碳氟表面活性剂复配体系的中相微乳液研究

全氟辛酸钠(OBS)/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)-正丁醇/正丙醇-油-盐水体系能形成多相微乳液, 本文应用正交试验设计寻找了最佳中相微乳液体系组成, 然后系统地研究了含盐量、表面活性剂总浓度, 醇总浓度, 油的种类对该体系中相微乳液的形成, 相态和其特性参数的影响。并且应用红外光谱对微乳液的微观结构进行了测定。最后还对碳氢表面活性剂和碳氢/碳氟表面活性剂复配体系进行了比较。本文结果对三次采油和日用化工等领域的应用以及对理论研究都具有重要的意义。     

十二烷基硫酸钠中相微乳液的液晶结构

微乳液是指油、水、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂形成的各向同性的、光学透明或半透明的热力学稳定体系．中相微乳液是指富表面活性剂相与过剩水相、过剩油相形成的三相体系．中相微乳液既可增溶水,又可增溶油,且与过剩水相、油相超低的界面张力,因而在强化采油中引起人们...     

SDBS/n-C8H18/n-C4OH/盐水体系中相微乳液双连续结构

微乳液是指由水（盐水）、油（烃）、一种或几种表面活性剂组成的热力学稳定体系,这类体系具有低粘度、各向导性、透明或半透明的性质[1],微乳液在许多工业实际问题中,例如润滑、以洗涤、催化等方面得到了应用[2],近年来,微乳液和反向胶束中酶催化技术的开发[3]以及分离蛋白质中的应用[4],使微乳液在生化技术研究中倍受青睐．与过剩盐水相和过剩油相达三相平衡时的微乳液即为中相微乳液。中相微乳液具有既可增溶水又可增溶油的特殊性质,并且微乳液与过剩水相和过剩油相间的界面张力（飞uw和7;n。;）极低顺干2．0。10－’1liN·111…     

微乳液脱除油泥砂中的原油

以煤油为油相,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为主表面活性剂,正戊醇为助表面活性剂,通过改变NaCl浓度分别制备出上相、中相和下相3种类型的微乳液,研究了其对油泥砂中原油的脱除效率,考察了微乳液类型、油泥砂处理量、时间和温度等的影响.结果表明,油相在下相微乳液中的脱油效率最高,在中相中次之,在上相中最低,且油相脱油率与油泥砂处理量间具有良好的线性关系;在所考察的时间(10 ～60 min)和温度(20 ～70℃)范围内,脱油效率变化幅度不显著,表明该体系可对油泥砂进行常温快速脱油处理.     

柴油中相微乳液的制备和相图分析

制备了柴油/复合表面活性剂/正戊醇/MnCl2盐水五元微乳液;研究了MnCl2浓度、表面活性剂浓度及正戊醇浓度对五元微乳液体系中相微乳液的形成和鱼尾相图的影响.结果表明,用MnCl2扫描时形成的中相微乳液范围较窄;在鱼尾相图中,当复合表面活性剂D0821(双(C8-10烷基)二甲基氯化铵)和AEO-3(脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚)的质量比为4∶6时,形成单相微乳液的表面活性剂效率最高,最佳表面活性剂的质量分数为8.3%.     

CTAB/n-C5H11OH/H2O体系对青霉素G钾盐水解的抑制作用

微乳液是由表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、水、油等组成的各向同性、低粘度的热力学体系［１］,在生物、环境及其相关领域有着十分重要的应用［２］．近年来,以微乳液为微反应器进行化学反应已引起重视［３－１０］青霉素是一种很重要的抗生素药物,它在阴暗干燥的空气中较...     

阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的中相微乳液研究

阴离子表面活性剂双-2-乙基己基磺化琥珀酸钠(简称AOT), 和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴代铵(简称CTAB), 在有醇、正辛烷、盐水存在的情况下,能形成多相微乳液。本文系统地研究了阴/阳离子表面活性剂配比、醇的种类、醇的浓度对该体系的中相微乳液的形成及特性的影响, 得到了中相微乳液的特性参数(最佳含盐量S^*, 最佳中相微乳液体积V^*, 界面张力r~E、盐宽△S等)。这些性质对与阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系, 三次采油及日用化工上的应用开发具有重要意义。最后还开展单独阴离子表面活性剂体系和阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系进行了比较, 得到一些有价值规律, 并从理论上进行了探讨。     

O／W微乳液中聚邻甲苯胺超微粒子的制备

聚邻甲苯胺具有较高的电导率、较好的贮存电荷的能力和良好的环境稳定性，因而具有较大的应用价值［’－‘j，其合成方法主要有电化学合成法和化学合成法［‘·’J．化学会成法所得聚邻甲苯肢的粒子一般大于100urn．近年来，以表面活性剂聚集体微乳液、溶致液晶为介质，制备超微粒子材料已为人们所关注「’－’］．以微乳液为介质进行聚合反应亦引起重视，但大部分微乳液聚合都是在四组分微乳液（表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、单体和水）中进行‘”·“‘．近年来，某些油溶性单体已成功地在无助表面活性剂的三组分微乳液中聚合［‘’·‘’1…     

新型无表面活性剂微乳液体系：乙醇/呋喃甲醛/水

通常, 微乳液一般由四个组分构成：水相、油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂。本文报道了一种不含表面活性剂的微乳液体系(简称SFME),由呋喃甲醛(油相),水和乙醇三组分构成,不含传统的表面活性剂。对其相行为进行了研究,发现存在一个单相微乳液区和一个两相平衡区。采用电导率法和冷冻蚀刻电镜(FF-TEM)考察了单相区域中微乳液的微结构,结果表明可分为油包水(O/W)、双连续(BC)和水包油(W/O)三个区域。液滴直径介于30~80nm。     

无表面活性剂微乳液体系：N,N－二甲基甲酰胺/呋喃甲醛/水

通常微乳液一般由四个组分构成：水相、油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂。本文报道了一种不含表面活性剂的微乳液体系(简称SFME),由呋喃甲醛(油相),水和N,N－二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)三组分构成,不含传统的表面活性剂。对其相行为进行了研究,发现存在一个单相微乳液区和一个两相平衡区。采用电导率法和冷冻蚀刻电镜(FF-TEM)考察了单相区域中微乳液的微结构,结果表明可分为油包水(O/W)、双连续(BC)和水包油(W/O)三个区域。液滴直径介于40-70nm。     

Tween80/BmimPF6/醇/甲苯体系的相行为

以环境友好型的Tween80为表面活性剂, 以醇(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇、正辛醇、正癸醇和异戊醇)为助表面活性剂, 对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(bmimPF6)和甲苯进行了微乳化实验, 绘制了不同条件下Tween80离子液体的微乳体系的拟三元相图, 考察了醇的种类、含量对单相微乳区的影响, 并用电导法研究了在乙醇为助表面活性剂情况下, 单相微乳区的结构转变. 结果表明, 当醇(异戊醇)固定时, 随着表面活性剂/醇的质量比增加, 单相微乳区的面积逐渐增大; 不同链长的直链醇对单相微乳区的面积影响与该醇在离子液体中的溶解情况有关, 单相微乳区的面积随着直链醇链长的增加而越小; 当乙醇作助表面活性剂时, 所得到的单相微乳区的面积最大, 且单相微乳区存在着O/IL(oil-in-ionic liquid)、双连续相和IL/O(ionic liquid-in-oil)三种微结构. 尤其对离子液体微乳体系的电导随油的含量的增加而最初增大的现象进行了解释, 这一现象是由于油主要起到减少离子液体中离子对或离子的积聚, 提高带电离子淌度的作用.     

微乳液结构的研究

测定了十二烷基磺酸钠／正丁醇／２０％苯乙烯／水体系的相平衡，用冷冻刻蚀、ＥＳＲ、ＦＴ－ＩＲ研究了上述体系微乳液的结构，研究表明，苯乙烯含量恒定时，随着体系中水含量增加，电导确定的双连续结构的微乳液经历着从油包水到以连续再到水包油变化，ＦＴ－ＩＲ测定表明，Ｗ／Ｏ微乳兴较Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液的ＯＨ伸缩振动和弯曲振动频率有显著减小，说明Ｗ／Ｏ微乳兴中氢键缔合要比Ｏ／Ｗ强得多。ＥＳＲ测定表明Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液的旋转相关     

