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1.
染料敏化太阳能电池是太阳能电池的重要发展方向之一,染料敏化剂是影响电池光电转换效率的重要组分,也一直是太阳能电池材料的研究热点.经过20多年的研究,现已开发的光敏染料主要有金属配合物染料和纯有机染料两大类.本文依据染料结构特征,将金属配合物染料分为钌的多吡啶配合物、其它金属(如Os、Pt)的多吡啶配合物、卟啉及酞菁类配...  相似文献   

2.
王蕾  周勤  黄禹琼  张宝  冯亚青 《化学进展》2020,32(1):119-132
近年来,新兴起的有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池突飞猛进,在短短十年里其光电转化效率从3.8%迅速发展到目前25.2%的认证效率,被视为最具有应用潜力的新型高效率太阳能电池之一。虽然钙钛矿太阳能电池具有很高的光电转换效率已与多晶硅薄膜电池相媲美,但是电池的长期稳定性仍是阻碍其商业化的一大挑战。钙钛矿表面和晶界存在大量的缺陷,界面钝化来提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性是非常重要且有效的策略。二维钙钛矿材料是有机胺层与无机层交替的层状钙钛矿,具有体积较大的有机铵阳离子,与传统的三维钙钛矿材料相比对于环境的稳定性较好,并且结构灵活可调,在三维钙钛矿表面修饰二维钙钛矿层钝化缺陷,在提高钙钛矿太阳能电池效率的同时又保证了稳定性,另外,合适的钝化剂分子也能够非常有效地钝化缺陷。本文总结了钙钛矿太阳能电池的不稳定因素,归纳了钙钛矿太阳能电池界面钝化方面的研究进展,指出了二维钙钛矿材料发展的巨大潜力以及寻找合适钝化剂分子的原则,期望能够为获得高性能的钙钛矿太阳能电池进而实现商业化提供有益的指导。  相似文献   

3.
将廉价易得的两亲性季铵盐十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)加入到钙钛矿前驱体溶液中,通过调节添加量研究了CTMAB对钙钛矿太阳能电池效率和稳定性的影响.结果表明,加入CTMAB后制备的钙钛矿薄膜更加致密均匀,表面缺陷更少,钙钛矿晶体结晶性得到显著提高,从而提高了电池的光电转换效率及电池稳定性;含有CTMAB的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率(PCE)为18.03%,明显高于未添加CTMAB的电池效率(17.05%);含有CTMAB的电池稳定性有较大的提高,在一定湿度环境中保存40 d后效率仍达初始效率的95%,而未添加CTMAB的器件效率只有初始效率的70%.  相似文献   

4.
钙钛矿太阳能电池具有制备工艺简单、制造成本低廉、载流子寿命长、光电转换效率高、能带可调等诸多优点,最近几年得到迅猛发展。目前,实验室制备的小面积钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率已经超过22%,但其稳定性仍是有待解决的问题,如果稳定性不能得到有效解决,必然会阻碍其产业化进程。本文归纳了钙钛矿电池稳定性研究的最新进展,重点讨论了提高钙钛矿太阳能电池稳定性的四种方法,最后总结了钙钛矿太阳能电池目前存在的问题并展望了其产业化的前景。  相似文献   

5.
卟啉类光敏剂在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
染料敏化太阳能电池结合了染料光敏剂和无机半导体的优势,具有较宽的光谱响应范围,制造工艺简单、成本较低,对环境友好,应用前景广阔,因而备受人们的关注。本文以卟啉配合物为主线,介绍光敏太阳能电池的基本构造和光电原理,从改善电池性能的角度,综述了各种卟啉类光敏剂在染料太阳能电池中的应用,讨论了卟啉配合物及其超分子结构对光电转化率的影响机理。  相似文献   

