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1.
图牧吉油砂位于松辽盆地边缘,搞清它的油源对于该地区的油气勘探有着十分重要的意义。气相色谱-质谱分析表明,该样品受到了严重的生物降解,部分用于对比的甾、萜烷生标标志物受到了降解,使与之有关的参数值发生了变化,给油源对比带来了困难。本研究采用抗生物降解的三环萜烷和四环萜烷等作生标对比参数,将图牧吉油砂与周边已知烃源岩的原油进行对比,确定了该生物降解油来自松辽盆地的嫩江组和青三口组烃源岩。该研究为严重生物降解原油的油源对比提供了有效的方法。  相似文献   

2.
较严重生物降解的原油没有正构烷烃,甚至缺失类异二戊烯烃,给油源研究造成一定困难.这种降解油中沥青质含量很高,用沥青质热解可产生相当量的正构烷烃和其它的烃类成分,例如:类异戊二烯烃、甾烷、萜烷、芳烃等成分也会有所变化.本文研究它们的变化特点、变化的幅度,找出一定的规律性,以对利用原油沥青质热降解产物用于油源对比时分析它们的相似性有所帮助.实验证明,总体上看沥青质的热降解产物与原油的烃类分布上比较相似,但并不一致,有的差距比较大,应该做一些校正,有的则比较稳定可靠.  相似文献   

3.
将沙特轻质原油的减压渣油在395℃临氮条件下进行热反应,利用在线取样装置得到不同热反应时间的样品,借助小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术,测定了各液相残渣油中沥青质聚集体尺寸。结果表明,热反应生焦诱导期的初期沥青质聚集体的尺寸逐渐减小,为29~21 nm;在生焦诱导期后期,其尺寸急剧增大,在热反应进行到150 min时达到43 nm;达到生焦诱导期后,沥青质聚集体尺寸变化较小,在46~42 nm变化。在渣油热反应过程中沥青质聚集体的尺寸受沥青质热裂解、沥青质解缔和缔合等过程的共同影响,与沥青质含量无明显关系。  相似文献   

4.
介绍了一种用分光光度法测定油品中的沥青质含量的方法。通过测定样品悬浮液在750nm、800nm下的吸光度而获得样品中正庚烷沥青质含量,阐述了方法的测量原理,讨论了取样量范围、沥青地方法的影响。结果表明,该法可应用于各种油品(如原油、重质馏分油、渣油和沥青等)的分析,具有简单、快速的优点,相对标准偏差小于3%。  相似文献   

5.
原油是最复杂的化学体系之一,人们对原油这种复杂的胶态分散体及其稳定性的研究兴趣与日俱增,尤其是与石油稳定性密切相关的沥青质超分子聚集体。但人们对形成沥青质超分子聚集体的主要作用力长期以来颇有争议。本文重点介绍了石油组分及其模型化合物在溶液中形成超分子聚集体的超分子化学作用研究进展。通过实验方法和理论计算证明沥青质聚集体是沥青质分子间通过氢键、π-π堆积、偶极-偶极相互作用等多种分子间弱相互作用力协同作用形成的热力学稳定结构;合成具有沥青质结构特点的纯化合物,研究它们在溶液中的行为,是提高对沥青质在液态相中自缔合行为认识的有效方法;结合现阶段的研究状况,对石油组分模型化合物的超分子化学作用研究的发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

6.
钌离子催化氧化研究石油沥青质芳香环系结构特征   总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7  
对四种石油沥青质钌离子催化(RICO)的研究表明,芳羧酸产物中三元以上的芳羧酸主要分布在水相中,二元芳羧酸在水相和有机相中均有分布,而一元芳羧酸完全分布在有机相中。产物甲酯化后利用色谱/质谱检测到苯甲酸甲酯和对苯二甲酸二甲酯,表明沥青质中存在被忽略的联苯型(包括三联苯型)芳香环系的结构,现有沥青质结构模型可能高估了芳香环系的缩合程度。根据RICO氧化分析结果本文计算了沥青质的芳香环系结构特征参数,发现该参数能较好地反映沥青质芳环结构特征,而且与原油成熟度可能存在一定关系。  相似文献   

7.
中东常压渣油热反应过程中沥青质的缔合性变化规律   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
用表面张力法研究了中东常压渣油热反应过程中正庚烷沥青质缔合性的变化。测定沥青质的不同浓度甲苯溶液的表面张力,利用溶液的临界胶束浓度表征沥青质的缔合性。定义蒸气压渗透法(VPO法)测得的沥青质平均分子量和表面张力法计算得到的平均分子量之比为沥青质的缔合度参数。结果表明,随着热反应的进行,在生焦诱导期内,沥青质的临界胶束浓度下降、沥青质缔合度参数增大,缔合性增强;达到生焦诱导期后临界胶束浓度上升、缔合度参数下降,缔合性下降。  相似文献   