助表面活性剂对阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配形成微乳液的影响

中相微乳液;盐度扫描;助表面活性剂对阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配形成微乳液的影响     

Tuning high aqueous phase uptake in nonionic water-in-oil microemulsions for the synthesis of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles: phase behavior, characterization, and nanoparticle synthesis

In this work, the formation of water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions with high aqueous phase uptake in a nonionic surfactant system is investigated as potential media for the synthesis of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles. A comprehensive study based on the phase behavior of systems containing precursor salts, on one hand, and precipitating agent, on the other hand, was carried out to identify key regions on (a) pseudoternary phase diagrams at constant temperature (50 °C), and (b) pseudobinary phase diagrams at constant surfactant (S):oil(O) weight ratio (S:O) as a function of temperature. The internal structure and dynamics of microemulsions were studied systematically by conductivity and self-diffusion coefficient determinations (FT PGSE (1)H NMR). It was found that nonpercolated w/o microemulsions could be obtained by appropriate tuning of composition variables and temperature, with aqueous phase concentrations as high as 36 wt % for precursor salts and 25 wt % for precipitating agent systems. Three compositions with three different dynamic behaviors (nonpercolated and percolated w/o, as well as bicontinuous microemulsions) were selected for the synthesis of Mn-Zn ferrites, resulting in nanoparticles with different characteristics. Spinel structure and superparamagnetic behavior were obtained. This study sets firm basis for a systematic study of Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticle synthesis via different scenarios of microemulsion dynamics, which will contribute to a better understanding on the relationship of the characteristics of the obtained materials with the properties of the reaction media.     

SDBS／正辛烷／正丁醇／盐水体系中相微乳液微观结构的研究

利用冷冻蚀刻电镜、ＦＴ－ＩＲ、ＥＳＲ和ＮＭＲ方法研究了ＳＤＢＳ／ｎ－Ｃ４Ｈ９ＯＨ／ｎ－Ｃ８Ｈ１８盐水体系中相微乳液微观结构。四种方法均表现随着体系含盐度的增加，中相微乳液微观结构经历了从Ｏ／Ｗ型到Ｂ．Ｃ型，再到Ｗ／Ｏ型的转变。     

Micellar solubilization of tributylphosphate in aqueous solutions of Pluronic block copolymers. Part II. Structural characterization inferred by 1H NMR

The solubilization of tributylphosphate (TBP), a polar oil, in various micellar solutions of Pluronic has been investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Partial phase diagrams of the three components systems (Pluronic-TBP-water) have shown two characteristic temperatures, called CPT and SMT, which control the phase behavior (see Part I); Both temperature depend on the copolymer structure and, interestingly, are directly related to the TBP concentration in the medium. Monophasic microemulsions are observed only when the temperature ranges between the SMT and the CPT. Moreover, the evolution of the CPT with the TBP content clearly indicated the occurrence of a structural change of the microemulsions which allows higher quantities of TBP to be solubilized. In this second part, (1)H NMR studies of TPB/micellar systems have essentially focused on elucidating the nature of the interactions between TBP and micelle, or on the location of the solubilized species, mainly from the dependence of chemical shifts or linewidths on TBP concentration. Especially, the NMR spectra of the microemulsions before and after the structural change have been compared with those obtained for pure solution of Pluronic in D(2)O at different temperatures and in CDCl(3). The analysis of the (1)H NMR chemical shifts suggests a structural transformation of the TBP-Pluronic micelles in the sense of an hydrophobic TBP-PPO core becoming more and more dense as the TBP concentration increases. Especially, (1)H NMR data evidence an evolution of the hydration state of the hydrophobic core following addition of TBP in the micellar solutions. During the addition of TBP, the microemulsion structure turns from spherical swelled micelles to nanodroplets of pure TBP stabilized by the Pluronic (pure nanophase of TBP stabilized by the copolymer). It is shown that the structural change strongly depends on the temperatures (CPT and SMT, see Part I) and on the copolymer structure.     

