超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸭蛋中7种四环素类药物残留

建立了鸭蛋中二甲胺四环素、土霉素、四环素、去甲基金霉素、盐酸金霉素、甲烯土霉素、多西环素等7种四环素类药物残留的UPLC-MS/MS检测方法。样品经10%三氯乙酸溶液提取,Cleanert PEP固相萃取柱净化,0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,UPLC-MS/MS测定。7种四环素类药物残留在10～100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率在84.3%～94.1%之间,相对标准偏差在1.7%～7.7%之间,检出限为0.2～1μg/kg,精密度为0.9%～2.7%。方法能够对鸭蛋中四环素类药物残留进行分析。     

肉类及水产品中四环素类抗生素残留量的高效液相色谱测定方法

建立了肉类中土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)、金霉素(CTC)残留量的高效液相色谱荧光检测方法.样品经5%HClO4除蛋白后,离心过滤.采用Waters XTerra RP18(5 μm,4.6×150 mm)色谱柱,以V(甲醇):V(CaCl2缓冲液)=30:70(pH 6.6)为流动相,等度洗脱,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温25℃.经CaCl2缓冲液衍生化,在激发波长(Zx)350 nm和发射波长(Zm)520nm处检测土霉素、四环素和金霉素的残留量.结果表明,在此条件下,测得上述3种抗生素在0.09～4.64μg/mL范围内线性良好,土霉素的最小检测限为1.48 ng/mL,四环素为1.20ng/mL,金霉素为2.32 ng/mL,方法的精密度为0.69%～1.23%,加样回收率为64.63%～90.89%.实验证明本方法可用于检测肉类中土霉素、四环素和金霉素的残留量.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测畜禽粪便中14种兽药抗生素

研究并优化了同时分析畜禽粪便中14种抗生素(四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类)的加速溶剂萃取参数、固相富集净化程序、以及高效液相色谱分离和检测条件。结果表明,以1%乙酸(pH 2.6)作为流动相,在270 nm的检测波长下,14种抗生素能达到基线分离。3倍信噪比下,四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素的检出限分别为35～90μg/kg,12～28μg/kg,9～17μg/kg及19μg/kg。加标浓度在1和10μg/g时,畜禽粪便样品经过50%甲醇的柠檬酸盐缓冲溶液提取,HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,四环素、磺胺、氟喹诺酮和大环内酯类抗生素的回收率分别达到了58%～75%和66%～83%,74%～93%和91%～101%,74%～80%和80%～88%,85%和68%,相对标准偏差分别为6.2%～10.7%和7.8%～13.6,2.6%～10.2%和4.4%～13.2%,6.1%～12.5%和8.3%～14.6%,10.6%和12.3%。采用此方法对辽宁省部分规模化养殖场的猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪样品进行了检测。4类抗生素都有检出,浓度范围分别为0.75～22.34 mg/kg,0.10～1.71 mg/kg,0.38～4.46 mg/kg和0.23～0.35 mg/kg。     

固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定茶叶中54种农药残留量

建立了固相萃取净化-气相色谱/串联质谱(SPE-GC-MS/MS)分析茶叶中54种农药残留的方法。样品用乙睛提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑/氨基固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱方法在分时段选择反应监测模式下进行测定,外标法定量。当54种农药加标水平为10、50、100μg/kg时,回收率为60%～150%,方法的相对标准偏差小于16%;定量限(LOQ)均小于10μg/kg;在20～320μg/L范围内线性关系良好。方法已用于同时检测茶叶中农药多残留。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱筛查确证尿液中磺胺、喹诺酮与四环素抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）同时测定尿液中磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类共45种抗生素的检测方法。尿液样品经提取后，采用HLB固相萃取柱（200 mg/6 mL）净化，使用ThermoAccucore RP-MS(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱进行分离，以乙腈-0.02%甲酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱。在正离子扫描模式下（ESI+），以选择反应监测模式（SRM）检测，外标法定量。45种目标化合物在3个加标水平（2.0、5.0、10.0μg/L）下的回收率为78.6%～114%，相对标准偏差为0.60%～18%；方法的检出限为0.1～0.5μg/L，定量下限为0.3～1μg/L。将所建方法用于280个尿液样品中抗生素的检测，均未检测到抗生素残留。所建方法的精密度和准确度高，操作简单便捷，为尿液中抗生素残留的筛查提供了方法支持。     

