A New Way to Obtain Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst with High Activity and Selectivity for Methane Dehydro-aromatization 一种制备高活性和高稳定性甲烷无氧芳构化Mo/HZSM-5的新方法

 采用气相化学沉积法对HZSM-5分子筛的外表面进行选择性修饰,然后将它作为载体制备Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂,并应用于甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应. 改性的催化剂比未改性的催化剂表现出更好的甲烷转化活性、芳烃选择性和稳定性,明显地抑制了积碳的生成. 利用核磁氢谱对催化剂进行了表征. 在未经改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中含有1.12个B酸中心, 而在改性后的催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中只有0.61个B酸位. 说明在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中,少量的B酸中心即可达到反应要求,过多的酸性位只会导致更多积碳物种的生成,从而加快催化剂失活速度,降低其稳定性.     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷无氧芳构化反应——HZSM-5分子筛脱铝的影响

采用两种不同的脱铝方法对HZSM-5分子筛进行了预处理,并利用MAS NMR和吸附吡啶的FT-IR对分子筛的结构和酸性质进行了表征,考察了分子筛的脱铝程度对Mo基催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应性能的影响.结果表明,HZSM-5分子筛的酸性过强或B酸量不足,均会导致催化剂严重积炭,但积炭成因不同.母体HZSM-5分子筛上的强B酸中心的存在可促使催化剂上反应中间物种深度脱氢,造成催化剂在反应过程中严重积炭.经水热处理的HZSM-5分子筛,骨架铝脱出严重,造成B酸活性中心不足以及部分微孔阻塞,不利于C2中间物种芳构化,导致芳烃选择性显著降低.经高温N2处理的HZSM-5分子筛,骨架铝脱出相对缓和,在消除母体分子筛上强B酸中心的同时,保留了较多的弱B酸中心,既可满足C2中间物种芳构化反应的需要,又可有效抑制催化剂积炭,导致甲烷芳构化反应性能显著改善.     

N掺杂Mo/HZSM-5催化剂制备及对甲烷无氧芳构化催化性能影响

采用三聚氰胺作为N源,N掺杂改性HZSM-5沸石分子筛后负载Mo活性金属组分,制备了一种用于甲烷无氧芳构化反应(MDA)的催化剂。采用XPS、N_2吸附-脱附、XRD、H2-TPR、TEM和NH3-TPD对催化剂性质和Mo金属组分状态进行了分析表征,并考察了催化剂的甲烷无氧芳构化反应催化性能。结果表明,HZSM-5经过N掺杂改性后,会在分子筛表面生成一层含氮基团,有序调控了分子筛的酸性位点;同时会诱导Mo金属组分在催化剂表面更好的锚定落位。此方法制备的Mo/HZSM-5-CN催化剂能有效提高MDA反应的甲烷转化率和芳烃选择性,减缓了积炭的生成,展现出更优良的催化性能。     

CH_4在Mo/HZSM-5及其改性催化剂上的无氧芳构化(英文)

运用微型固定床反应器装置,研究了Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的Mo载量、金属助剂改性、载体模数对甲烷无氧芳构化反应性能的影响。结果表明,Ni/Mo摩尔比为0.1的Mo-Ni/HZSM-5(SiO2/Al2O3=25)催化性能最好,其稳定性较好,芳烃收率最高可达15.74%;此时甲烷转化率60.24%,芳烃选择性26.13%。     

硅烷化处理对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化活性的影响

 结合催化剂的活性评价及固体高分辨核磁共振谱、X射线光电子能谱和X射线荧光光谱和热重等技术,考察了硅烷化处理对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化活性的影响. 结果表明,采用大分子有机硅烷对HZSM-5分子筛进行硅烷化处理,除去了分子筛外表面的酸性位,并使分子筛本身发生了脱铝. 硅烷化处理使Mo/HZSM-5催化剂在进行甲烷脱氢芳构化反应时催化剂上总的积碳量明显减少,从而提高了催化剂的活性.     

硅烷化处理对Moo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化活性的影响

结合催化剂的活性评价及固体高分辨核磁共振谱、X射线光电子能谱和X射线荧光光谱和热重等技术,考察了硅烷化处理对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷脱氢芳构化活性的影响.结果表明,采用大分子有机硅烷对HZSM-5分子筛进行硅烷化处理,除去了分子筛外表面的酸性位,并使分子筛本身发生了脱铝.硅烷化处理使Mo/HZSM-5催化剂在进行甲烷脱氢芳构化反应时催化剂上总的积碳量明显减少,从而提高了催化剂的活性.     

分子筛的酸处理对Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷无氧芳构化反应性能的影响

 采用HNO3溶液对HZSM-5分子筛进行预处理,并以处理后的分子筛为载体制备了Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂. 结果表明,改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂在甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应中表现出很好的稳定性,显著地抑制了积炭物种在催化剂表面的形成. SEM,XRD和1H MAS NMR等表征结果表明,酸处理在一定程度上降低了HZSM-5分子筛的结晶度,使部分Al物种脱离骨架结构,迁移到骨架外形成新的表面Al羟基,从而使HZSM-5分子筛上B酸中心的数目明显减少. 未经改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中有1.12个B酸位,而改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中仅有0.88个B酸位. 这表明过多的酸性位存留在催化剂上会引起积炭的生成,降低催化剂的稳定性.     

