亚硒酸钠通过活性氧(ROS)/谷胱甘肽(GSH)/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX4)轴诱导非小细胞肺癌A549细胞铁死亡

硒作为人体必需的微量元素，具有抗癌作用，但其抗癌机制尚不明确，因此，通过探讨亚硒酸钠是否可以通过铁死亡途径抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖及其肺癌A549细胞发生铁死亡的具体机制。通过细胞增殖实验(CCK-8实验)及细胞计数实验评价亚硒酸钠对A549细胞增殖的影响，通过流式细胞术分析亚硒酸钠对肺癌A549细胞内线粒体膜电位(MMP)及活性氧(ROS)水平的影响，通过亚铁离子检测试剂盒检测亚硒酸钠作用后肺癌A549细胞内亚铁离子含量变化，MDA检测试剂盒分析亚硒酸钠作用后肺癌A549细胞内脂质氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量，分光光度法分析亚硒酸钠对肺癌A549细胞内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)及谷胱甘肽(GSH)的表达影响。研究发现：亚硒酸钠能够显著抑制肺癌A549细胞增殖，且亚硒酸钠抑制肺癌A549细胞的半数抑制率(IC₅₀)为10μmol/L;亚硒酸钠能诱导肺癌A549细胞内ROS过度积累并使细胞内谷胱甘肽耗竭；亚硒酸钠作用后，细胞内线粒体膜电位水平显著降低，MDA含量升高而GPX4蛋白表达下调。研究表明，亚硒酸钠能通过诱导肺癌A549细胞内ROS过度积累，引起细胞内...     

微量元素、抗氧化剂与湿热证的相关性的研究

建立了温病湿热证动物模型，研究了清香散对大鼠微旦元素锌（Zn）、硒（Se)、铜（Cu)和维生素E代谢水平，一氧化氮（NO）含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px)活力变化的影响，并将正常对照组、湿热模型组、清香散治疗组进行两两比较。结果表明，湿热证模型大鼠血清Zn、Se、维生素E、NO含量显著下降，Cu含量显著升高，GSH－Px活力明显降低，经清热祛湿的经验方清香散治疗后，大鼠血清Zn、Se、维生素E、NO含量及GSH－Px活力明显升高，Cu含量明显下降。抗氧化能力下降是湿热证的本质之一，微量元素锌（Zn)、硒（Se)、铜（Cu)在机体内的含量反映了抗氧化酶活性的高低，清香散能显著提高大鼠血液Zn、Ee、维生素E、NO含量及GSH－Px活力，降低Cu含量，恢复其抗氧化能力。     

硒与铅

硒和铅是一对拮抗元素。高秋华发现,喂铅小鼠血和组织中硒浓度显著降低而铅含量显著增加,同时喂硒可使小鼠血、肾、脾中的蓄积铅和MDA显著降低(P<0.01)。阮迪云对发育过程中的大鼠所做的研究也证明,硒可使染铅大鼠肝、脑、血浆和眼球中的铅含量降低到铅处理组的三分之一左右,使肝、脑、血浆的MDA浓度分别下降37％、31％和27％,并可保护铅引起的视觉损伤。高泽宣的研究表明,大鼠醋酸铅[5mg/(kg·d)]染     

高硒情况下维生素E对幼龄大鼠抗氧化作用的研究

研究了高Se或高维生系E下,幼龄大鼠体内抗氧化活性的变化以及高Se下,维生素E对其体内抗氧化水平的影响。将三月龄Wistar大鼠32只随机分成4组：正常饲料组、高Se高维生素E饲料组、高Se饲料组和高维生素E饲料组。饲至十周末,处死大鼠,按试剂盒要求分别取其血液、心、肝、肾制成标本测SOD、CAT活性及MDA、GSH含量。结果表明,高Se或高维生素E下饲养下的大鼠与对照组比较,血液中SOD活性明显下降;维生素E能明显抑制高Se大鼠血液中SOD活性的下降。结论：单独高Se或高维生素E会降低幼龄大鼠的抗氧化活性,而维生素E能明显提高高Se下幼龄大鼠体内抗氧化活性。     

