模拟移动床色谱分离技术综述

本文对模拟移动床的建模、模型求解和优化进行了综述,介绍了几种常用的色谱模型以及模型的求解方法和优化策略。在结构优化方面,本文重点介绍了在模拟移动床基础上改进的间歇模拟移动床色谱分离技术。间歇模拟移动床技术通过改变色谱柱的数量来实现分离过程,和常规的模拟移动床技术相比较,它的设计结构简单、成本低,并且比常规的模拟移动床具有更高的分离性能。     

小波神经网络-遗传算法用于2-(9-咔唑)乙基氯甲酸酯衍生化氨基酸的胶束电动力学色谱分离优化

将小波神经网络和遗传算法应用到2-(9-咔唑)-乙基氯甲酸酯衍生化氨基酸的胶束电动力学色谱分离优化。小波神经网络结合正交试验设计用于分离过程的多因素模型建立。以训练好的小波神经网络模型为目标函数,采用实数编码的遗传算法搜寻确定最佳分离条件,在此条件下分离得到的归一化分离度积与正交试验设计中最佳条件相比,提高了12．5％。     

纤维堆囊菌发酵液中埃博霉素含量的HPLC法分析

采用反馈神经网络结合遗传算法(BPANN-GA)对高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时测定纤维堆囊菌(Sorangium cellulosum)代谢物中埃博霉素A(Epo A)和埃博霉素B(Epo B)含量的条件进行优化, 采用均匀设计(U₁₂³)方案对流动相中乙腈的体积分数、色谱柱温度和流动相的pH等3个因素进行实验设计; 以色谱函数(COF)值为优化指标, 运用双层反馈神经网络建立色谱优化函数(COF)值, 考察因素间的预测模型, 采用Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation算法对所建立的神经网络预测模型进行训练, 以逼近度(D_a)为优化参数, 选择预测模型的最适隐含层节点数. 最优预测模型预测的COF值与实验值之间的相关系数(R)达到0.98165, 采用遗传算法在实验考察范围内进行全局寻优, 得到最优化的HPLC分析条件: 流动相中乙腈体积分数为29.2%, 色谱柱温度为34 ℃, 流动相pH为4.23. 在此最优条件下对纤维堆囊菌代谢产物进行HPLC分析, 结果表明, 该方法对两种埃博霉素色谱峰均具有较好的分离度.     

大型工业液相色谱分离山梨醇和甘露醇过程优化研究

本文采用非线性非平衡含轴向扩散色谱数学模型模拟山梨醇-甘露醇同分异构体系大型工业液相色谱分离过程。首先，通过对分离过程进行参数灵敏度分析，确定了被优参数为进料浓度和色谱柱柱长；然后，以山梨醇的产率为目标函数，限定山梨醇的产品纯度和最小回收率，利用改进的单纯形法对分离过程进行两参数优化，分析了不同进料量和流体线速对最优条件的影响。结果表明：进料量和流体线速对回收率和最大产率的影响程度与参数灵敏度分析结果基本一致，从而证明了利用参数灵敏度分析方法选择色谱分离过程被优参数的可行性。本文还对改进的单纯形法寻优过程进行了探讨，构造了单纯形法优化大型液相色谱的基本方法和框图。     

模拟移动床色谱法拆分甲霜灵对映体

模拟移动床(SMB)色谱作为一种精确、高效的制备色谱技术引起研究者的极大关注。本文以EnantioPak OD填料为手性固定相,正己烷-乙醇(70 : 30, v/v)为流动相,在四区模拟移动床上手性拆分甲霜灵外消旋体。采用旋光检测器研究甲霜灵异构体在手性柱上的洗脱顺序;探讨进样浓度、进样流速、各区流速和切换时间等条件对手性分离甲霜灵外消旋体的影响,并与制备色谱进行比较。结果表明:S-(+)-甲霜灵先于R-(-)-甲霜灵被流动相洗脱,R-(-)-甲霜灵在色谱柱上的保留强于S-(+)-甲霜灵;在线性和非线性条件下,模拟移动床都能很好地拆分甲霜灵外消旋体,在优化SMB工艺条件下,S-(+)-甲霜灵和R-(-)-甲霜灵的光学纯度都大于99%;在样品质量浓度为15 mg/mL的条件下,模拟移动床色谱分离的样品量显著高于制备色谱,而流动相消耗仅为后者的1/9。这对于发展大规模色谱拆分甲霜灵工艺具有良好的指导意义。     

不依赖于统计模型的手性毛细管电泳分离多指标同时优化

考虑到手性毛细管电泳分离机理的复杂性，提出了不依赖于统计模型的二进制编码遗传算法多目标优化策略。根据实验参数的多少及其重要性，采用均匀设计安排完成初步实验。并用Derringer功效函数作为多指标同时优化的评价指标，以取得较高的分离度和较快分离速度；通过对实验参数给予编码，转化为二进制字符串，根据得到的总功效函数值大小进行遗传算法操作，产生新的一组实验条件。重复上述过程直到得到最佳分离条件为止。此方法成功地应用于华法令对映体的毛细管电泳分离条件优化。     

β-环糊精包埋联合模拟移动床色谱分离法制备高纯度α-亚麻酸的方法

正申请公布号:CN107556187A申请公布日:2018.01.09申请人:江苏科技大学摘要β-环糊精包埋联合模拟移动床色谱分离法制备高纯度α-亚麻酸的方法,先将原料油转化成游离脂肪酸乙酯,经β-环糊精包埋法除去杂质,之后利用模拟移动床制备色谱对预处理后的脂肪酸乙酯进行分离,得到纯度大于95%的     

模拟移动床色谱在手性药物大规模拆分中的应用

模拟移动床色谱作为手性药物大规模拆分领域中的强有力工具,越来越受到人们的重视,该文介绍了模拟移动床色谱技术的发展情况及其工作原理,对描述模拟移动床色谱分离行为的理论模型和分离操作中操作参数的确定也作了介绍。     

从芝麻中分离芝麻素和芝麻林素的方法

本发明涉及一种超高纯度芝麻素和芝麻林素的分离提取方法,采用超微粉碎和超声波辅助模拟移动床从芝麻中连续分离的方法,以廉价易得的芝麻为原料,经过超微粉碎,超声辅助提取等方法,得到含有芝麻素和芝麻林素的提取液,浓缩得浓缩液,采用价格低廉且无毒的乙醇、水混合溶液作为流动相,以价格低廉的ODS为固定相,使用模拟移动床对浓缩液进行分离,实现了芝麻中芝麻素和芝麻林素的超高纯度的连续分离,使用的流动相价格低廉,且流动相对固定相的腐蚀作用小,延长了色谱柱的使用寿命,适合工业化生产。     

模拟移动床色谱技术研究进展

根据模拟移动床色谱技术的发展历程,对其工艺研发,包括异步切换模拟移动床和间歇式模拟移动床等新型操作工艺,以及模拟移动床色谱反应器等进行了综述。总结了近几年模拟移动床色谱技术在手性化合物拆分和糖醇分离中的应用研究进展;展望了模拟移动床色谱的研究方向和发展趋势。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。