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1.
李晶  汪尔康 《分析化学》1995,23(11):1341-1348
本文评述了原子力显微镜原理和技术及其在现场电化学和电分析化学领域中的应用,并展望了扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜在电化学和电分析化学中的发展方向。  相似文献   

2.
随着人类对能源的使用与存储需求不断增加,高能量密度和高安全性能的二次锂电池体系正在被不断地开发与完善.深入理解充放电过程中锂电池内部电极/电解质界面的电化学过程以及微观反应机理,有利于指导电池材料的优化设计.原位电化学原子力显微镜将原子力显微镜的高分辨表界面分析优势与电化学反应装置相结合,能够在电池运行条件下实现对电极/电解质界面的原位可视化研究,并进一步从纳米尺度上揭示界面结构的演化规律与动力学过程.本文总结了原位电化学原子力显微镜在锂电池电极过程中的最新研究进展,主要包括基于转化型反应的正极过程、固体电解质中间相的动态演化以及固态电池界面演化与失效分析.  相似文献   

3.
化学力显微镜针尖修饰技术研究新进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
评述了化学力显微镜的新成果。对自组装单分子膜修饰扫描探针显微镜针尖,生物分子修饰原子力显微镜针尖,电化学方法修饰扫描隧道显微镜针尖,纳米碳管材料修饰原子力显微镜针尖等作了介绍。  相似文献   

4.
扫描电化学微探针的发展及其在局部腐蚀研究中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简要概述当前国内外具有空间分辨能力的扫描微探针技术及其在腐蚀研究中的应用,包括扫描微电极技术(SMET)、扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描Kelvin探针技术(SKP)等,其中SMET、SECM、SKP及局部交流阻抗技术可直接测定腐蚀电极表面或界面电化学不均一性的分布图像,而原子力显微镜技术则是通过分子间作用力从纳米尺寸测量腐蚀过程表面形貌的变化.文中侧重介绍作者近年先后建立的具有微米空间分辨度的电化学微探针技术,并利用各种扫描探针技术研究金属/溶液界面电化学不均一性及其局部腐蚀过程.研究表明,空间分辨电化学方法的发展及应用,加深了人们对金属表面和金属/溶液界面电化学不均一性,特别是金属局部腐蚀发生、发展及过程机理的认识.  相似文献   

5.
利用电化学湿法印章技术在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃上制备AuPd合金和Au的双组分阵列图案. 采用具有微浮雕图案的琼脂糖印章存储足够多的溶液,并通过控制电沉积的时间来控制图案厚度. 应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),X射线能谱分析(EDX)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分别对ITO表面上的AuPd合金和Au的形貌和组分进行表征,并通过循环伏安(CV)技术和扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)研究比较了Au和AuPd合金的催化活性. 利用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)的针尖产生-基底收集(TG-SC)模式和氧化还原竞争(RC)模式,发现Au电极对二茂铁甲醇氧化物(FcMeOH+)电催化还原能力高于AuPd合金电极,而在AuPd合金上催化还原H2O2的能力显著高于Au.  相似文献   

6.
《分析化学》2005,33(11):1589-1589
单细胞分析是分析化学、生物学和医学多学科相互渗透发展形成的跨学科前沿领域。 分析化学新方法新技术丛书——《单细胞分析》,由武汉大学程介克教授等著。全书共分15章,全面系统地介绍了单细胞分析的各种方法,包括毛细管电泳、微流控芯片、多种光学显微镜(荧光显微镜、聚焦荧光显微镜、全内反射荧光显微镜、多光子荧光显微镜、荧光相关显微镜、近场扫描光学显微镜等)、扫描电化学显微镜、质谱成像、原子力显微镜、扫描隧道显微镜图像分析、阿达玛变换显微光谱及成像、肿瘤电化学及免疫分析、动力学分析、荧光及发光探针、纳米技术以及实时动态检测等新技术和新方法。  相似文献   

7.
自组装金电极的电化学测试及其FTIR和AFM分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用交流阻抗谱测试了自组装免疫电极的抗原响应特性,对生物电极解离过程的机理进行了研究,用傅里叶变换红外反射光谱(FTIR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对电化学实验过程进行了直观观测和定量分析。  相似文献   

