铱(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在痕量铱(III)离子催化作用下,于298￣313K区间氧化四氢糠醇(THFA)的反应动力学.结果表明,反应对铈(IV)离子为一级,对铱(III)离子也为一级,对四氢糠醇的表观反应级数为正分数.准一级速率常数kobs随[H ]增加而增大,而随[HSO-4]增加而减小.在氮气保护下,反应能引发丙烯腈聚合,说明在反应中有自由基产生.通过kobs与[HSO4-]的依赖关系,找到本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO4)2,并计算出平衡常数,速控步骤的速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

铬(Ⅲ)离子催化铈(Ⅳ)离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(Ⅳ)离子在铬(Ⅲ)离子催化作用下,于25～40℃区间氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学.结果表明反应对铈(Ⅳ)和四氢糠醇均为一级.准一级速率常数kobs随催化剂[Cr(Ⅲ)]增加而增大,亦随[H+]增加而增大,而随[HSO-4]增加而减小.在氮气保护下,反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合,说明在反应中没有自由基产生.提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理.通过kobs与HSO-4的依赖关系,并结合Ce(Ⅳ)在溶液中的平衡,找到了本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO4)2.还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

铱(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在痕量铱(III)离子催化作用下，于298~313 K区间氧化四氢糠醇(THFA)的反应动力学. 结果表明，反应对铈(IV)离子为一级，对铱(III)离子也为一级，对四氢糠醇的表观反应级数为正分数. 准一级速率常数kobs随[H+]增加而增大，而随[HSO₄－]增加而减小. 在氮气保护下，反应能引发丙烯腈聚合，说明在反应中有自由基产生. 通过kobs与[HSO₄－]的依赖关系，找到本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO₄)₂，并计算出平衡常数，速控步骤的速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

铬(III)离子催化铈(IV)离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈(IV)离子在铬(III)离子催化作用下, 于25～40 ℃区间氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学. 结果表明反应对铈(IV)和四氢糠醇均为一级. 准一级速率常数k_obs随催化剂[Cr(III)]增加而增大, 亦随[H^＋]增加而增大, 而随增加而减小. 在氮气保护下, 反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合, 说明在反应中没有自由基产生. 提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理. 通过k_obs与的依赖关系, 并结合Ce(IV)在溶液中的平衡, 找到了本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO₄)₂. 还计算出一些速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

铱（III）离子催化铈（IV）离子氧化异丁醇的反应动力学及机理

在酸性介质中用氧化还原滴定法研究了铈（IV）离子在痕量铱（III）离子催化作用下,于25～40 ℃区间氧化异丁醇（BA）的反应动力学.结果表明反应对铈（IV）离子为一级,对异丁醇的表观反应级数为正分数.准一级速率常数kobs随[H＋]及催化剂[Ir(Ⅲ)]增加而增大,随[HSO4-]增加而减小.在氮气保护下,反应不能引发丙烯酰胺聚合,说明在反应中没有自由基产生.提出了催化剂、底物和氧化剂间生成双核加合物的反应机理,通过kobs与HSO4-的依赖关系,找到本反应体系的动力学活性物种是Ce(SO4)2＋,并计算出平衡常数、速控步骤的速率常数及相应的活化参数.     

碱性介质中二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)配离子氧化四氢糠醇的反应动力学及机理

用分光光度法研究了碱性介质中二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)配离子于27～42℃区间氧化四氢糠醇(THFA)的反应动力学。结果表明,反应对Ag(Ⅲ)及四氢糠醇均为一级,准一级速率常数kobs随[OH^-]增大而增大,随[IO₄^-]增加而减小,并有微弱的正盐效应。在氮气保护下,反应体系不能引发丙烯腈或丙烯酰胺聚合。提出了含有前期平衡的反应机理,求出了平衡常数、速控步骤的速率常数及相应的活化参数。     

二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化氨基乙酸的反应动力学及机理(英文)

在碱性介质中于 2 5～ 40℃用分光光度法研究了二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子(DPN)氧化氨基乙酸的动力学.结果表明:反应对DPN为准一级,对氨基乙酸为正分数级.准一级速率常数(kobs)随[OH-]增加而增加:随[IO4 -]增加而减小,无盐效应并未检出自由基存在,我们假设了一过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子(MPN)是氧化剂的活性物种,提出包括DPN和MPN存在前期平衡的氧化反应机理,进而求出反应的活化参数     