高硒情况下维生素E对老龄大鼠血清中抗氧化作用的影响

研究了高Se或高维生素E下，老龄大鼠体内抗氧化活性的变化以及高Se下维生素E对其体内抗氧化水平的影响。将十二月龄Wistar大鼠32只随机分成4组：（1）正常饲料组；（2）高Se饲料组；（3）高维生素E饲料组；（4）高Se高维生素E饲料组。饲至十周末，处死大鼠，按试剂盒要求取其血液制成血清测GSH－Px,SOD活性，MDA含量。结果表明，高Se或高维生素E下饲养下的大鼠与对照组比较，血清中GSH－Px活性升高（P＜0．05）。SOD活性未见改变，MDA含量分别减少50％和56％，有显著差异（P＜0．01）；维生素E与高Se合用与高Se组比较能进一步同GSH－Px,SOD活性（P＜0．01）。结论：高Se会升高老龄大鼠的抗氧化活性，而与维生素E合用更加升高老龄大鼠血液中抗氧化活性。     

高血脂大鼠摄入富硒饲料对血清中铜,锌,钙,镁含量的影响

将４０只雄性ＳＤ大鼠随机分成两组，采用猪油（Ｌ）或玉粮米油（Ｍ）加胆固醇饲料诱导出大高血脂模型后，再分出两组、分别加入亚硒酸钠（Ｌ－Ｓｅ，Ｍ－Ｓｅ），观察大鼠补硒后血清中锌铜、锌、钙、镁等元素的变化。结果表明，高血脂大鼠补硒后血 锌的含量明显下降，铜／锌比值长高。相关分析显示：血硒水平与血清锌含量呈负相关，各组大鼠血清铜、钙、镁的浓度未观察到显著性差异。     

富锌排铅咀嚼片对铅染毒大鼠的排铅作用

研究了富锌排铅咀嚼片 (RZLR)对实验性铅染毒大鼠的排铅作用。将 48只 1 0 0～ 1 40g雄性大鼠 ,按质量随机分成空白对照组、阳性药物组、模型对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组 ,每组 8只。空白对照组自由饮水 ,其它五组饮用 2 0 0mg/L的醋酸铅水溶液染毒。 3 0d后 ,剂量组以人体摄入量 (按人体质量计 0 1g/kg)的 5、 1 0、 3 0倍经口灌胃 ,阳性药物组灌胃二巯基丁二酸 (DMSA) ,空白对照组和模型对照组每天灌水。一个月后测定血、肝脏及胫骨中的铅含量。结果表明 ,RZLE组与模型对照组相比 ,大鼠血铅、胫骨中铅明显降低 (P <0 0 5 )。按照《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法规范》标准判定 ,富锌排铅咀嚼片有促进动物排铅的作用。     

有氧运动训练对D-半乳糖诱导的亚急性衰老大鼠血管老化的影响

目的探讨游泳运动对大鼠血管抗衰老的影响。方法 30只健康雄性SD大鼠(180~220g)随机分为3组:溶剂对照组(n=10),D-半乳糖组(n=10)和有氧运动+D-半乳糖组(运动组,n=10)。D-半乳糖组和运动组大鼠每日颈部皮下注射D-半乳糖(125 mg/kg),溶剂对照组大鼠每日颈部皮下注射同体积生理盐水,且运动组大鼠每日进行60 min的无负重游泳运动训练,持续8周。以血浆总一氧化氮合成酶(T-NOS)活力,一氧化氮(NO),内皮素(ET)和NO/ET平衡建立血管衰老指标评价体系,并测量主动脉组织超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与溶剂对照组相比,D-半乳糖组大鼠主动脉MDA和血浆ET含量显著升高,而GSH-Px、SOD活力、血浆NO含量和NO/ET比值显著下降。与D-半乳糖组相比,运动组大鼠主动脉MDA含量和T-NOS活力显著下降,GSHPx、SOD、T-NOS活力、NO含量和NO/ET比值显著升高(P0.05),且与对照组相比上述各项指标无显著差异。结论 D-半乳糖皮下注射可诱导大鼠主动脉脂质过氧化反应,血浆NO/ET失衡;适宜的有氧运动能显著增加大鼠血管的抗氧化能力,减少脂质过氧化反应,改善NO/ET失衡,预防血管衰老。     

