亚磷酰胺配体在铱催化不对称氢化反应中的应用

亚磷酰胺化合物,作为一类"优势手性配体",经过近二十年的发展已经被证明可适用于不对称催化氢化、不对称催化烯丙基取代和不对称催化Diels-Alder反应等多种类型的不对称催化反应.以最具工业化前景的不对称催化氢化反应为切入点,综述了亚磷酰胺配体在铱催化烯酰胺及其衍生物、非官能团烯胺、亚胺及芳香杂环化合物的不对称氢化反应中的研究进展.     

苯并噻唑酮的磷酰化反应

本文研究了苯并噻唑酮与亚磷酸酯,六烷基亚磷酰胺及双-(二烷基胺基)苯基膦的反应,发现它不能与各种亚磷酸酯发生反应,与亚磷酰胺等反应生成N-磷酰化产物,在室温下观察到了P—N健的旋转阻滞现象,并对这种现象进行了讨论。     

N-糖基硫代亚脲基—(硫代)磷酰胺二芳基和二烷基酯的合成

二芳氧基磷酰肼(2a，2b)或二乙氧基硫代磷酰肼(4)与糖基异硫氰酸酯(5a-5b) 反应，生成相应的N-糖基硫代亚脲基—磷酰胺二芳基酯(6a-6d,7a-7d)和N-糖基硫 代亚脲基—硫代磷酰胺二乙基酯(8a-8d)．     

手性磷酰胺配体不对称催化二芳基甲醇类化合物的合成

为了获得具有重要生理活性的手性二芳基甲醇类化合物,以R,R-1,2-环己二胺为原料获得了一系列磷酰胺配体,并系统考察了该类配体在芳基烷基锌对芳香醛的不对称加成反应中的催化活性,在优化的反应条件下,即在30mol%磷酰胺配体N-((1R,2R)-2-(异丙基氨基)环己基)-P,P-二苯基磷酰胺(9c)存在下,可以高达94%的ee值(对映体过量值)及大于90%收率获得相应的手性二芳基甲醇类化合物.尽管催化剂用量较大,在该体系中,配体可非常方便回收再利用.同时,对反应机理进行了推测,认为反应过程所形成的四元过渡态和六元过渡态,有利于提高反应的对映选择性.     

磷酰胺類化合物的製備

本文提出一制备磷酰胺类化合物的新法。将一克分子二氯磷酰胺类化合物与二克分子甲酸在乾燥有机溶剂中加热回流。此法的特点在於产量高,产物容易分离。利用此法,目前已制得苯胺,对-氯苯胺,α-萘胺,对-磺酰氨基苯胺,隣-甲氧基苯胺,对-甲基苯胺,以及苯甲胺的磷酰胺化合物:但不能制得对-硝基苯胺及对-氨基苯甲酸的磷酰胺化合物。对-氨基苯甲酸的磷酰胺化合物可由N-对-氯甲酰苯基二氯磷酰胺与甲酸反应制得,对-硝基苯胺的磷酰胺则始终没有制备成功。     

非对称杂化的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体在不对称催化反应中的应用进展

非对称杂化的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体因其合成简便、易于调控、结构稳定等优点,被广泛应用于不对称催化反应中,如:不对称氢化、不对称氢甲酰化、不对称烯丙基烷基化、不对称氢膦酰化、不对称[3+2]-环加成、不对称1,4-加成和1,4-还原反应等.综述了手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体的种类、合成及其在不对称催化反应中的应用.     

苯乙胺衍生的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体在Rh-催化a-烯醇酯膦酸酯的不对称氢化反应中的应用

将苯乙胺衍生的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体应用在Rh-催化α-烯醇酯膦酸酯的不对称氢化反应中,考察了配体结构及反应条件对反应结果的影响,并在优化的条件下研究了各种底物的适用范围,产物的对映选择性最高>99%ee.     

苯乙胺衍生的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体在Rh-催化α-烯醇酯膦酸酯的不对称氢化反应中的应用

将苯乙胺衍生的手性膦-亚磷酰胺酯配体应用在Rh-催化α-烯醇酯膦酸酯的不对称氢化反应中,考察了配体结构及反应条件对反应结果的影响,并在优化的条件下研究了各种底物的适用范围,产物的对映选择性最高〉99%ee.     

六甲基磷酰胺在有机合成中的应用

综述了近20年来六甲基磷酰胺(HMPA)作为溶剂对有机反应的显著影响, 并着重总结HMPA所发生的化学反应及其在有机合成中的应用．     

手性亚磷酰胺配体及其在不对称催化中的应用

由于结构稳定、合成简便、修饰容易、效果独特等优点,手性亚磷酰胺配体在近十几年得到了迅速的发展,大量基于不同骨架的配体被开发出来,并被成功地应用于多种不对称催化反应中.主要综述了该类配体在不对称共轭加成和烯丙基取代反应中的研究进展,同时也简单介绍了该类配体在其它不对称催化反应中的最新应用.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.