碱性介质中二过碘酸合铜(III)配离子氧化四氢糠醇的动力学及机理

本文采用分光光度法研究了二过碘酸合铜(III)配离子在碱性介质中氧化四氢糠醇的动力学及机理. 结果表明反应对[Cu(III)]是一级, 对四氢糠醇是1.3级. 反应速率随体系中[OH^-]的增大而增大, 随过碘酸浓度的增大而减小, 反应体系加入硝酸钾盐时,速率增大, 有正盐效应. 在氮气保护下, 体系能够诱发丙烯酰胺聚合. 提出了一种含有自由基过程的反应机理, 据此导出了一个能够解释本文全部实验事实的速率方程. 求得了速率控制步骤的速率常数, 并给出了相应的活化参数.     

碱性介质中二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)配离子氧化四氢糠醇的动力学及机理

本文采用分光光度法研究了二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)配离子在碱性介质中氧化四氢糠醇的动力学及机理.结果表明反应对[Cu(Ⅲ)]是一级,对四氢糠醇是1.3级.反应速率随体系中[OH~-]的增大而增大,随过碘酸浓度的增大而减小.反应体系加入硝酸钾盐时,速率增大,有正盐效应.在氮气保护下,体系能够诱发丙烯酰胺聚合.提出了一种含有自由基过程的反应机理,据此导出了一个能够解释本文全部实验事实的速率方程.求得了速率控制步骤的速率常数,并给出了相应的活化参数.     

二羟基二(原碘酸根)合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化乙醇的反应动力学及机理

在碱性介质中用分光光度法研究了二羟基二(原碘酸根)合镍(Ⅳ)配离子(DDN)于25～40℃区间氧化乙醇的反应动力学。结果表明,反应对DDN为一级,对乙醇为正分数级。准一级速率常数k_obs随[OH^-]增加而增大,随[IO₄^-]增加而减小。有微弱的负盐效应。在氮气保护下,反应不能引发丙烯酰胺的聚合。提出一个包括Ni(Ⅳ)和乙醇生成加合物前期平衡的反应机理,导出的速率方程满意地解释了所有的实验结果,并计算出平衡常数、速控步骤的速率常数及相应的活化参数。     

Conductance behavior of some tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complexes and their ion association in aqueous solutions

The conductance behavior of some tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complexes was studied in dilute aqueous solutions at 25°C to investigate the ion-pair formation. The thermodynamic formation constants of the ion pairs [Co(en)₃]³⁺·X^– are 28 (chloride), 28 (bromide), 19 (nitrate), and 15 (perchlorate). These values were compared with theoretical values calculated by using Bjerrum's theory of ion association. The formation constant of [Co(en)₃]³⁺·Cl^– was larger than that obtained from the spectrophotometric measurement in solutions containing perchlorate ion. This difference in the formation constants was explained by considering the contribution of ion association of the complex cation with perchlorate ion.     

Potentiometric determination of neodymium (III) ions using tin (IV) antimonotungstate and zirconium (IV) antimonotungstate as electro-active materials

Neodymium (III)-selective electrodes have been prepared by using tin (IV) antimonotungstate (SnSbW) and zirconium (IV) antimonotungstate (ZrSbW) as electro-active materials and epoxy resin as a binding material. In the case of SnSbW, best performance is exhibited by a membrane having the composition: tin (IV) antimonotungstate (50%) and epoxy resin (50%). It shows excellent response in the concentration range of 10^–4?M to 10^–1?M Nd (III) ion with a super-Nernstian slope of 40.0?mV/decade. It has a fast response time of 20 seconds and can be used for at least six months without any considerable divergence in potential. In the case of ZrSbW, best performance is exhibited by a membrane having the composition: zirconium (IV) antimonotungstate (40%) and epoxy resin (60%). It shows excellent response in the concentration range of 10^–5?M to 10^–1?M Nd (III) ion with a near-Nernstian slope of 25.0?mV/decade. It has a fast response time of 10 seconds and can be used for at least six months without any considerable divergence in potential. Effect of internal solution has been studied and the electrode was successfully used in partially non-aqueous medium, too. Selectivity coefficients have been determined by FIM method, with respect to alkali, alkaline earth, some transition and rare earth metal ions. ZrSbW electrode can be used in the pH range of 2.9–9.9 and SnSbW shows pH range 3.0–9.0. Both the electrodes have been used as indicator electrodes in the potentiometric titration of Nd (III) ions against EDTA.     