镁离子、维生素E抗氧化作用的研究

为研究镁离子、维生素E体内外抗氧作用,探讨镁离子抗氧化作用的机制,将3月龄昆明种小鼠70只随机分7组,设正常对照组、氧化对照组、63、42、21mmol／L镁保护组,镁和维生素E保护组,维生素E保护组,饲养10d,腹腔注射0．15％CCl4致小鼠肝损伤,观察镁离子、维生素E对小鼠肝匀浆中MDA、SOD、GSH含量的影响;在肝匀浆中加入FeSO4和H2O2诱导自由基的生成,观察镁离子、维生素E的抗氧化作用。结果表明,镁离子、维生素E能显著降低肝匀浆中脂质过氧化物MDA的含量,对SOD、GSH无明显影响。提示镁离子、维生素E能抑制自由基的生成,促进自由基清除作用。     

基于核磁共振氢谱代谢组学研究黄连解毒汤对胰岛素抵抗大鼠棕色脂肪组织代谢组的影响

采用基于核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)的代谢组学方法,研究了黄连解毒汤(HJD)对高果糖诱导胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型棕色脂肪代谢组的影响.选取Wistar大鼠32只,适应7 d后随机分为正常对照组、模型组、阳性药物对照组和黄连解毒汤组,每组8只.正常对照组给予纯净水喂养,其它3组给予100 g/L的果糖水喂饲.28 d后,4组大鼠除了继续给予100 g/L的果糖水喂养外,阳性对照组和黄连解毒汤组同时分别给予阿托伐他汀10 mg/(kg·d)和HJD水煎剂3.175 g/(kg·d)灌胃,正常对照组和模型组给予一定体积的生理盐水灌胃,整个实验持续56 d.取各组大鼠棕色脂肪组织(BAT),采集各组组织提取液的1H NMR谱,运用主成分分析法(PCA)分析.与正常对照组相比,在模型组中乳酸、胆碱、磷脂胆碱/甘油磷脂胆碱、肌酸/肌酸酐、牛磺酸和肌苷的含量升高,脂质含量降低;黄连解毒汤组逆转了模型组中上述各代谢物的变化,且引起肌醇升高,均具有统计学意义.实验结果表明,黄连解毒汤能够逆转机体能量代谢、减轻细胞膜受损以及降低肝肾损伤,初步阐明了黄连解毒汤对胰岛素抵抗状态下棕色脂肪组织代谢的调控作用.     

亚硒酸钠在L-半胱氨酸自组装类生物膜修饰电极上的电化学行为

利用L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰金电极(L-Cys,Au/SAMs), 在0.05mol/L H_2SO_4 底液中研究了 Na_2SeO_3 的电化学特性.在0.00～1.30 V (vs. SCE) 电位范围内对微量Na_2SeO_3进行循环伏安扫描,发现L-Cys, Au/SAMs修饰电极在峰电位0.89 V处有灵敏的Se的氧化溶出峰.通过比较裸金电极和修饰电极在Na_2SeO_3 溶液中的电化学特性发现,修饰电极通过巯基中的S与Na_2SeO_3发生氧化还原作用生成Se,且修饰电极对沉积在电极表面的Se的氧化过程具有催化作用.根据Na_2SeO_3在单分子膜上的电化学行为,提出了单分子膜中硫(Au-S)与Se(Ⅳ)作用生成Se的反应机理、Se电化学催化氧化机理及巯基化合物通过生成纳米硒生物吸收Se的类生物膜模型.     