Effect of ionic surfactants on the phase behavior and structure of sucrose ester/water/oil systems

The phase behavior and structure of sucrose ester/water/oil systems in the presence of long-chain cosurfactant (monolaurin) and small amounts of ionic surfactants was investigated by phase study and small angle X-ray scattering. In a water/sucrose ester/monolaurin/decane system at 27 degrees C, instead of a three-phase microemulsion, lamellar liquid crystals are formed in the dilute region. Unlike other systems in the presence of alcohol as cosurfactant, the HLB composition does not change with dilution, since monolaurin adsorbs almost completely in the interface. The addition of small amounts of ionic surfactant, regardless of the counterion, increases the solubilization of water in W/O microemulsions. The solubilization on oil in O/W microemulsions is not much affected, but structuring is induced and a viscous isotropic phase is formed. At high ionic surfactant concentrations, the single-phase microemulsion disappears and liquid crystals are favored.     

Phase behaviour and microstructures of microemulsions(Ⅰ)

By the orthogonal design,the optimal formation conditions for the middle-phase microemulsions in the system dioctadeeyldimethylammornum chloride (DODMAC)/ sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/n-butanol/n-hep-ane/brine were obtained as follows.Investigations have been made on the effects of the concentrations of NaCl and n-butanol(1.0%-14.0%),the rantos of W to Wshs and the kinds of alcohols (n-propanol,n-butanol,and n-pentanol) on the formation,the phase behavtour,the ultralow interfacial tensions,the optimal salinity (S*),and the length of salinity (S).Some rules and data were worked out about the formation and characteristics of the middle-phase microemulsions.The mi-crostruenres of the middle-phase microemulsions were also studied by using FT-IR,ESR,and freeze fracture electron microscopy techmques The results from the three methods show that the microstructures of the middle-phase mi-croemnlsions undergo the change from O/W to bicontinuous(B C.) and to W/O.The distribution rule of the orga-mzed molecule ass     

Influence of changes in water properties on reactivity in strongly acidic microemulsions

Replacing the counterion in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (NaOT, usually known as AOT or Aerosol OT) with H+ (HOT) allows strongly acidic microemulsions to be obtained through the effect of a change in the solvation mechanism of the surfactant, where the Na+...OH2 interaction is displaced by a stronger H+...OH2 interaction. This raises the proportion of water bound to the counterion, which is reflected in the FT-IR spectrum for water trapped in the microemulsion and the 1H NMR spectrum for the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules. In NaOT microemulsions, the resonance signal for hydrogen atoms in the water molecules increases from delta approximately 3.9 ppm at W = 2 (with W = [H2O]/[NaOT]) to delta approximately 4.8 ppm at W = 50. In HOT microemulsions, the disparate strength of Na+...OH2 and H+...OH2 interactions results in a decrease in the resonance signal for the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules from delta approximately 8.6 ppm at W = 2 to delta approximately 4.9 ppm at W = 50. These changes in the physical properties of water alter chemical reactivity in a way that is clearly apparent in solvolytic processes in NaOT and HOT microemulsions. Thus, the rate constants of reactions involving an associative mechanism increase with decreasing W in NaOT microemulsions, but decrease with decreasing W in HOT microemulsions. The disparate behavior is a result of a decreased nucleophilicity of interfacial water in HOT microemulsions relative to NaOT microemulsions. For a dissociative process the rate constants are greater in HOT microemulsions than in NaOT ones, and increase with increasing W in both types of microemulsions, which can be ascribed to an increased electrophilicity of interfacial water in HOT microemulsions.     

微乳胶粒的形成与表面活性剂的作用——粗粒化力场分子动力学模拟研究

从微观机理上研究表面活性剂对微乳胶粒形成的影响有利于推动微乳状液在各个领域的应用研究．本文采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了微乳胶粒的形成过程及表面活性剂对微乳胶粒形成的影响．正十二烷（C12H26）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作为油分子和表面活性剂分子的模型,Martini粗粒化（coarse．grained,CG）力场描述分子间和分子内的相互作用,对含有不同浓度的正十二烷和表面活性剂的12个模型分别进行了100ns的分子动力学模拟．模拟结果显示,不含表面活性剂的体系迅速发生水油相分离,且分离过程伴随着势能的明显下降;含有表面活性剂的体系中,在相同时间内通过模拟得到了稳定的、表面活性剂分子包裹油分子的胶粒．对不同温度下模拟得到的数据分析发现,胶粒形成初期的动力学特征可以近似地表达为二级反应,聚集活化能为14．6kJ／mol．