稀土氧化物上SO2和NO的催化还原Ⅱ.用CO作还原剂的脱硫及反应机理

采用连续流动固定床石英反应器,在反应气体为1%SO2和2%CO, 流量为180 ml/min, 以及催化剂用量为0.5 g的条件下,考察了经活化处理的稀土系列氧化物对CO还原SO2的催化活性,探讨了空速、温度和水蒸气等因素对反应的影响.所研究的样品依据对SO2的转化能力可分为三组: 高活性的镧、镨、钕、钐、铕和钆氧化物; 低活性的铈、钬和铒氧化物; 无活性的铽和镝氧化物.在活性最高的钕和钐氧化物样品上, 450 ℃时SO2的转化率＞98%.反应过程中,活性相为稀土氧硫化物,反应遵从COS中间物机理.     

大气颗粒物及氧化物对CS_2的催化氧化作用

利用原位ＦＴ－ＩＲ,ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ,质谱和连续脉冲微反等手段研究了大气颗粒物及 部分氧化物样品上ＣＳ２催化氧化的反应,并对催化剂的晶化状况和比表面等进行了考 察。结果表明,ＣＳ２在氧化物和大气颗粒物样品上发生氧化反应,生成ＣＯＳ及单质Ｓ,部 分样品上生成ＣＯ２;其中以ＣａＯ的催化作用最为明显,Ｆｅ２Ｏ３次之,Ａｌ２Ｏ３的催化能力有 明显减小,ＳｉＯ２最小,大气颗粒物样品对ＣＳ２有明显的催化氧化作用,活性介于Ｆｅ２Ｏ３ 和Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间;收集的大气颗粒物样品成分主要是Ｃａ（ＡＬ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ８）·４Ｈ２Ｏ,即水泥的主要 成分;ＣＳ２在氧化物或大气颗粒物样品上催化生成ＣＯＳ,是由于催化剂表面吸附氧的作 用．报道了大气颗粒物对ＣＳ２具有催化氧化生成ＣＯＳ的能力,揭示了大气中ＣＯＳ来源 的一个重要途径,对ＣＳ２,ＣＯＳ的污染控制研究具有一定的指导意义．     

稀土氧化物上COS还原SO_2脱硫反应及机理

设计了两级干法脱硫系统，在第一级脱硫器中用ＣＯ还原烟道气中的ＳＯ２，在第二级脱硫器中，让在第一级脱硫器中产生的副产物ＣＯＳ与未完全脱除的ＳＯ２进一步进行二级脱硫反应。考察了稀土氧化物对ＣＯＳ还原ＳＯ２脱硫反应的催化活性，发现氧化铈具有最高的脱硫活性，并且具有较大的反应物配比适用范围。对氧化铈催化ＣＯＳ还原ＳＯ２反应提出了ｒｅｄｏｘ还原氧化机理。     

镍基甲烷化催化剂中的助剂作用 Ⅱ重稀土氧化物添加剂的结构效应和电子效应

应用ＢＥＴ、气相色谱、红外光谱、竞争加氢反应和ＸＰＳ等方法,在以前工作的基础上继续考察了Ｙ２Ｏ３、Ｓｍ２Ｏ３、Ｅｕ２Ｏ３、Ｇｄ２Ｏ３、Ｔｂ４Ｏ７、Ｄｙ２Ｏ３、Ｅｒ２Ｏ３、Ｔｍ２Ｏ３、Ｙｂ２Ｏ３作为添加剂,对镍在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面的分散度、甲烷化活性、ＣＯ在镍上的吸附态及表面镍原子的电子状态的影响．结果表明,稀土氧化物添加剂不仅明显地提高了金属镍的分散度和甲烷化活性,还直接地影响表面镍原子的电子状态．对不同稀土氧化物,这些效应各异．作者认为,利用稀土氧化物添加剂调节表面镍原子的电子状态,可能成为改进甲烷化催化剂活性的一个有效途径．     