8.
降凝剂与原油组分相互作用的影响因素及降凝剂发展   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
李传宪  张春光  孙德军 《化学通报》2002,65(12):819-823
概述了含蜡原油中的蜡、胶质、沥青质、轻烃等有关组分与降凝剂的相互作用特点,及其对原油改性效果的影响。并结合降凝剂的改性原理,对降凝剂的发展进行了介绍。  相似文献   

9.
采用间歇超临界水(supercritical water, SCW)反应器,考察了三种煤焦油及其组分在SCW中的反应性。实验结果表明,沥青质裂解活性高的煤焦油在SCW中反应,轻质产物多,轻质化效果好。沥青质是轻质化反应的主要组分,它发生两极分化反应生成轻油和残焦。与常压N2热解相比,SCW可以促进沥青质转化为轻油并抑制缩合成焦的反应。由沥青质组分反应产物推断,煤焦油沥青质的芳香核主要是由1~4环的芳香族化合物构成。轻油组分在SCW中较为稳定,不足10%的轻油转化为沥青质和残焦。残焦组分在SCW中不发生反应。基于各组分的反应,探讨了煤焦油组分在SCW中的反应路径。  相似文献   

10.
饱和烃促进渣油热反应初期生焦的考察   总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2  
研究了石油渣油饱和烃的热裂化夺氢化学对渣油热反应体系生焦的影响,对由饱和烃-供氢探针、饱和烃-沥青质组成的二元模型反应体系,以及由饱和烃-供氢探针-沥青质组成的三元模型反应体系,分别进行高压热反应;然后关联二元反应体系和三元反应体系中饱和烃夺氢能力及供氢探针的供氢量和沥青质生焦率。结果表明饱和烃夺氢能力可促进沥青质生焦;并且饱和烃的热裂化夺氢反应性能与饱和烃的物理沉积性能相比较,前者更能促进沥青质形成凝聚相而生焦。进而测定四种减压渣油的热反应生焦趋势,发现渣油饱和分的夺氢量与渣油热反应被期的生焦趋势密切相关,而较苛刻的条件下的生焦趋势主要是由原料渣油残炭值所决定。  相似文献   

11.
Catalytic hydropyrolysis was used to release the aliphatic biomarkers covalently bound within the asphaltene structure of highly biodegraded Nigerian tar sand bitumens. Unlike the free aliphatic hydrocarbons extracted from the bitumen, the hydropyrolysis products of the asphaltenes afford aliphatic biomarkers having the characteristics of the initial unaltered oil, which had been trapped within the asphaltene matrix of the bitumen and protected from biodegradation processes. The biomarker profiles obtained allow proper characterisation of the bitumen in terms of source and thermal maturity. Catalytic hydropyrolysis is also capable of releasing aromatic hydrocarbons that can be used in the geochemical characterisation of the bitumen.  相似文献   

12.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(16):2648-2664
Abstract

Asphaltene deposition is a problem for the petroleum industry, affecting the production, transport, and storage of crude oil. The aim of this work is to develop and compare different methods to determine asphaltene precipitation. Two asphaltene fractions, one extracted from a Brazilian crude oil sample and the other from petroleum distillation residue, were evaluated by using model systems constituted of toluene/n-heptane in different compositions, using visible ultraviolet spectrometry and spectrofluorimetry. The results of the precipitation tests carried out by these two methods agreed, indicating they are effective to analyze asphaltene deposition and the performance of chemicals as asphaltene stabilizers.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, the oxidation behavior of crude oils in the presence and absence of rock cuttings was investigated by thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) techniques. Prior to these tests, the composition of cuttings and properties of crude oils were analyzed. Three obvious reaction regions were observed from the TG/DTG curves which are recognized as low-temperature oxidation (LTO), fuel deposition (FD), and high-temperature oxidation. The effects of light components (C7–15), heavy fractions (asphaltene, paraffin, resin), and cutting on oil oxidation behavior were analyzed. Kinetic analysis of crude oils and oil + cutting mixtures was performed by Arrhenius method, and the data were analyzed at last. Results show that high content C7–15 hydrocarbons can provide negative effect on the LTO behavior of crude oil. On the contrary, the high content unsaturated heavy hydrocarbons including asphaltene, paraffin, and resin are benefit for the oxidation performance. In addition, a shortened FD stage and higher peak temperature in LTO region are observed by addition of cutting. Cutting especially clay in it plays an active role of catalyzing in oil oxidation reaction.  相似文献   

14.
张泰铭  梁逸曾  崔卉 《分析化学》2004,32(11):1450-1454
用正己烷将沥青质从油样中分离,再根据类组分之间极性差别,用中性氧化铝-硅胶双层析柱将原油样其余部分分成脂肪烃、芳香烃和7个非烃馏分。各馏分回收完全。用色-质联用技术,将非烃馏分再分离并获取实验数据,为原油非烃结构和含量测定奠定有关的信息基础。不同油井样品研究和重复实验表明,方法对各种原油非烃化合物分离和信息测定有很好的重现性。  相似文献   