Determination of selenium in bread-wheat samples grown under a Se-supplementation regime in actual field conditions

Selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans and animals, yet it is deficient in at least one billion people worldwide. Plants and plant-derived products transfer the soil-uptaken selenium to humans; therefore, the cultivation of plants enriched in selenium can be an effective way to improve the selenium status on humankind. This paper focuses on determining the ability of bread wheat to accumulate selenium after supplementation. One of the methods for supplementing this element in plants is foliar application with selenium solutions. These supplemented crop of wheat samples—bread wheat; Triticum aestivum L.—were used to determine if there is an increase of selenium content in cereal grains by comparing them with cereals cultivated in 2009 and harvested in 2010 with no supplementation. The experiments were done using sodium selenate and sodium selenite at three different selenium concentrations: 4, 20 and 100 g per hectare. Total Se is assessed by cyclic neutron activation analysis (CNAA), through short irradiations on the fast pneumatic system (SIPRA) of the Portuguese Research Reactor (RPI-ITN). The short-lived nuclide ^77mSe, that features a half-lifetime of 17.5 s, was used to determine the Se content in SIPRA. The experiment was successful, since the selenium concentration increased in the cropped grains and reached values up to 35 times the non-supplemented ones.     

Speciation of metabolites of selenate in rats by HPLC-ICP-MS

The metabolic pathway for and metabolites of selenium (Se) administered intravenously to rats in the form of selenate at a dose of 0.3 mg Se kg-1 body weight were studied by speciating Se in the bloodstream, liver and urine by HPLC-inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. Selenate was not taken up by red blood cells (RBCs) and disappeared from the bloodstream much faster than selenite, without any change in its chemical form before it disappeared from the plasma. Selenium excreted into the urine after the administration of selenate showed different patterns from those of selenite in both amounts and chemical forms. With the selenate group, the concentration of Se in urine was highest at 0-6 h and the chemical species of Se was selenate at 0-6 h; thereafter a monomethylselenol-related Se compound (MMSe*) and trimethylselenonium ions (TMSe) appeared, selenate not being excreted after 6 h. On the other hand, in the selenite group, the concentration of Se peaked at 6-12 h, and the chemical species of Se were MMSe* and TMSe. Selenate was reduced in vitro on incubation in either a liver homogenate or supernatant fraction, although much more slowly than in the whole body. Selenate was not reduced by glutathione or dithiothreitol. The results suggest that in contrast to selenite, which is taken up by and reduced in RBCs, and then transferred to the liver, approximately 20% of the selenate administered to rats was excreted into the urine without any change in its chemical form with the present dose, and the major portion of selenate was taken up by the liver, reduced and then utilized for the synthesis of selenoproteins or excreted into the urine after being methylated.     

Affinity of the elements in group VI of the periodic table to tumors and organs]

In order to investigate the tumor affinity radioisotopes, chromium (51Cr), molybdenum (99Mo), tungsten (181W), selenium (75Se) and tellurium (127mTe)--the elements of group VI in the periodic table--were examined, using the rats which were subcutaneously transplanted with Yoshida sarcoma. Seven preprarations, sodium chromate (Na251CrO4), chromium chloride (51CrCl3), normal ammonium molybdate ((NH4)299MoO7), sodium tungstate (Na2181WO4), sodium selenate (Na275SeO4), sodium selenite (Na275SeO3) and tellurous acid (H2127mTeO3) were injected intravenously to each group of tumor bearing rats. These rats were sacrificed at various periods after injection of each preparation: 3 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours in all preparations. The radioactivities of the tumor, blood, muscle, liver, kidney and spleen were measured by a well-type scintillation counter, and retention values (in every tissue including the tumor) were calculated in percent of administered dose per g-tissue weight. All of seven preparations did not have any affinity for malignant tumor. Na251CrO4 and H2127mTeO3 had some affinity for the kidneys, and Na275SeO3 had some affinity for the liver. Na2181WO4 and (NH4)299MoO4 disappeared very rapidly from the blood and soft tissue, and about seventy-five percent of radioactivity was excreted in urine within first 3 hours.     