Immobilization of (dd)heteronuclear hexacyanoferrates(II) in a gelatin matrix

The data concerning a possibility of the synthesis (dd)heteronuclear hexacyanoferrates(II) with (M¹)^II and (M²)^II ions (M¹, M² = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, or Cd) due to the contact of M¹ ₂[Fe(CN)₆] immobilized in the gelatin matrix with aqueous solutions of M²Cl₂ chlorides, were systematized and generalized. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 8–17, January, 2008.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Iridium（Ⅲ）-Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethanol Amine by Cerium（ Ⅳ ） in Sulfuric Acid Media

In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of the iridium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed oxidation of ethanol amine(EAN) by cerium(Ⅳ) in a sulfuric acid medium was investigated using titrimetric technique of redox in a temperature range of 298—313 K. It was found that the reaction is of first order with respect to Ce(Ⅳ) and Ir(Ⅲ), and a positive fractional order with respect to EAN. It was also found that the pseudo-first-order([EAN][Ce(Ⅳ)]) rate constant kobs decreases with the increase of [H ] and [HSO-4]. Under the protection of nitrogen gas, the reaction system can initiate the polymerization of acrylonitrile, indicating the generation of free radicals. On the basis of the experimental results, a suitable mechanism was proposed. From the dependence of kobs on the concentration of hydrogen sulfate, Ce(SO4)2 was found to be the kinetically active species. The rate constants of the rate-determining step together with the activation parameters were evaluated.     

Development of Pr(III) Selective Electrode Using 1,6,7,12‐Tetramine‐2,5,8,11‐tetraoxo‐1(12),6(7)‐di(biphenyl)‐dodecane (TATODBDD) as a Neutral Carrier

A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane based Pr(III) selective electrode was constructed using 1,6,7,12‐tetramine‐2,5,8,11‐tetraoxo‐1(12),6(7)‐di(biphenyl)dodecane (TATODBDD) as a neutral carrier. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Pr(III) ions, a wide concentration range of 3.9×10^?7?1.0×10^?1 mol/L with a detection limit of 5.0×10^?8 mol/L and slope of 19.5 mV/decade. The developed sensor revealed relatively good selectivity and high sensitivity for Pr(III) ions over the other lanthanide ions. The potentiometric response of the sensor is independent in the pH range 2.9–9.5. The advantages of sensor are low resistance, very fast response time (<10 s) with good selectivity. This sensor can be used up to 6 weeks without any divergences in potential response.     

Comparing π-complexation capabilities of ionic liquids containing silver(I) and copper(I) ions by headspace single drop microextraction in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography

Selective π-complexation capabilities of silver(I) and copper(I) ions can be effectively facilitated in ionic liquids. To understand the effects of environmental factors that influence the π-complexation of these metal ions with analytes, techniques that employ small volumes of ionic liquid that can be readily analyzed are desired. In this study, headspace single drop microextraction coupled with HPLC is used to investigate a diverse set of environmental factors on the metal ion-mediated complexation with aromatic compounds in ionic liquid media. Silver(I) and copper(I) bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide salts were both studied by dissolving them in the 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ionic liquid and employing the mixture as extraction media for aromatic compounds. Water and acetonitrile within the sample solution were observed to interfere with the complexation of silver(I) ions and aromatic compounds, while ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol did not. The temperature and extraction times were optimized to fully facilitate the π-complexation capabilities of metal ions in ionic liquid media. Partition coefficients between the sample headspace and metal ion were determined using a three-phase equilibria model. Although no discernable difference in analyte partitioning between the headspace and ionic liquid solvent was observed, analyte partition coefficients to silver(I) ion tended to be greater compared to copper(I) ion.     

电化学方法研究I3^—和Ti^3＋在铂上的异相催化

用电化学方法研究了Ｉ－３和Ｔｉ３＋在还原铂表面上的电极反应，由此计算出Ｉ－３与Ｔｉ３＋在还原铂表面上的混合催化反应速率（νｍｉｘ）．当混合催化电位（Ｅｍｉｘ）位于极限电流区时，νｍｉｘ对［Ｔｉ３＋］为零级反应，对［Ｉ－３］为一级反应，且正比于电极旋转速率的平方根，Ｈ＋浓度影响不大．由动力学方法研究的结果证实了电化学研究结果的正确性，致使可用电化学方法解释溶液中的异相催化问题