钠基膨润土吸附亚甲基蓝热力学与动力学研究

利用钠基膨润土吸附亚甲基蓝水溶液,探讨了不同参数如接触时间、初始pH值、温度等对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明,室温下,pH10,钠基膨润土吸附60min,其吸附量达198.71mg/g,且吸附量随温度的升高而增大。通过计算不同温度下的热力学参数?G,?H和?S,证实该吸附为一自发的吸热过程。其等温吸附平衡更符合Langmuir模型;吸附动力学更适合准二级反应方程。     

超细粉煤灰吸附亚甲基蓝的机理研究

以西安西郊热电厂粉煤灰(XFA),西安灞桥热电厂粉煤灰(BFA)和陕西渭河电厂粉煤灰(WFA)为原料,球磨后经旋风分级再用布袋收集逸出物分别得到超细粉煤灰XUFA、BUFA和WUFA。研究了超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学、热力学以及pH值对吸附的影响。结果表明,超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能明显好于原粉煤灰。超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能按顺序为WUFA>XUFA>BUFA。粉煤灰颗粒粒度、比表面积和活性组分(SiO2 Al2O3)含量是影响粉煤灰吸附性能的主要因素。WUFA对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,而XUFA和BUFA对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式。超细粉煤灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附均符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由颗粒内扩散过程控制。当溶液pH由2增加到8时,超细粉煤灰吸附量增加,后随pH值增加,吸附量略有下降。     

活性炭自水溶液中吸附酚的热力学与机理研究

研究了水溶液中活性炭分别吸附苯酚、邻甲酚过程热力学与机理, 测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线。结果表明, 常温下稀溶液中, 苯酚以垂直与平伏混杂取向被吸附, 高浓度时则以垂直取向为主。邻甲酚以平伏聚向被吸附且取向几乎不受浓度变化的影响, 但受温度的影响, 55~60℃时, 吸附情况与苯酚相似。体系的热力学与吸附机理关系密切。垂直吸附的熵变较小, 平伏吸附的熵较大。对产生上述现象的原因, 本文进行了分析讨论, 并由此阐明了其它固-液吸附体系中的一些问题。     

改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝吸附性能及机理的研究

以废弃焦粉为原料,50%硝酸为改性剂,借助JSM、XPS分析测试方法表征其结构。考察了改性焦粉、焦粉对亚甲基蓝吸附性能、吸附平衡等温线、黏附几率和活化能,用Weber-Morris曲线研究吸附机理。结果表明,硝酸改性焦粉是硝酸刻蚀焦粉表面增加孔结构,增大表面积,表面氧化形成较为丰富含氧功能组的过程;改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝吸附性能明显优于焦粉;改性焦粉吸附量随亚甲基蓝溶液浓度、pH的增大而增加;吸附过程符合Langmuir、Freundlich吸附等温式;黏附几率和活化能分别为S=0.1977、2.5635kJ/mol;该吸附过程主要为颗粒内扩散控制的物理吸附。     

碱活化高岭土对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

本研究通过碱活化的方法对天然高岭土进行改性,制备高岭土基吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验考察了其对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为。实验结果表明:与天然高岭土相比,碱活化高岭土的结构发生了明显改变,进而影响了其吸附亚甲基蓝的性能。该吸附过程可以用伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型来描述。由吸附热力学可知,该吸附过程可以自发的进行且为吸热过程。     

芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附及机理研究

以芭蕉芋渣作为吸附材料,探讨了pH值、温度、亚甲基蓝(MB)初始质量浓度、吸附时间等因素对其吸附MB的影响,利用FT-IR、SEM等技术,结合吸附等温线和动力学模型分析研究了其吸附机理。结果表明,芭蕉芋渣能与阳离子染料亚甲基蓝上的正电荷基团之间形成静电引力,从而产生较好的吸附作用,亚甲基蓝的起始浓度在100～5 000 mg/L,吸附量达到185.0 mg/g。随吸附时间的增加,芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的去除率增大,180 min后达到平衡;随着温度的升高,吸附量也增大。芭蕉芋渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用更符合Redlich-Peterson等温模型;该吸附动力学过程可以用准二级模型进行很好的描述,拟合所得的初始吸附速率随着温度的增加而提高。     

NaOH改性稻壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

采用NaOH改性稻壳为吸附剂,探究稻壳在不同条件下对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能.同时利用比表面积测定、扫描电镜、红外光谱等表征手段对改性前后的吸附剂进行物化特性、样品形貌等分析.结果 表明,采用4 wt.％NaOH改性稻壳,亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度为80 mg·L-1、pH为6.0、温度为25℃、震荡时间为12 h、吸附剂用量为...     