甲烷在Mo/HZRP-1催化剂上无氧脱氢芳构化反应 Ⅰ.Mo/HZRP-1催化剂的催化性能和积炭行为

用高硅含磷五员环沸石分子筛(商品代号HZRP-1)作为载体,制备了Mo/HZRP-1催化剂.与Mo/HZSM-5相比,Mo/HZRP-1对甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应也表现出较好的催化性能.实验过程中,在反应气中添加N2作为内标物,给出包括甲烷在Mo/HZRP-1上的结焦量、转化率及各产物选择性在内的总碳物料平衡计算结果.考察了不同Mo担载量对催化剂性能和积炭行为的影响;重点考察了不同温度焙烧后20%Mo/HZRP-1催化剂的性能和积炭行为.在反应的初始阶段,6%Mo/HZRP-1表现出很高的活性:反应进行30 min时,甲烷转化率为11%,芳烃选择性达81%,而催化剂的结焦选择性仅为12%.BET,NH3-TPD和催化反应等表征结果表明:Mo物种的数量和状态,分子筛的酸强度和酸量以及分子筛的孔道结构是决定甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应性能和积炭行为的关键因素.     

预处理条件对Mo/HZSM-5和Mo-Zn/HZSM-5甲烷芳构化性能的影响

甲烷无氧芳构化 ,具有选择性高、技术简单及产物易分离等特点 ,已引起人们的广泛关注 [1,2 ] .Mo/HZSM- 5是芳构化的良好催化剂 ,为了探讨预处理条件对反应的影响 ,我们对不同预处理条件下的 Mo/HZSM- 5及 Zn改性的 Mo/HZSM- 5催化剂上的甲烷无氧芳构化反应进行了研究 ,并以热重法对催化剂的稳定性进行了表征 .1实验部分1 .1原料和试剂钼酸铵 ( A.R.级 ) ,乙酸锌 ( A.R.级 ) ,铵型ZSM- 5分子筛 (硅铝比为 5 0～ 70 ) .1 .2催化剂制备铵型 ZSM- 5分子筛于 81 3K、空气气氛下焙烧3h,即成 HZSM- 5分子筛 .以一定浓度的钼酸铵溶液…     

Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上甲烷芳构化反应行为的改善-催化剂制备因素及反应物添加剂的考察

考察了6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的不同制备因素对其甲烷芳构化反应性能的影响,包括甲烷气氛下以不同的程序升温速率(从600℃到700℃)预还原催化剂,及采用热溶液(70～80℃)浸渍制备催化剂等方法.在t=700℃,P=0.1MPa,SV=1500mL/(g-cat·h)的反应条件下,发现适当的程序升温速率预还原和热溶液浸渍制备等方法可以改善6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的甲烷芳构化反应性能,提高催化剂的反应活性及稳定性.同时还考察了1.5%二甲醚作为反应物添加剂在不同反应温度、不同Mo担载量的HZSM-5催化剂上的甲烷芳构化反应性能,并与CO2,H2O的反应结果进行了对比.实验结果表明,在P=0.1MPa,SV=1500mL/(g-cat·h)的反应条件下,较高的反应温度及适量增加催化剂Mo担载量有利于进一步改善1.5%二甲醚/甲烷共进料情况下的芳构化反应行为;反应6h后催化剂的TEM照片显示,二甲醚与甲烷共进料改变了催化剂上积碳的形貌.     

Recent progress in methane dehydroaromatization: From laboratory curiosities to promising technology

Direct conversion of methane to benzene or other valuable chemicals is a very promising process for the efficient application of natural gas. Compared with conversion processes that require oxidants, non-oxidative direct conversion is more attractive due to high selectivity to the target product. In this paper, an alternative route for methane dehydrogenation and selective conversion to benzene and hydrogen without the participation of oxygen is discussed. A brief review of the catalysts used in methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) is first given, followed by our current understanding of the location and the active phase of Mo species, the reaction mechanism, the mechanism of carbonaceous deposit and the deactivation of Mo/zeolite catalysts are systematically discussed. Ways to improve the catalytic activity and stability are described in detail based on catalyst and reaction as well as reactor design. Future prospects for methane dehydroaromatization process are also presented.     

Quantum chemical study of C—H bond activation in methane molecule by AuIII aqua chloride complexes

The mechanism of the reactions of methane with the gold(III) complexes [AuCl_x(H₂O)_{4− x} ]^3−x (x = 2, 3, or 4) was studied by the DFT/PBE method with the SBK basis set. High activation barriers obtained for the reactions of [AuCl₄]⁻ and [Au(H₂O)Cl₃] with methane suggest these reactions cannot proceed under mild conditions. The reaction of the [Au(H₂O)₂Cl₂]⁺ complex with methane has a rather low energy barrier and proceeds through the formation of an intermediate complex. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 191–201, February, 2006.     