稀土氧化御COS还原SO2脱硫反应有机理

设计了两级干法脱硫系统，在第一级脱硫器中用ＣＯ还原烟道气中的ＳＯ２，在第二级脱硫器中，让在第一级脱硫器中产生的副产物ＣＯＳ与未完全脱除的ＳＯ２进一步进行二级脱硫反应，考察了稀土氧化物对ＣＯＳ还原ＳＯ２脱硫反应的催化活性，发现氧化铈具有最高的脱硫活性，并且具有较大的反应物配比适用范围，对氧化铈催化ＣＯＳ还原ＳＯ２反应提出了ｒｅｄｏｘ还原－氧化机理。     

钙钛矿结构在CO还原SO2催化脱硫中的作用

通过对钴和镧的单一氧化物、混合氧化物及具有钙钛矿结构的复合氧化物（ＬａＣｏＯ３等）上ＣＯ还原ＳＯ２脱硫反应的活性以及钴镧氧化物在反应条件下活化过程的考察，指出钙钛矿结构促进了活性晶相ＬａＯ２Ｓ和ＣｏＳ２的生成，增强了钴和镧在活化硫化及脱硫反应中的协同效应。     

稀土氧化物上SO2和NO的催化还原 Ⅰ.催化剂的活化特性和机理

以稀土系列氧化物作为ＣＯ还原ＳＯ２和ＮＯ的催化剂,考察了催化剂的活化过程以及催化剂体相结构的变化,发现稀土系列的活化与其水合性能密切相关,而活化之后活性相为相应的稀土氧硫化物,探讨了稀土系列氧化物的活性机理。     

稀土氧化物对Ni／α—Al2O3催化甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的影响

研究了稀土金属氧化物（Ｌａ２Ｏ３，ＣｅＯ２，Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１和Ｎｄ２Ｏ３）对Ｎｉ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的影响．Ｘ光粉末衍射和活性考察结果表明，稀土氧化物使Ｎｉ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的稳定性有显著提高．稀土氧化物与活性组份Ｎｉ之间的相互作用抑制了催化剂表面Ｎｉ晶粒的生长和迁移，由于这种作用也抑制了催化剂表面积炭的生成．在实验中还发现ＣｅＯ２容易进行Ｃｅ３＋Ｃｅ４＋氧化还原反应而对反应具有催化活性．     

稀土氧化物上SO2和NO的催化还原(Ⅲ)——用CO作还原剂的同步脱硫和脱氮

考察了稀土系列氧化物作为CO同步还原SO2和NO催化剂的活性，结果表明，氧化钐和氧化钕表现了最高的活性，在475℃，SO2和NO的转化率同时超过95％，实验发现稀土氧化物是活性相，通常脱硫活性高的样品同样具有高的脱氮活性，但CeO2表现了不同的行为，其脱硫性虽低，但脱氮活性却较高，文中还对同步反应的机理作了探讨，发现COS不仅是还原SO2的中间物，同时也是还原NO的中间物。结合活性相和反应机理对不同稀土氧化物的活性差异作了讨论。     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物Ca_xSr_（1－x）TiO_3催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联反应

在固定床反应器上，评价了不同温度下钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＳｒＴｉＯ３和ＣａＴｉＯ３的组成变化对甲烷氧化偶联反应的影响．同时，利用ＸＰＳ和ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ对催化剂的结构及其氧物种的反应特性进行了表征．结果表明：ＳｒＴｉＯ３和少量Ｃａ掺杂的ＣａｘＳｒｌ－ｘＴｉＯ３有利于在较低温度（９２３Ｋ）下催化反应的活性和选择性，而ＣａＴｉＯ３体系则在高温（１０７３Ｋ）下表现出较好的活性和选择性．钙钛矿型复合氧化物ＳｒＴｉＯ３和ＣａＴｉＯ３组成变化对不同温度下反应活性的影响与ＣＯ２－ＴＰＤ的脱附谱图有很好的平行关系．     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.