氧化石墨烯吸附亚甲基蓝的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学方法研究了亚甲基蓝在不同氧化度的氧化石墨烯表面的吸附行为及其动力学性质, 从微观角度讨论了亚甲基蓝由体相到氧化石墨烯表面的吸附过程及主要作用机制, 并通过亚甲基蓝分子动力学性质解释了氧化石墨烯的氧化度和含氧官能团类型对吸附行为的影响. 结果表明, 吸附过程中, 亚甲基蓝主要受氧化石墨烯表面含氧官能团的静电作用, 以近似垂直氧化石墨烯表面的方向进入, 并以平行的方式吸附于氧化石墨烯表面; 亚甲基蓝不易脱离高氧化度氧化石墨烯的吸附位点; 吸附平衡过程中, 相对于低氧化度的氧化石墨烯, 高氧化度氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝的束缚性更强, 同时与亚甲基蓝间相互作用更强; 含氧官能团中的环氧基与亚甲基蓝间的作用势能更强, 且羟基能够与亚甲基蓝间形成氢键结构, 共同保障了亚甲基蓝吸附层的稳定性.     

硫辛酸修饰钛酸纳米管吸附亚甲基蓝的性能

在水热法制备钛酸纳米管（Titanate nanotubes,TNTs）的基础上,再通过浸渍法将硫辛酸（Lipoic acid,LA）修饰到钛酸纳米管上,得到硫辛酸修饰的钛酸纳米管（TNTs-LA）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X光电子能谱仪（XPS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）等仪器对材料进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附实验评价其吸附性能。结果表明,TNTs-LA对MB的吸附主要集中于前30 min,60 min可达吸附平衡。MB的去除与溶液p H值有关,且符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附过程是一个多种机制共同作用的结果。Langmuir等温模型拟合得出TNTs-LA对MB的最大吸附量为216.98 mg/g,有较高的吸附能力。     

膨润土对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

为将膨润土作为消化道粘膜保护剂提供依据，本文研究了钠质，钙质膨润土对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。研究了在20℃下的吸附动力学，测试了肿附速率常数，绘制了20℃下各型膨润土的吸附等温线，并求得其饱和吸附量。结果表明，20℃时钠质膨润土的吸附速率要快于钙质膨润,各型膨润土的吸附行为符合Langmuir方程，钠质膨润土的饱和吸附量qm为86．51mg/g，与粘膜保护剂思密达比较接近，而钙质膨润土吸附能力相对较弱。     

Enhanced adsorption of roxarsone onto humic acid modified goethite from aqueous solution

The adsorption of roxarsone (ROX) on the humic acid modified goethite (HA-α-FeOOH) was evaluated for several potential environmental factors. Results showed that 1) ROX had a higher adsorption capacity onto HA-α-FeOOH than unmodified α-FeOOH; 2) the adsorption of ROX increased with a decrease in pH; 3) the high ionic strength significantly inhibited the adsorption capacity of HA-α-FeOOH; and 4) a higher temperature yielded greater adsorption, since the process for ROX to be adsorbed by HA-α-FeOOH was a spontaneous endothermic reaction. The maximum adsorption capacity of ROX was found to be 80.71?mg?·?g^?1, when the temperature was 308?K. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of ionic strength and PO₄^3? on the adsorption of ROX onto HA-α-FeOOH were enhanced with an increase in concentration. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. From the infrared spectra of HA-α-FeOOH, it could be deduced that the ROX adsorption onto HA-α-FeOOH was achieved via the ion exchange between the arsenic acid and the carboxyl group on adsorbent, as well as the formation of As-O-Fe bond between Fe-O and arsenic acid ions.     

