte for non-aqueous lithium oxygen batteries

Non-aqueous lithium–oxygen(Li–O_2) batteries have been considered as the superior energy storage system due to their high-energy density, however, some challenges limit the practical application of Li–O_2 batteries. One of them is the lack of stable electrolyte. In this communication, a novel electrolyte with ethylene sulfite(ES) used as solvent for Li–O_2 batteries was reported. ES solvent showed low volatility and high electrochemical stability. Without a catalyst in the air-electrode of Li–O_2 batteries, the batteries showed high specific capacity, good round-trip efficiency and cycling stability.     

A comprehensive review of battery technology for E-mobility

Electric vehicles are proven to be a potential alternative to traditional transport technologies and contribute largely to reducing fossil fuel consumption. In this review, various battery technologies used in electric vehicles are discussed in detail with their research advancements. In the market, various types of electric vehicles along with hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles demand batteries with high energy density, easy charging and discharging with good cycle life and low cost. Hence this article mainly focuses on the types of battery with these parameters in detail. Many battery technologies are currently employed in electric vehicles but the most frequently used batteries are Lithium-ion batteries. Thus, a greater focus is given to Li-ion batteries and their development by detailing the material-specific advancements in their electrode and electrolyte system.     

摇椅锂离子二次电池及其嵌入式电极材料

本文着重对摇椅锂离子二次电池的工作原理，电池采用的嵌入式电极材料的结构，常见的合成方法，插层反应和电化学性能的研究情况以及应用前景和存在的问题等作一综述。     

Recent Advances in the Research of Photo-Assisted Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries

The application of solar energy is crucial for alleviating the energy crisis and achieving sustainable development. In recent years, photo-assisted rechargeable batteries have attracted researchers because they can directly convert and store solar energy in the batteries. And it also can be used like a normal battery without light illumination. Photo-assisted lithium-based batteries have received more attention than other energy storage systems due to their higher energy density and relatively mature development. This Review focuses on the design of various photo-assisted lithium-based batteries including Li-ion, Li-S, Li-O₂, Li-CO₂ and Li-I batteries, as well as the working mechanism of photoelectrodes in these battery systems. The basic understanding and challenge of photo-assisted lithium-based batteries are also discussed. At last, perspectives for the photoelectrode development are provided in the summary to advance photo-assisted energy storage systems.     

对工业电池交流内阻测量的讨论(英文)

能源和环境的可持续发展是本世纪最重要的问题之一.二次电池是具有重要意义的高效储能器件,在电动汽车及混合动力汽车等实际应用中,经常会用到电池组,此时需要考虑电池组中每一个单体电池性能的一致性.内阻作为用于表征电池一致性的性能参数之一,对电池的工业制造和使用非常重要.目前,锂离子电池等二次电池的内阻测试都是按照国际电工委员会第61960号标准(2003)来进行的.本文从该标准的理论基础和其在内阻测试仪中的实际应用等方面出发,分析并指出了该测试标准中的问题,希望能为电池行业新标准的建立提供一定的指导,并有助于可持续能源设备及电动汽车用动力电池的开发.     

锂硫电池用石墨烯基材料的研究进展

锂硫电池因其理论能量密度高、资源丰富和环境友好等优势,被认为是最有发展前景的下一代电化学储能系统之一。然而,硫的绝缘性、充放电中间产物多硫化物的溶解和扩散、硫的体积膨胀以及锂负极安全性等问题,严重制约着锂硫电池的商业应用。石墨烯因其具有高导电、高柔性等诸多优异特性而被广泛研究,将其用于锂硫电池的正极载体、隔膜涂层和集流体中,以期实现高比能、高稳定性的锂硫电池。本文综述了石墨烯基材料,包括石墨烯、功能化石墨烯、掺杂石墨烯和石墨烯复合物,在锂硫电池中应用的研究进展,并展望了锂硫电池用石墨烯基材料的未来发展方向。     

Continuum simulations for microscale 3D batteries

Continuum simulations provide a cost-effective approach to analyze the effect of geometric structure and dimension in microscale batteries. This allows us to explore how the introduction of 3D vertical structure into the battery design can be used to increase both areal capacity and power density. As we highlight here, continuum simulations contribute toward new insights into optimized geometric parameters, understanding performance of working 3D microscale batteries, and investigations into different physical processes occurring in microscale batteries.     

Polyanionic Compounds for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Lithium‐ion batteries have the highest energy density among practical secondary batteries and are widely used for electronic devices, electric vehicles, and even stationary energy‐storage systems. Along with the expansion of demand and applications, the concern about resources of lithium and cobalt is growing. Therefore, secondary batteries composed of abundant elements are required to complement lithium‐ion batteries. In recent years, the development of potassium‐ion batteries has attracted much attention, especially for large‐scale energy storage. In order to realize potassium‐ion batteries, various compounds are proposed and investigated as positive electrode materials, including layered transition‐metal oxides, Prussian blue analogues, and polyanionic compounds. This article offers a review of polyanionic compounds which are typically composed of abundant elements and expected high operating potential. Furthermore, we deliver our new results to partially compensate for lack of studies and provide a future perspective.     

Li2S-P2S5体系电解质及其在全固态锂离子电池中的应用研究进展

全固态锂离子电池具有安全性能好、能量密度高、工作温区广等优点,被广泛应用于便携式电子设备。固态电解质是全固态锂离子电池的关键材料之一,其中的硫化物电解质具有离子电导率高、电化学窗口宽、晶界电阻低和易成膜等特点,被认为最有希望应用于全固态锂离子电池。本文综述了Li_2S-P_2S_5体系电解质的发展状况,包括固态电解质的制备、改性、表征以及电极/固态电解质之间的固-固界面的稳定兼容问题。本文还涉及了以Li_2S-P_2S_5为电解质的全固态锂离子电池性能的研究进展。