Calorimetric study of methane interaction with supported Pd catalysts

As supported palladium oxide catalysts present the best performances in methane combustion in lean conditions, microcalorimetric studies of the interaction between methane and palladium oxide or metallic palladium supported on Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ and BN have been performed at 673 K. At this temperature methane reduced the palladium oxide, and the heat of reduction of palladium oxide was shown to depend on the dispersion and on the support. The lowest heats of reduction corresponded to the highest rates of methane combustion. Moreover methane reforming occurred on metallic palladium, producing hydrogen, and again methane decomposition was shown to depend on the support. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Control of the directions of oxidative transformation of methane over nickel-based catalysts by acid-base properties

Two completely different directions of the oxidative transformation of methane (OTM) were performed on nickel-based catalysts due to the different acid-base properties of those catalysts. The relatively acidic LaNiO_x and LiNiLaO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibit excellent Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas (POM) performance. However, the relatively basic LiNiLaO_x catalyst has a good Oxidative Coupling of Methane to C₂ Hydrocarbons (OCM) activity. The basic properties of the catalyst makes it difficult to reduce nickel and keeps it in the oxidized state. Reduced nickel is necessary for POM and oxidized nickel for the OCM reaction.     

NOx—Catalyzed Gas—Phase Activation of Methane： the Formation of Hydrogen

NOx-catalyzed oxidation of methane without a solid catalyst was investigated, and a hydrogen selectivity of 27% was obtained with an overall methane conversion of 34% and a free O2 concentration of 1.7% at 700℃.     

Selective methane oxidation to formaldehyde using polymorphic T-, M-, and H-forms of niobium(V) oxide as catalysts

The investigations of selective methane oxidation to formaldehyde over T-Nb₂O₅, the mixture of M-Nb₂O₅ and H-Nb₂O₅ as well as H-Nb₂O₅ were carried out. The tests were conducted under atmospheric pressure, in the temperature range 420–750°C, using oxygen as the oxidizing agent. T-Nb₂O₅ samples were examined at the contact time 0.7–1.8 s (GHSV 2000–5143 h⁻¹). Other polymorphic forms of niobium(V) oxide were examined at the contact time 0.9 s. Various polymorphic forms of Nb₂O₅ displayed various formaldehyde and carbon dioxide yield. Using H-Nb₂O₅ and M-Nb₂O₅ phases with a block type structure, made it possible to obtain higher formaldehyde selectivity (78 % at 0.9 s) as compared to T-Nb₂O₅ (47 % at 0.9 s), a polymorphic form which does not have a block type structure. However, the highest space time yield of formaldehyde (46 g per kg of catalyst per h) was obtained over T-Nb₂O₅ supported on SiO₂. Presented at the 34th International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 21–25 May 2007.     

Coke formation during high pressure catalytic partial oxidation of methane to syngas

Summary Carbonization of the surface of alumina-based catalysts has been studied with respect to the composition of the catalysts and conditions of the propionitrile ammonolysis. It was shown that the surface concentration of carbon increases with the increase in temperature and with time of the reaction and depends on the catalysts nature in the order: Al-Zr(5)-O < Al-Zr(40)-O < Al-O < Al-Mg-O. The surface concentration of the Brönsted acidic sites follows the same sequence.     

Samarium Based High Surface Area Perovskite Type Oxides SmFe1-XAlXO3 (X=0.00, 0.50, 0.95). Part II, Catalytic Combustion of CH4

The catalytic combustion of methane with stoichiometric amounts of oxygen to CO₂ and H₂O has been studied over samarium based high surface area perovskite type oxides SmFe_1-xAl_xO₃ (x=0.00, 0.50 0.95) prepared via a new sol-gel method. A comparison to other lanthanum perovskites prepared by the ceramic method shows higher catalytic activity for SmFeO₃ and SmFe_0.5Al_0.5O₃ samples.     

Role of iron and copper in particulate methane monooxygenase of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b

The role of iron and copper in particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b is described, and an overview of the enzyme's properties is presented. The pMMO from M. trichosporium OB3b was solubilized in the detergent n-dodecyl--D-maltoside and purified by chromatographic techniques. The enzyme consists of 0.9 iron atoms and 12.8 copper atoms per molecule. The iron site in pMMO may be mononuclear non-heme iron. Copper exists as either copper ion coupled to four nitrogen atoms and/or trinuclear copper cluster wherein copper ions are ferromagnetically coupled.     

大肠杆菌异源表达pMMO活性中心pmoB及生物催化研究

颗粒甲烷单加氧酶（pMMO）是甲烷氧化菌中催化甲烷氧化生成甲醇的一种酶．Methylococcus capsulatus IMV 3021的pMMO活性位点是pmoB亚基,该亚基是一种可溶性蛋白．我们研究将pmoB亚基进行异源表达及生物催化活性的验证．当培养基中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）浓度为5 mmol／L时,可以观察到异源表达pmoB亚基具有催化甲烷氧化成甲醇活性,生成甲醇浓度为1．04 mmol／L．研究pMMO活性对于开发能直接将甲烷转化成甲醇的新型、环保催化剂有非常重要意义．