内蒙胜利褐煤腐殖酸对煤平衡复吸水的影响

研究了褐煤中重要的成分腐殖酸对褐煤水分的影响。测定了内蒙胜利褐煤中腐殖酸含氧官能团的含量,并分析了褐煤、棕黑腐殖酸和残余煤的等温吸附和脱附曲线。通过Dent吸附等温模型研究了褐煤和棕黑腐殖酸第一层吸附和第二层吸附。结果表明,胜利褐煤2/5羧基和1/5羟基是由腐殖酸提供的。棕黑腐殖酸相对褐煤孔径和孔容较小,不利于水簇的形成。腐殖酸对褐煤的复吸水是不利的     

腐植酸对砷的吸附作用研究

腐植酸中含有大量的极性基团,对金属离子有较强的吸附性能。运用氢化物-原子荧光光谱法,以泥炭腐植酸为原料,研究了腐植酸对砷(V)离子的吸附作用和腐植酸吸附剂中砷的回收,并得出了最佳的吸附和脱附条件。实验考察了酸度、时间分别对吸附和脱附的影响。结果表明,泥炭腐植酸对砷吸附的最佳模型为Freundlich吸附方程,当溶液成中性时腐植酸对砷的吸附量较大且趋于平稳。砷的浓度为1μg/mL,溶液的pH值为7,吸附时间控制在55min时,吸附效果最佳,最大吸附率为85.49%。脱附的最佳条件为:pH值14,脱附时间20min。     

Surface-bound humic acid increased rhodamine B adsorption on nanosized hydroxyapatite

In this study, humic acid-bound nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA-nHAP) was developed as a novel adsorbent, and the potential of using HA-nHAP for the adsorption of rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solution as functions of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, ionic strength, and temperature was investigated. The results indicated that the HA binding significantly increased the adsorption of RhB due to the introduction of abundant negatively charged functional groups. The adsorption capacity of HA-nHAP for RhB was found to be pH-dependent, and the optimal pH value was found to be 6.0. The adsorption equilibrium data obeyed Sips and Freundlich isotherms and the kinetic data were well described by the Elovich kinetic model. According to the Sips equation, the maximum adsorption capacity for RhB was 24.12 mg/g. The temperature and ionic strength experiment showed that they both had an effect on the adsorption capacity of HA-nHAP. Thermodynamic study confirmed that the adsorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and more random arrangement process. The present investigation showed that HA-nHAP is a promising adsorbent for the removal of RhB from aqueous solution.     

新型吸附树脂对水中苯的吸附行为

研究表明,苯对人的毒性作用表现在中枢神经系统,65g／m^3的苯可引起广泛的出血导致死亡。反复暴露的低浓度苯主要对血液及造血组织产生毒性作用。根据苯吸入致白血病的流行病学研究数据,采用定量外推法计算出饮用水苯质量浓度为0．01mg/L时终身患癌的超额危险度为10^-5,因此饮用水中的苯的限值为0．01mg／L。因此,有效去除饮水中的苯具有重要的意义。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of bromophenol blue adsorption by a mesoporous hybrid gel derived from tetraethoxysilane and bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane

A mesoporous hybrid gel is prepared with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (TSH) as precursors without using any templating agent. Nitrogen sorption, TG-DTA, FTIR, and point of zero charge (PZC) measurement are used to characterize the gel. The gel has a specific surface area of 695 m(2) g(-1) with a pore size of 3.5 nm, a pore volume of 0.564 cm(3) g(-1), and a point of zero charge (PZC) of 6.2. The kinetics and thermodynamics of bromophenol blue (BPB) adsorption by the gel in aqueous solution are investigated comprehensively. The effects of initial BPB concentration, pH, ionic strength, and temperature on the adsorption are investigated. Kinetic studies show that the kinetic data are well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Initial adsorption rate increases with the increase in initial BPB concentration and temperature. Adsorption activation energy is found to be 62.5-67.5 kJ mol(-1) depending on the initial BPB concentration. Internal diffusion appears to be the rate-limiting step for the adsorption process. The equilibrium adsorption amount increases with the increase in the initial BPB concentration, solution acidity, and ionic strength, but decreases with the increase in temperature. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption isotherms can be well described with Freundlich equation indicating the heterogeneity of the hybrid gel surface. Electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions are suggested to be the dominant mechanism for adsorption.     