8.
采用原子力显微镜、 X光衍射仪、电化学阻抗谱等手段对热氧化制备氧化钛膜的结构和电化学性质进行了研究.结果表明,金属钛直接热氧化制备的薄膜为金红石型二氧化钛薄膜;随氧化温度升高和时间延长,薄膜结晶度逐渐增大;随氧化温度升高,二氧化钛平带电位向负方向移动;当温度大于600℃后,二氧化钛结晶致密,电子导电性减小.  相似文献   

9.
对扫描电化学显微镜(Scanning Electrochemical Microscope,SECM)的发展及其在界面电化学中的研究应用进行了评述。介绍了SECM的工作原理以及常用的操作模式,并对SECM在液/液界面、固/液界面等方面的应用进行了总结。  相似文献   

10.
利用电化学湿法印章技术在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃上制备AuPd合金和Au的双组分阵列图案.采用具有微浮雕图案的琼脂糖印章存储足够多的溶液,并通过控制电沉积的时间来控制图案厚度.应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM),X射线能谱分析(EDX)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分别对ITO表面上的AuPd合金和Au的形貌和组分进行表征,并通过循环伏安(CV)技术和扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)研究比较了Au和AuPd合金的催化活性.利用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)的针尖产生-基底收集(TG-SC)模式和氧化还原竞争(RC)模式,发现Au电极对二茂铁甲醇氧化物(FcMeOH+)电催化还原能力高于AuPd合金电极,而在AuPd合金上催化还原H2O2的能力显著高于Au.  相似文献   

11.
惠飞  李宾  何品刚  胡钧  方禹之 《化学学报》2009,67(6):488-492
利用原位电化学原子力显微镜(in-situ EC-AFM)研究了纳米氧气气泡在高定向热解石墨(HOPG)表面的电化学控制产生与生长. AFM原位图像表明电化学产生的氧气在HOPG表面形成了纳米气泡, 并且纳米气泡的产生与生长可以通过改变外加电压和反应时间来进行控制. 随后, 研究了电化学产生的纳米氧气气泡对于在HOPG表面电化学聚合吡咯反应的影响, 结果表明伴随聚合反应过程产生的纳米氧气气泡使得生成的聚吡咯膜表面形成了气泡状的缺陷.  相似文献   

12.
Time dependent, cathodic electrodeposition of ultrathin CdTe and Te films has been studied in 50 mM H(2)SO(4) + 1 mM CdSO(4) + 0.1 mM TeO(2) solutions at room temperature under potential control using electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). The films were also characterized electrochemically and with X-ray diffraction. The growth mechanism and the composition of the films depends on the applied potentials. Island-like growth mode was observed for CdTe films when the deposition potential was -0.35 V (SHE). At a more positive deposition potential of 0.138 V (SHE), Cd was not co-deposited into the film but affected the dynamic growth mode of the deposit. At this voltage smooth Te films were obtained. Depending on the applied potential, Cd acts either as a co-deposition element for CdTe film growth, or as a mediator for layer-by-layer growth of Te films.  相似文献   

13.
We have recently discussed how organic nanocrystal dissolution appears in different morphologies and the role of the solution pH in the crystal detriment process. We also highlighted the role of the local molecular chemistry in porphyrin nanocrystals having comparable structures: in water-based acid solutions, protonation of free-base porphyrin molecules is the driving force for crystal dissolution, whereas metal (ZnII) porphyrin nanocrystals remain unperturbed. However, all porphyrin types, having an electron rich π-structure, can be electrochemically oxidized. In this scenario, a key question is: does electrochemistry represent a viable strategy to drive the dissolution of both free-base and metal porphyrin nanocrystals? In this work, by exploiting electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), we monitor in situ and in real time the dissolution of both free-base and metal porphyrin nanocrystals, as soon as molecules reach the oxidation potential, showing different regimes according to the applied EC potential.  相似文献   

14.
低频交流电沉积金纳米线阵列的AFM研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
迄今,人们已采用许多方法制备纳米材料,如刻蚀技术、化学法和模板法等[1].其中,引起科学界广泛兴趣的模板法,在合成有序纳米材料上占有极其重要的地位.常用的模板有两种,一种是有序孔洞阳极氧化铝(Anodic Aluminum Oxide,AAO)模板[2],另一种是含有孔洞无序分布的高分子模板.AAO模板具有耐高温,绝缘性好,孔洞分布均匀有序,而且大小可控等特点[3].可以利用 AAO模板来制备各种纳米纤维和纳米管,如导电聚合物[4]、金属[5]、半导体[6]、碳[7]和其它一些材料.由于纳米材料的应用具有广阔的前景,如光催化、电化学、酶固定等方面,因而不同材料纳米线的制备备受关  相似文献   