6.
卢岳  葛杨  隋曼龄 《物理化学学报》2022,38(5):2007088-86
随着光伏产业的不断发展,有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的研发成为科学与工业界广泛关注的焦点。到目前为止,其光电转换效率已经提高到了25.2%,成为替代硅基太阳能电池的核心方案之一。然而,钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性较差,容易受到环境中氧气、水分、温度甚至光照的影响,这严重制约了其大规模推广与应用。大量科学研究表明,如何避免紫外辐照下有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能衰减,对于提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的光照稳定性至关重要。然而到目前为止,仍然没有系统的工作来对紫外辐照下钙钛矿太阳能电池性能以及微结构演化过程进行详细的表征与分析。本文中,我们利用聚焦离子束-扫描电子显微分析(FIB-SEM)以及球差校正透射电子显微分析(TEM)等技术,全面地研究了紫外辐照过程中有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池性能变化规律以及电池微结构演化特征。实验结果表明,紫外辐照过程中太阳能电池内部会形成0.5–0.6 V的内建电场,钙钛矿中的I-离子在电场的驱动下向金属Au电极和空穴传输层2, 2’, 7, 7’-四[N, N-二(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]-9, 9'-螺二芴(Spiro-OMeTAD)一侧迁移;随后,空穴传输层与金电极的界面处,碘离子与光生空穴一起与金电极发生反应,将金属态Au氧化成离子态Au+。而Au+离子则在内建电场的驱动下反向迁移穿过钙钛矿MAPbI3层,直接被SnO2和MAPbI3界面处的电子还原形成金属Au纳米团簇。除此之外,紫外辐照过程中钙钛矿太阳能电池性能降低的同时,往往伴随着Spiro-OMeTAD与钙钛矿界面处物质迁移、钙钛矿薄膜内晶界展宽以及Au纳米颗粒周围MAPbI3物相分解等现象。以上各种因素的协同作用,共同导致了紫外光照下有机无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换性能(PCE)、开路电压(Voc)以及短路电流(Jsc)等性能参数的急剧下降。  相似文献   

7.
本文设计了多元混合钙钛矿吸光层涂布液配方,并采用两步法组装了钙钛矿电池器件。由于两步法制备钙钛矿吸光层存在配方和工艺相对复杂的问题,导致电池器件性能难以提升,因此,本文采用正交实验的方法,筛选出影响电池器件性能的关键因素。针对关键因素设计了系列实验,通过观察钙钛矿层薄膜形貌,测试钙钛矿太阳能电池器件的光电性能,并采用多种表征手段研究了钙钛矿层薄膜性质,确定了关键因素的添加量,最后优选出钙钛矿电池吸光层的最佳配方,得到高质量的钙钛矿薄膜,电池的光电转换效率达到21.1%。  相似文献   

8.
有机染料敏化剂分子设计新进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
综述了应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的多吡啶钌配合物、胺类染料、卟啉和酞菁类染料分子设计方面影响其光电转化效率的因素研究及新进展.  相似文献   

9.
Kai WU 《物理化学学报》2017,33(9):1728-1729
正有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料具有可调的直接带隙、高摩尔吸光系数和高载流子迁移率等优异的光电性质~1。基于该类钙钛矿材料的太阳能电池经过短短几年的发展,其能量转换效率几乎能够和传统晶体硅太阳能电池的效率相媲美~2。因此,钙钛矿太阳能电池被研究者们寄予厚望。在电池制备过程中所形成的钙钛矿多晶薄膜往往具有大量的晶界,处于晶界中配位不饱和的卤离子和金属离子会诱导缺陷态的形成~3,从而大  相似文献   

10.
王婷  魏奇  付强  李伟  王世伟 《应用化学》2022,39(9):1321-1344
钙钛矿太阳能电池作为第3代新概念太阳能电池,具有高光电转换效率、低成本和可柔性加工等优点,近年来发展迅速,其光电转换效率从一开始的3.8%增长到近期的25.5%,逐渐比肩硅电池,已接近商业化应用水平。目前,实现钙钛矿太阳能电池产业应用的关键环节在于电池封装,它不仅可以解决钙钛矿光伏器件稳定性问题,还可以实现电池安全、环保和延长使用寿命等要求。结合近十几年来钙钛矿光伏电池封装材料和封装工艺两方面的发展现状,文中介绍了钙钛矿电池封装领域取得的成果和存在的不足,讨论了目前现有封装技术的优缺点,以及它们适用的不同器件类型。着重在不同温度湿度条件下,比较了不同封装材料性能、封装工艺条件对钙钛矿电池效率及稳定性的影响,归纳出影响钙钛矿电池薄膜封装效果的3个关键因素: 聚合物的弹性模量、水蒸气透过率、加工温度。比较了不同聚合物薄膜封装材料适宜的加工温度、优缺点及加工成本。可以看出,随着钙钛矿光伏电池工业化需求的强烈增长和人们对其封装材料研究的不断深入,研究适合大面积生产和光伏建筑一体化的新型功能聚合物封装材料将是必然趋势。  相似文献   