用相关分析法探讨加硒化肥引起麦粒化学元素含量的变化

在化肥中加亚硒酸钠，培育出的富硒小麦和对照组相比，Ｓｅ、Ｓｒ明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）．     

Incorporation of selenium into selenoprotein P and extracellular glutathione peroxidase: HPLC-ICPMS data with enriched selenite

The metabolic turnover of selenoprotein P (Sel P) and extracellular glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) in plasma was examined by HPLC-ICPMS, with the use of enriched Se, [82Se]selenite. [82Se]selenite was injected intravenously into rats at a dose of 25 micrograms 82Se kg-1 body weight, and the concentrations of labeled 82Se and naturally occurring 77Se in the serum, liver and kidneys were determined in samples obtained 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h after the injection. The distributions of both exogenous (labeled) 82Se and endogenous (naturally occurring) 77Se in serum, and supernatant fractions of the liver and kidneys were determined on a gel filtration column by HPLC-ICPMS. This dose was shown not to affect the constitutive levels of cellular GPx (cGPx), eGPx and Sel P. The labeled Se in Sel P increased soon after the injection, peaked at 6-9 h and then decreased, whereas that in eGPx continued increasing after 6 h post-injection and then throughout the remaining observation period in the bloodstream. These observations demonstrated the rapid and efficient incorporation of Se into Sel P in the liver and excretion into the plasma followed by the slow and steady incorporation of Se into eGPx in the kidneys and excretion into the plasma, with a minimal response of cGPx to selenite injection.     

低硒大骨节病区粮对大鼠组织中超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响

应用低硒大骨节病区粮，病区粮加硒和非病区粮饲料喂养大鼠，测定大鼠血清以及心、肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和肝组织中脂质过氧化物(TBA)含量，观察低硒大骨节病区粮对大鼠体内脂质代谢的影响，结果表明，病区粮组肝组织TBA较病区粮加硒组与非病区粮组显著升高，病区粮加硒组与非病区粮组肝TBA含量无显著性差异，SOD活性变化不明显，这些说明大鼠体内脂质代谢紊乱似与低硒有关，加硒可改善这种代谢。     

Fe（Ⅱ）-矿物对亚硒酸的还原作用

79Se是核反应过程中产生的长半衰期（T1/2=2.95×105年）裂片产物核素,具有化学和辐射双重毒性,是高放废物地质处置中重点关注的几个放射性核素之一.硒的溶液化学性质比较特殊,以高价态形式存在的硒酸和亚硒酸,几乎不受溶解度控制,并难以被黏土或花岗岩等处置库围岩介质所吸附,迁移性极强,而当其以低价态（0、–I、–II）形式存在时,易形成固体沉淀.因此将高价态的硒还原生成沉淀是阻滞79Se迁移的最主要方式.从另一方面讲,Fe（II）-矿物是自然界中普遍存在的具有还原性的物质.本文对近年来国内外在Fe（II）-矿物还原亚硒酸方面开展的研究工作进行了一个回顾,并从热力学的角度,对这些矿物还原亚硒酸的可行性及控制产物生成的因素进行了分析.     

Nondestructive Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging of Trace Elements on Methylmercury and Selenium Administered Guinea Pigs

Abstract

The dynamics of the brain distributions of Hg, Zn, Cu and Se in guinea pigs exposed to methylmercury and selenium were examined by X-ray fluorescence imaging utilizing synchrotron radiation.

Male Hartley guinea pigs were administered methyl mercury chloride and/or sodium selenite every day for ten days (s.c. 3mg as Hg/kg/day, mole ratio Hg:Se=1:1). Two dimensional distributions of Hg, Zn, Cu and Se in guinea pig brain were observed by nondestructive X-ray fluorescence imaging. Using the     

Investigation of the appearance of supplemental enriched Se-76 using the human nail as a dietary monitor

The principal objective of this study was to determine if the use of a stable enriched tracer of Se-76 could be used to determine the delay time between a dietary intake of selenium and its appearance in fingernails and toenails. Selenium is an essential trace element in human nutrition. It has been studied at the Missouri University Research Reactor (MURR) for the past 15 years using an Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique. The principal route of human exposure to selenium is through the diet. Selenium concentrations of nails, blood, hair, and urine have been used as indicators of dietary selenium intake. In this study, a cohort consisting of seven men and five women ingested three selenium supplements of 150 g each over a three day period. The selenium was enriched in Se-76 (96.48%) and ingested as selenite in orange juice following an overnight fast. Fingernails and toenails were collected prior to the selenium supplementation and for several months afterward to be used as biochemical indicators. The peak⁷⁶Se concentration in the fingernails and toenails occurred at 19–23 and 16–32 weeks after supplementation, respectively.