A combined experimental and DFT investigation of the adsorption of humic acid by-products on polypyrrole

This study sheds light on the removal of humic acid by-products (trimellitic and pyromellitic acids; TMA and PMA, respectively) from aqueous solution using conducting polypyrrole (PPy) as an effective adsorbent. The effects of experimental factors including contact time, solution pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature were systematically investigated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation with adsorption experimental data. The equilibrium adsorption was well described by the Langmuir model with maximum mono-layer adsorption capacities of 47.62 and 71.43?mg?g^?1 for TMA and PMA, respectively. The analysis of thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. In addition, we investigated the adsorption mechanism using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The TMA and PMA were physisorbed on the PPy surface through the formation of hydrogen bonds between carboxylic groups of adsorbate molecules and the amino group of the adsorbent. The calculated theoretical data were in good agreement with experiments.     

Simultaneous adsorption of copper ions and humic acid onto an activated carbon

In this study, simultaneous adsorption of copper ions and humic acid (HA) from Aldrich onto an activated carbon is investigated. It is found that the HA adsorption in the absence of copper decreases as the pH is increased. It leads to a reduction of 34.7% in the specific surface area of carbon. There exists a critical concentration (CC) of HA for copper adsorption. At HA concentrations < CC, a decrease in copper adsorption is observed; however, the HA improves the adsorption at HA concentrations > CC. An increase in ionic strength can enhance the copper uptake; however, zinc and/or cobalt ions have an insignificant influence on copper adsorption. The adsorption is significantly increased by citric acid, whereas addition of EDTA slightly decreases the uptake. An intraparticle diffusion model is successfully used to describe the copper adsorption kinetics.     

Study on the preparation and adsorption thermodynamics of chitosan microsphere resins

The aim of this research is to study the thermodynamic behavior of resins of chitosan microspheres (RCM) in adsorbing Cu²⁺, so that the theoretical basis of the application of RCM to eliminate metal ions in wastewater or fruit and vegetable juice can be obtained. First, RCM were prepared from chitosan as a raw material by using reverse phase suspension cross-linking polymerization, and some physicochemical properties of RCM were characterized. Second, the adsorption behavior of Cu²⁺ onto RCM was investigated by the batch method. The results show that the diameter of the microspheres was relatively uniform and the surface of microspheres was compacted with pores. The physical properties of the RCM were as follows: water content 51.982%, skeletal density 1.212 g · cm⁻³, pileup density 0.862 g·L⁻¹, porosity was in 0.554 and crosslinking degree was in 13.581%. The saturated adsorption capacity of RCM for Cu²⁺ was 0.993 mmol·g⁻¹. At the same time, the results also indicated that the adsorption of RCM for Cu²⁺ followed the Langmuir isotherm equation: C _e/Q = 11.614 + 1.0075C _e at 313 K and the adsorption appeared to be of the monomolecular type. The adsorption was found through thermodynamic study to be a spontaneous endothermic process of increased entropy. The adsorption potential decreased gradually as Cu²⁺ concentration increased at the same temperature and it increased as temperature increased at the same initial concentration of Cu²⁺. __________ Translated from Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2008, 38(1) (in Chinese)     

Solubility and solution thermodynamics of sorbic acid in eight pure organic solvents

By the gravimetric method, the solubility of sorbic acid in eight solvents including ethanol, 2-propanol, methanol, 1-butanol, ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, acetone and acetonitrile was determined over a temperature range from 285.15 to K at atmospheric pressure. For the temperature range investigated, the solubility of sorbic acid in the solvents increased with increasing temperature. The experimental values were correlated with the linear solvation energy relationship, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model, and Wilson model. On the other hand, the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of dissolution were obtained from these solubility values by using the van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations. The excess enthalpy of solution was estimated on the basis of λh equation. Furthermore, the a priori predictive model COSMO-RS was employed to predict the solubility of sorbic acid in selected solvents and reasonable agreement with experimental values is achieved.