11.
Carbonyl functional materials as additives are extensively applied to reduce the defects density of the perovskite film. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding for the effect of carbonyl additives to improve device performance. In this work, we systematically study the effect of carbonyl additive molecules on the passivation of defects in perovskite films. After a comprehensive investigation, the results confirm the importance of molecular dipole in amplifying the passivation effect of additive molecules. The additive with strong molecular dipole possesses the advantages of enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). After optimization, the companion efficiency of PSCs is 23.20 %, and it can maintain long-term stability under harsh conditions. Additionally, a large-area solar cell module-modified DLBA was 20.18 % (14 cm2). This work provides an important reference for the selection and designing of efficient carbonyl additives.  相似文献   

12.
The 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures have been widely investigated to enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, rational manipulation of phase distribution and energy level alignment in such 2D/3D perovskite hybrids are still of great challenge. Herein, we successfully achieved spontaneous phase alignment of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures by concurrently introducing both 2D perovskite component and organic halide additive. The graded phase distribution of 2D perovskites with different n values and 3D perovskites induced favorable energy band alignment across the perovskite film and boosted the charge transfer at the relevant heterointerfaces. Moreover, the 2D perovskite component also acted as a “band-aid” to simultaneously passivate the defects and release the residual tensile stress of perovskite films. Encouragingly, the blade-coated PSCs based on only ≈2 s in-situ fast annealed 2D/3D perovskite films with favorable energy funnels and toughened heterointerfaces achieved promising efficiencies of 22.5 %, accompanied by extended lifespan. To our knowledge, this is the highest reported efficiency for the PSCs fabricated with energy-saved thermal treatment just within a few seconds, which also outperformed those state-of-the-art annealing-free analogues. Such a two-second-in-situ-annealing technique could save the energy cost by up to 99.6 % during device fabrication, which will grant its low-coast implementation.  相似文献   

13.
全无机钙钛矿太阳电池因其热稳定性好、载流子迁移率高,可用于制备叠层电池等优点备受关注。随着人们对全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的深入研究和制备工艺的持续优化,全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率已经突破19%。然而,全无机钙钛矿材料相稳定性较差,这使得实现全无机钙钛矿太阳电池在空气环境下制备和长期使用面临巨大挑战。众多科研工作者通过分析全无机钙钛矿材料的相变机制,有针对性地提出了包括添加剂工程、界面工程和开发全无机钙钛矿量子点电池等多种方式来改善全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的长期稳定性。本综述从全无机钙钛矿材料与电池的结构、活性层制备方法和稳定性研究三个方面总结了近年来关于全无机钙钛矿太阳电池的研究进展。  相似文献   

14.
The crystallographic defects inevitably incur during the solution processed organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite film, especially at surface and the grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite film, which can further result in the reduced cell performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a simple defect passivation method was employed by treating perovskite precursor film with a hydrophobic tetra‐ammonium zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The results demonstrated that a 2D‐3D graded perovskite interface with a capping layer of 2D (ZnPc)0.5MAn ? 1PbnI3n + 1 perovskite together with 3D MAPbI3 perovskite was successfully constructed on the top of 3D perovskite layer. This situation realized the efficient GBs passivation, thus reducing the defects in GBs. As expected, the corresponding PSCs with modified perovskite revealed an improved cell performance. The best efficiency reached 19.6%. Especially, the significantly enhanced long‐term stability of the responding PSCs against humidity and heating was remarkably achieved. Such a strategy in this work affords an efficient method to improve the stability of PSCs and thus probably brings the PSCs closer to practical commercialization.  相似文献   

15.
The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high efficiency and stability are in great demand for commercial applications. Although the remarkable photovoltaic feature of perovskite layer plays a great role in improving the PCE of PSCs, the inevitable defects and poor stability of perovskite, etc. are the bottleneck and restrict the commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a review provides a strategy of applying aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules, containing passivation functional groups and distinct AIE character, which serves as the alternative materials for fabricating high-efficiency and high-stability PSCs. The methods of introducing AIE molecules to PSCs are also summarized, including additive engineering, interfacial engineering, hole transport materials and so on. In addition, the functions of AIE molecule are discussed, such as defects passivation, morphology modulation, well-matched energy level, enhanced stability, hole transport ability, carrier recombination suppression. Finally, the detailed functions of AIE molecules are offered and further research trend for high performance PSCs based on AIE materials is proposed.  相似文献   