15.
This work is an analysis of crude oil samples from the two most recent producing wells in the Machete area (Orinoco Tar Belt, Venezuela). The aim is to determine the type of environment in which the precursor organic materials were deposited. In spite of the fact that the degree of maturity and the biodegradation of the two crude oils are similar, their characterization leads us to conclude that they have very distinctive and different origins. The comparative study was performed by separating their main fractions, pyrolysis of asphaltenes, and further identification of several indicators (aromatic, polar and sulfur compounds, linear aliphatic hydrocarbons, and cadalene). Moreover, several biomarkers (terpanes, hopanoids and steranes) present in the saturated fractions obtained from the two crude oils were analyzed by using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The statistical study of geochemical indicator values and relative proportions of lipid and lipid-like biomarkers present in products from asphaltene pyrolysis shows a high probability of there being two distinct crude oil families from the Machete area.  相似文献   

16.
Aging refers to the deterioration of hydrocarbon fluids that manifests as changes in the physicochemical characteristics of the fluid upon exposure to ambient conditions. In order to understand the effect of aging of crude oils on asphaltene inhibitor product recommendation, simulated aging studies were performed on a crude oil from Wyoming with known asphaltene issues. The results clearly show that aging of crude oil affects the stability of the oil with respect to asphaltenes and caution must be exercised when recommending asphaltene inhibitor if the evaluations were performed on fluids after long-term storage. A real case study where ambient storage in the lab adversely affects the stability of the crude oil and renders asphaltene inhibitor ineffective further confirms results from simulated aging.  相似文献   

17.
张庆轩  曲雪丽 《应用化学》2017,34(10):1202-1208
压力对深层油藏原油热化学过程的影响尚存在较大争议,为研究其在油藏原油热解成气过程中的作用机理,我们在450℃、5~40 MPa压力下对塔里木原油四组分(饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质)进行了封闭体系的热解实验,通过气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分别对原油四组分热解反应的气体产物及饱和分热解过程的液态产物进行了分析。结果表明,在450℃、24 h及不同压力下,沥青质热解产气率高于胶质、芳香分和饱和分;四组分的气相热解产物中,C1的产率明显高于C2~C5组分。增大压力抑制沥青质、胶质及芳香分的热解产气过程而促进饱和分的热解产气过程。随压力的增大,饱和分热解的液态产物的主峰组分碳数先减小,再增大。压力低于20 MPa时,饱和分热解过程中以裂解反应为主;高于30 MPa时,增大压力有利于缩合反应。研究结果可为认识深层油藏原油的稳定程度及天然气的成因提供一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

18.
有效模拟原油中高分子有机烃类沉降量方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用大的交互作用系数描述沥青与原油中轻烃不相容性的程度,根据沥青组分特征化方法,导出了气-液-沥青三相相平衡物料平衡方程组。用沥青沉降三相闪蒸数值算法进行有效的量化模拟计算。结合实例分析,给出了沥青参考逸度的计算、饱和压力和沉降量的拟合方法。  相似文献   

19.
Five crude oils with varying sulfur contents (0.1 – 4.7%) were characterized on a molecular level for organically-bound sulfur. Aromatic fractions were analyzed by GC-(MS) and asphaltene and polar fractions were analyzed by flash pyrolysis-GC-(MS). The polar fractions were also desulfurized with Raney Ni and the hydrocarbons formed were analyzed by GC-MS. Major sulfur compounds in the aromatic fractions were identified as alkylbenzo- and alkyldiben-zothiophenes. The flash pyrolyzates of the asphaltene contained alkylthiophenes and alkylbenzothiophenes as major compounds, depending on the thermal maturity of the oil. Generally, the sulfur-rich crude oils contained relatively more sulfur compounds. The flash pyrolyzates of polar fractions contained a variety of sulfur compounds (alkylthiolanes, alkylthianes, terpenoid sulfides, alkylbenzothiophenes) with substantial differences between different crude oils. Raney Ni desulfurization of the polar fraction yielded hydrocarbons dominated by n-alkanes, but isoprenoid alkanes, n-alkylcyclohexanes, mid-chain methylalkanes, tricyclic terpanes, hopanes and steranes were also present. These hydrocarbons show a potential to fingerprint crude oils since their distribution patterns are more characteristic than those of the hydrocarbons present in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction.  相似文献   

20.
Petrols with different octane numbers, diesel fuel and solutions of crude oil in toluene have been studied by the methods of absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and correlation spectroscopy of scattered light. Circular dichroism signal was registered for crude oil solutions in the spectral ranges corresponding to the measured earlier resonance absorption of asphaltene solutions in toluene. We show that the optical activity of crude oil solutions is due to the aggregation of asphaltene molecules in one spectral range and is intensified with the aggregation of asphaltene molecules in another spectral range. Petrols have no optical activity. The optical activity registered for diesel fuel is possibly due to the aggregation of asphaltene molecules.  相似文献   

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