15.
A photon as a particle has an energy and a momentum. In a matter-photon interaction, the matter and photons may exchange their momenta observing the momentum conservation law. The consequence of the momentum transfer from a photon to a matter particle is a mechanical force exerted on the particle. Several separation methods based on this force of light are reviewed. Photophoresis separations for micron-sized particles and optical force chromatography for chemical-sized molecules are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
《Electroanalysis》2004,16(5):345-354
The use of anodic stripping voltammetry for quantitative analytical measurements using solid electrodes is addressed in the light of generic limitations arising from i) electrode heterogeneity, ii) electrode morphology, iii) inhibited electrodeposition, and iv) incomplete stripping of deposited metal in the anodic sweep. It is shown, using direct imaging of electrode surfaces via AFM and optical microscopy, that each of the preceding factors may produce significant deviations from ideal electrode behavior. The use of atomic force microscopy to fully characterize any developed ASV procedures is strongly recommended. To ensure reproducible and accurate stripping voltammetry, steps should be taken to minimize the effects discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Light possesses momentum, and hence, force is exerted on materials if they absorb and/or scatter light. Laser techniques that use optical forces are currently attracting considerable attention. Optical manipulation for trapping, transporting small particles, and measuring the interparticle force is a representative technique. In addition, photoinduced force microscopy is a promising scanning type of microscopy using optical force. Optical force techniques have recently been used in various fields of research, such as molecular bioscience, organic photochemistry, materials engineering, and molecular fluid dynamics. In these techniques, several types of optical forces such as scattering, absorption, and gradient forces play their respective roles. In this article, we summarize the basics of optical forces and present their elementary expressions for using simplified models of light and matter systems. This will help the readers of this Special Issue to understand how different types of forces are distinguished in the basic expressions used for analyzing the optical force phenomena that appear depending on the light geometry and matter systems. After observing simplified cases of scattering and absorption forces, we introduce general formulae for the optical force and then discuss how different components appear in particular cases of laser geometry and materials.  相似文献   

18.
物质超细化后除产生强烈的量子尺寸效应和宏观量子遂道效应外,还将产生强烈的表面效应和体积效应等。这些效应可改变其的电化学性质。早在1982年Plieth[1]就发现了金属颗粒的粒度对电极电势有影响,随后又在理论和实验方面做了许多工作[2,3]。后来人们又不断发现,组成电极的粉末  相似文献   

19.
直接以氯金酸作为主盐、 羟基乙叉二膦酸(HEDP)作为镀液稳定剂和镀层细化剂、 结合添加剂, 组成亚硫酸盐无氰镀金新工艺; 研究镀液稳定性、 镀层形态及金电沉积机制。结果表明, HEDP可明显提升镀液稳定性;不含HEDP的亚硫酸盐镀金液中, 镀层呈棒状晶粒并随沉积时间延长而逐渐生长,导致镀层外观随镀层厚度增加由金黄色转变为红棕色。镀液含有HEDP时, 金晶粒形态由棒状转变为棱锥状, 且棱锥状晶粒随沉积时间延长生长速率较小, 镀层厚度为1 μm时仍呈现金外观。电化学实验表明金电沉积不经历成核过程。  相似文献   

20.
Several authors observed in the past a larger than twofold increase in viscosity of organic liquids under the influence of an electric field of the order of 10(6) V/m. This was called electro viscous effect (EVE). Significantly higher electric fields, of up to 10(8)-10(9) V/m, arise in the electric double layer in solutions close to an electrode. Therefore, the viscosity can be expected to increase at strongly charged liquid-solid interfaces. In more recent years, it was also observed that even in the absence of an externally controlled electric field the viscosity of water can be up to 10(7) times higher close to a hydrophilic surface than in the bulk ("hydrophilic forces"). Here, we present electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) measurements by which we can overcome the critical threshold of the electric field H=10(6) V/m by the control of the potentials applied to both a conducting sample and a conducting tip immersed in solution. Using the EC-AFM, we have investigated for the first time the EVE in an aqueous electrolyte. We can show that by controlling the applied potential, we can control the viscosity and the thickness of the super viscous liquid layer close to the solid interface. Using this technique, we are further able to separate effects on viscosity induced by the hydrophilicity of the surfaces, by the strong nanoconfinement of the liquid between tip and surface, and by the applied electric field.  相似文献   

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