超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定稻谷中11种农药残留

建立了超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定稻谷中11种农药残留的方法。稻谷样品以乙腈作为提取溶剂,样品提取液用50 mg PSA、50 mg C_(18)和150 mg MgSO_4为净化剂进行净化。以乙腈为流动相A,2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相B,采用配有大气压电化学源的超高压液相色谱–三重四级杆串联质谱联用仪进行检测,选择正离子多反应监测模式。阿维菌素的质量浓度在50～1 000μg/L范围内,其它目标物的质量浓度在5～1 000μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积的线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99,方法检出限为1.0～2.5μg/kg。样品的加标回收率为70.2%～110.6%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.2%～13.5%(n=6)。该方法具有分析时间短、操作简单、灵敏度高等优点,能够较好地满足稻谷中农药残留检测的需要。     

同位素内标-高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定乳及乳制品中13种β-受体激动剂类药物残留

建立了乳及乳制品中13种β-受体激动剂类药物多残留的同位素内标-高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法。样品经三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白,提取液经SupelcleanLC-SCX固相萃取柱净化后,用HPLC-MS/MS进行测定。采用AgilentEclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2.1×150 mm,3.5μm),0.1%甲酸水-乙腈流动相进行梯度洗脱,用电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行MS/MS检测。其中克伦特罗在0.05～5.0μg/kg线性范围内,其余12种分析物在0.25～10μg/kg线性范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数r>0.9988。方法检出限(LOD)为0.02～0.17μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为0.05～0.48μg/kg。空白样品添加回收率为83.2%～102.6%,相对标准偏差为5.0%～13%。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法同时测定牛奶中阿特拉津及其两类代谢物的残留

建立了高效液相色谱质谱联用检测牛奶中阿特拉津及其两类代谢物残留的同步分析方法。样品中加入1%HCl和0.265 mol/L Na2S2O3后,由冰乙腈提取,混合型阳离子交换柱固相萃取净化,采用液相色谱-串联质谱进行测定,外标法定量。阿特拉津及其代谢物在0.4～100μg/L范围内线性良好,标准曲线相关系数R2>0.99。在1～25μg/L浓度范围内,除脱异丙基羟基阿特拉津的平均加标回收率较低约为64.2%外,其它目标物的回收率在75.0%～119.0%之间,相对标准偏差为1.5%～14.5%;脱乙基阿特拉津、羟基阿特拉津、脱乙基羟基阿特拉津的检出限为0.1μg/L;其余目标物的检出限为0.5μg/L。本方法的灵敏度较高,且简便、快速,可以较好地解决目标物极性差别大及样品基质对检测结果的干扰等问题,可以满足牛奶中阿特拉津及其两类代谢物残留检测的需要。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定花生及制品中17种菊酯类农药残留

建立了花生及制品中17种菊酯类农药残留量的分析方法。样品与C18/弗罗里硅土(1∶2,w/w)填料混合,基质固相分散(MSPD)提取,以乙酸乙酯/环己烷(1∶1,V/V)洗脱待测物。MSPD提取液经凝胶渗透色谱净化后采用气相色谱负化学源质谱检测。结果表明,氯菊酯在10～500μg/L,其余16种农药在5～500μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9992～0.9999。17种农药在10～500μg/kg范围内的加标回收率为72.6%～102.9%,相对标准偏差为2.9%～7.8%,检出限为0.33～6.6μg/kg,定量限为1.1～21.9μg/kg。本方法操作简单、净化效果好、灵敏度高,可应用于花生及制品中17种菊酯类农药的实际检测分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定水产品中氯霉素残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定水产品中氯霉素残留量的方法。样品均质后经乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷脱脂(或用固相萃取柱净化),超高效液相色谱分离,串联四级杆质谱检测,同位素内标法定量。方法在0.05～1.0μg/kg的添加范围内的平均回收率为84.9%～103.3%,相对标准偏差为3.2%～5.2%,定量检测限为0.02μg/kg。方法适用于各种水产品基质的氯霉素残留检测。     

Determination of Tetracyclines in Honey Using Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Absorbance Detection and Residue Confirmation by Mass Spectrometry