16.
Metal-cation defects and halogen-anion defects in perovskite films are critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a random polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide) (PMMA-AM), was synthesized to serve as an interfacial passivation layer for synergistically passivating the under-coordinated Pb2+ and anchor the I- of the [PbI6]4− octahedron. Additionally, the interfacial PMMA-AM passivation layer cannot be destroyed during the hole transport layer deposition because of its low solubility in chlorobenzene. This passivation leads to an enhancement in the open-circuit voltage from 1.12 to 1.22 V and improved stability in solar cell devices, with the device maintaining 95 % of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 1000 h of maximum power point tracking. Additionally, a large-area solar cell module was fabricated using this approach, achieving a PCE of 20.64 %.  相似文献   

17.
In the lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the redox reaction of I and Pb2+ ions in perovskite materials under the fabrication and operation processes causes the formation of defects to destroy the cell efficiency and long-term stability. Herein, we have employed a Co(II) sulfophenyl porphyrin (CoTPPS) to modify the perovskite film. The sulfonic group could coordinate with Pb2+ to efficiently passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+. Additionally, Co2+ ions in CoTPPS could react with I2 generated under the thermal and light stress to yield the Co3+ and I, thus achieving the regeneration of I in perovskite film. Therefore, the CoTPPS could realize the targeted management of the imperfections in perovskite film. As a result, the modified PSCs reveal the remarkably enhanced cell performance. More importantly, the CoTPPS modified device retains 75% of its initial efficiency value storing at 85°C for 2000 h and about 70% of its efficiency when being continuously illuminated at a simulated sunlight for 1200 h. This strategy tackles the chemical reaction and inhibits the defect generation, thus improving the operational stability and efficiency of PSCs.   相似文献   

18.
Yu  Danni  Hu  Yue  Shi  Jiangjian  Tang  Haoying  Zhang  Wenhao  Meng  Qingbo  Han  Hongwei  Ning  Zhijun  Tian  He 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2019,62(6):684-707
With efficiency of perovskite solar cells(PSCs) overpassing 23%, to realize their commercialization, the biggest challenge now is to boost the stability to the same level as conventional solar cells. Thus, tremendous effort has been directed over the past few years toward improving the stability of these cells. Various methods were used to improve the stability of bulk perovskites,including compositional engineering, interface adjustment, dimensional manipulation, crystal engineering, and grain boundary decoration. Diverse device configurations, carrier transporting layers, and counter electrodes are investigated. To compare the stability of PSCs and clarify the degradation mechanism, diverse characterization methods were developed. Overall stability of PSCs has become one central topic for the development of PSCs. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art progress on the improvement of device stability and discuss the directions for future research, hoping it provides an overview of the current status of the research on the stability of PSCs and guidelines for future research.  相似文献   

19.
Li  Chunling  He  Ruiqin  Liang  Qing  Cao  Jing  Yin  Jun  Tang  Yu 《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1053-1058
The preparation of suitable hole transport material(HTM) is critical to the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs) with low-cost. Herein, a mass producible and soluble copper phthalocyanine decorated with butoxy donor groups(CuPcOBu) was designed as HTM and prepared by a facile two-step synthetic route. To generate high quality HTM film, 4-tertbutylpyridine(tBP) was doped into CuPc-OBu to prepare the film and then removed by annealing. Such a t BP-assisted strategy resulted in the best efficiency of the PSCs with lead trihalide perovskite up to 19.0%(small-area of 0.1 cm~2) and 10.1%(the active area of 8.0 cm~2 for the module device). And the best efficiency of the tin-based PSCs with CuPc-OBu reached to 6.9%.More importantly, the device with CuPc-OBu as HTM revealed the remarkably enhanced stability. This work provides a new strategy to improve the film-quality of free-doping HTMs and enhance the efficiency and stability of Pb-and Sn-based PSCs with low-cost.  相似文献   

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