A determination method has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous analysis of tetracycline （TC）, oxytetracycline （OTC）, chlortetracycline （CTC） and doxycycline （DC） in honey. Tetracyclines （TCs） were removed from honey samples by chelation with metal ions bound to small Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow columns and eluted with Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine pH 4.0 buffers. Extracts were further cleaned up by Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction （SPE）, while other solid-phase extraction cartridges were compared. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a polar end-capped C 18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of oxalic acid, acetonitrile and methanol. LC with ultraviolet absorbance at 355 nm resulted in the quantitation of all four tetracycline residues from honey samples fortified at 15, 50, and 100 ng/g, with liner ranges for tetracyclines of 0.05 to 2 μg/mL. Mean recoveries for tetracyclines were greater than 50% with R.S.D. values less than 10% （n= 18）. Detection limits of 5, 5, 10, 10 ng/g for oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline, respectively and quantitation limits of 15 ng/g for all the four tetracyclines were determined. Direct confirmation of the four residues in honey （2-50 ng/g） was realized by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC/MS/MS）. The linear ranges of tetracyclines determined by LC/MS/MS were between 5 to 300 ng/mL, with the linear correlation coefficient r〉 0.995. The limits of detection of 1 to 2 ng/g were obtained for the analysis of the TCs in honey.     

Simultaneous residue monitoring of four tetracycline antibiotics in fish muscle by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography

An on-line simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) residues in fish muscle was developed by coupling in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector. Biocompatible poly (methacrylic acid-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary was selected as the extraction medium, and no precipitating protein and removing fat steps were required prior to extraction. In order to optimize the extraction of these compounds, several in-tube SPME parameters were investigated. Simply performed by extracting with 0.01 M EDTA-MacIlvaine buffer solution (pH 4.0) and centrifugation, the sample then could be directly injected into the device for extraction. The limits of detection of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline were calculated to be 22, 16, 30 and 21 ng/g, respectively. The calibration curves showed linearity in the range of 100-10,000 ng/g with a linear coefficient R² value above 0.9980. Excellent method reproducibility was found by intra- and inter-day precisions, yielding the R.S.D.s less than 4.22% and 5.71%, respectively.     

磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境水样中的四环素类抗生素

建立了磁性固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定环境水样中四环素类抗生素的方法。以6种四环素类抗生素(差向四环素、土霉素、四环素、去甲金霉素、金霉素和脱水四环素)为目标化合物,考察并优化了吸附和解吸条件,确定了最佳萃取条件。萃取后的目标化合物经ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱分离,用高效液相色谱-串联质谱在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行检测。在优化的条件下,6种四环素在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9967~0.9993,检出限为2.44~25.21 ng/L,样品加标回收率为80.6%~90.0%,日内相对标准偏差(RSDs)为0.6%~2.5%,日间RSDs为1.1%~7.1%。该方法灵敏度高、背景干扰低,适用于环境水样中6种痕量四环素类抗生素的同时检测。     

Simultaneous Determination of Oxytetra- cycline, Doxycycline, Tetracycline and Chlortetracycline in Tetracycline Antibiotics by High-Performance Liquid Chromatog- raphy with Fluorescence Detection

A simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline was developed, and successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tetracycline antibiotics. The separation was performed on a reverse-phase C₁₈ column with a gradient elution composed of methanol and sodium acetate buffer (containing disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and calcium chloride, pH 8.10) as the mobile phase, and fluorescence detection at 532 nm (excitation at 380 nm). The detection limits for oxytetracycline, doxycycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline were 0.1, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.4 g L^–1, respectively. Data with respect to precision and accuracy were reported and discussed.     

Magnetic solid phase extraction based on phenyl silica adsorbent for the determination of tetracyclines in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis

A magnetic solid phase extraction method coupled to capillary electrophoresis is proposed for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in milk samples. Five different magnetic phenyl silica adsorbents covered with magnetite were synthesized by varying the molar ratio of phenyltrimethylsilane and tetramethylorthosilicate; these adsorbents were evaluated in terms of their pH and degree of hydrophobicity for tetracycline retention. The optimal, selected combination of conditions was a pH of 10.0 and a magnetic sorbent ratio of 4:1; under these conditions, the retention capacity ranged from 99.7% to 101.2% for the four tetracyclines analyzed. The elution conditions and initial sample volume of the proposed extraction method were also optimized, and the best results were obtained with 1×10(-3) M acetic acid in methanol as eluent and a 200 ml of sample volume. Under optimal conditions, average recoveries ranged from 94.2% to 99.8% and the limits of detection ranged from 2 to 9 μg l(-1) for the four tetracyclines. After the proposed method was optimized and validated, 25 milk samples of different brands were analyzed, oxytetracycline residues were detected in five samples, in concentrations ranging from 98 to 213 μg l(-1). Subsequent analysis of positive samples by SPE-CE and magnetic solid phase extraction-HPLC revealed than no significant differences were found from results obtained by the proposed methodology. Thus, the developed magnetic extraction is a robust pre-concentration technique that can be coupled to other analytical methods for the quantitative determination of tetracyclines.     

Determination of tetracyclines in bovine kidney by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with on-line extraction and clean-up

A novel, sensitive, high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (i.e. mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) method with on-line extraction and clean-up for the screening and confirmation of residues of tetracyclines in kidney has been developed. After liquid extraction of homogenised kidney with McIlvain buffer, an aliquot of the extract is directly injected on the LC/MS/MS system with further extraction and clean-up of the sample on-line. Detection of the analytes was achieved by positive electrospray ionization followed by multiple reaction monitoring. For each tetracycline the collisional decomposition of the protonated molecule to a unique, abundant fragment ion was monitored. The method has been validated for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline. Calibration curves resulting from spiked blank kidney samples at the 100-1200 microgram/kg level showed good linear correlation. At the level of 600 microgram/kg both within- and between-day precision, as measured by relative standard deviation (RSD), were less than 7%. The limits of detection (LODs) for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycyline were 18, 23, 24 and 21 microgram/kg, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycyline were 36, 46, 47 and 42 microgram/kg, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 71 to 91%. The procedure provides a rapid, reliable and sensitive method for the determination of residues of tetracyclines in bovine kidney. The advantage of this method over existing methods is its decreased sample preparation and analysis time, which makes the method more suitable for routine analysis.     

Determination of Tetracyclines in Milk by Graphene-Based Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A graphene-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) column was prepared for the isolation of tetracyclines from milk followed by determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. Graphene provided better separation for tetracyclines than amine-modified graphene and carboxyl-modified graphene. The optimized graphene-based SPE column showed high absorption capacities (greater than 4,660?ng) and high recoveries (exceeding 92%) for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline and was successfully reused at least fifty times. The limits of detection in milk were from 10 to 20?ng/mL, with recoveries between 82.3 and 103.6%. Furthermore, the system showed superior performance than two commercial SPE cartridges with respect to recovery, purification, and reusability. Therefore, this approach is suitable for the determination of tetracyclines in milk.     

Analysis of tetracycline residues in bovine milk by CE-MS with field-amplified sample stacking

A rapid, sensitive, and robust CE-MS method has been developed for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline in milk. Field-amplified sample stacking with electromigration injection (FASS-EMI) was used for the online concentration of tetracyclines. The conditions of separation, MS detection, and stacking were systematically optimized. The optimum buffer composition was 35 mM Tris, 1.1% formic acid, 5% methanol, and 15% ACN. By using the online concentration method of field-enhanced sample stacking (FESI)-EMI stacking, the sensitivity was increased six- to seven-fold. The RSDs (n=6) of the relative migration time of tetracyclines were 1.1-1.4% for intraday and 2.4-2.9% for interday. The RSDs (n=6) of the relative peak area of tetracyclines were 3.2-4.6% for intraday and 4.7-6.1% for interday. The LODs (S/N=3) were 7.14 ng/mL for tetracycline, 11.4 ng/mL for oxytetracycline, and 14.9 ng/mL for chlortetracycline. The method has been successfully used to analyze tetracyclines residues in bovine milk.     

改良的QuEChERS样本前处理/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中四环素类兽药的残留

采用Agilent公司的增强型脂质去除产品Bond Elut EMR-Lipid,建立了针对猪肉中四环素类药物残留的更快更高效的Qu ECh ERS样品前处理方法。样品经酸化乙腈提取,Bond Elut EMR-Lipid Qu ECh ERS净化后,采用HPLC-MS/MS检测,方法检出限可达5.0μg/kg;四环素、金霉素和强力霉素的回收率为75.6%~89.4%,土霉素的回收率为53.4%~61.0%,相对标准偏差均不大于7.7%。     

Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. IX. A simple method for residual tetracyclines analysis in honey using a tandem cartridge clean-up system

A simple, rapid and precise analytical method for the residual tetracyclines in honey has been established using a tandem cartridge clean-up system (prepacked reversed-phase and ion-exchange cartridges) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) from honey spiked at a level of 1.0 ppm are 87.1, 85.3, 98.0 and 99.0%, respectively, with coefficients of variation of 1.1-3.9%. The detection limits in honey are 0.02 ppm for OTC and TC, and 0.05 ppm for CTC and DC, respectively. The time required for the analysis of four samples is only 1 h.