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电容去离子(Capacitive deionization,CDI)技术是一种新型的海水淡化技术,因其具有环境友好、操作简单和能耗低等优势而受到广大研究者的关注。在CDI技术中,电吸附的性能与装置的构型有着密切的联系。本文综述了目前常见的几种CDI装置,包括膜电容去离子(MCDI)、流动电极电容去离子(FCDI)、杂化电极电容去离子(HCDI)、反式电极电容去离子(i-CDI)以及脱盐电池(DB),对这几种装置的发展历程和装置构型进行介绍,最后,对CDI的装置构型在未来的研究发展方向进行了展望,为CDI装置构型在电脱盐领域的研究和应用提供参考。 相似文献
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电容去离子(Capacitive deionization,CDI)作为一种新兴的水淡化和离子分离方法,由于其离子选择性高、水回收率高和能耗低等优点受到广泛关注。与传统的基于碳电极的CDI相比,新兴的法拉第电极通过离子捕获的法拉第反应,提供了使得CDI的脱盐性能大幅提升的独特机会。而过渡金属基电极由于其高度可逆的法拉第响应,相对较高的导电性以及出色的理论赝电容值等优势,在CDI电极设计领域受到广泛关注。本文系统地归纳和梳理了过渡金属基电极在CDI应用中的材料分类,总结了针对其本征缺陷所进行改性工程,主要包括导电材料耦合、功能结构工程和缺陷工程等,并对其在海水淡化中的性能进行了总结;此外,从离子选择性分离、金属离子去除和营养元素回收等方面介绍了过渡金属基电极在CDI中的特定应用。最后,概述了剩余的挑战和研究方向,为未来的过渡金属基电极的开发与研究提供指导。 相似文献
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电容去离子技术(Capacitive deionization,CDI)是一种新兴的脱盐技术,通过在电极两端施加较低的外加电场除去水中的带电离子和分子,由于其较低的能耗和可持续性而备受关注。基于储能电池领域近年来的迅猛发展,CDI电极材料实现了从以双电层作用机理为代表的碳材料到法拉第电极材料的跨越,使得脱盐性能有了大幅度提升。Na+的去除与Cl-的去除同等重要,然而,CDI中针对氯离子高效去除的电极材料研究关注较少。本文从CDI装置的构型演变发展出发,系统地归纳与梳理了CDI中关于脱氯电极材料的分类,对比了不同类型脱氯电极材料的特点,并总结了Cl-去除的机理,分别为基于双电层的电吸附、转化反应、离子插层和氧化还原反应。本文是首篇关于CDI阳极材料的进展综述和展望,为CDI除氯电极的后续研究提供理论基础和研究思路。 相似文献
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电容去离子(CDI)是一种通过静电力作用将离子从水中去除的技术,电极是整个装置中为最为核心的部件,石墨烯因具有优异的导电性和巨大的比表面积等优势成为当前CDI电极材料的研究热点之一。目前对于CDI石墨烯电极的研究主要集中于石墨烯电极的合成,然而有关CDI性能与石墨烯电极制作工艺及电极材料自身结构之间的关系,缺少相关综述。本文系统介绍了CDI的基本原理与性能指标,综述了石墨烯电极材料的研究进展与电极制作工艺,重点分析、归纳和总结了石墨烯材料的特性(孔隙结构、导电性、亲疏水性)对CDI性能的影响,最后对CDI中石墨烯电极材料今后的发展进行了总结和展望。 相似文献
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目前,太阳能海水淡化领域通过光子管理、纳米尺度热调控、开发新型光热转换材料、设计高效光吸收太阳能蒸馏器等方法实现了界面太阳能驱动蒸汽生成,这种绿色、可持续的脱盐技术已成为近年来的研究热点。碳基材料如碳纳米管、石墨烯、炭黑、石墨等都有涵盖整个太阳光光谱的光吸收能力,是一类新型的光热转换材料。本文通过对材料进行微结构设计,使用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术,在不锈钢网状骨架上生长碳纳米管形成光热转换活性区,以实现高效光吸收、光热转换,并进一步设计了房屋型太阳能蒸发器,其中盐水表面被微米网状-碳纳米管蒸发膜覆盖,利用光热转换过程产生的热量驱动重盐水中的水蒸发产生水蒸气,最后对水蒸气进行冷凝回收实现脱盐。实验结果表明,当光照强度为1个太阳光(1 kW·m~(-2))时,膜表面温度迅速升高并稳定于84.37°C,对于重盐水(100 g·L~(-1) NaCl)的脱盐率达到99.92%,可实现稳定持续的重盐水脱盐。这种方法可用于构建多孔界面光热转换脱盐系统,对设计界面光蒸汽转化膜材料及器件,实现规模化海水淡化具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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用于海水脱盐的太阳能界面蒸发装置因其绿色环保、简单高效以及适用范围广等优点,受到了广泛关注。与传统的体积式蒸发装置不同,太阳能界面蒸发装置将太阳光的收集和蒸汽的产生锁定在空气-水的界面,无需从底部加热整体水来产生蒸汽,极大提高了能源利用效率。本文详细介绍了太阳能界面水蒸发装置的重要组成部分——光热材料的光热转换机理、材料种类以及材料的性能;探讨了高效海水净化太阳能蒸发装置的设计策略(增强光吸收、充足水供应、耐盐排盐等)。在此基础上,总结了基于界面蒸发中的太阳能蒸发装置的研究进展,展望了新型太阳能蒸发装置在海水净化领域的发展前景。 相似文献
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碳四烷基化油是车用汽油的理想调和组分,其在汽油中的调和比例伴随汽油质量标准的升级而不断提升.中国石油大学(北京)从2000年开始选定氯铝酸离子液体碳四烷基化研究方向,逐步完成了催化剂研发、离子液体碳四烷基化技术开发与工业示范.研究了氯铝酸离子液体的组成、结构及其催化性能之间的关系,设计合成了兼具高活性和高选择性的复合离子液体催化剂.研究了复合离子液体催化剂的失活机理,开发了催化剂再生方案以及氯铝酸离子液体Lewis酸活性的监控方法,在中试装置上进行了2个月的长周期运行试验,初步完成了复合离子液体碳四烷基化技术的工艺开发.研发了新型的静态混合反应器与旋液分离器,设计建成了包含原料处理、烷基化反应、催化剂再生、产品分离与精制4个系统的工业装置,并获得了优异的工业运行结果.复合离子液体碳四烷基化技术实现了产品和工艺的双绿色化,有着良好的应用前景和推广价值. 相似文献
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Dr. Sushil Kumar Najat Maher Aldaqqa Dr. Emad Alhseinat Dr. Dinesh Shetty 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2023,62(35):e202302180
Recent years have seen the emergence of capacitive deionization (CDI) as a promising desalination technique for converting sea and wastewater into potable water, due to its energy efficiency and eco-friendly nature. However, its low salt removal capacity and parasitic reactions have limited its effectiveness. As a result, the development of porous carbon nanomaterials as electrode materials have been explored, while taking into account of material characteristics such as morphology, wettability, high conductivity, chemical robustness, cyclic stability, specific surface area, and ease of production. To tackle the parasitic reaction issue, membrane capacitive deionization (mCDI) was proposed which utilizes ion-exchange membranes coupled to the electrode. Fabrication techniques along with the experimental parameters used to evaluate the desalination performance of different materials are discussed in this review to provide an overview of improvements made for CDI and mCDI desalination purposes 相似文献
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《Journal of Energy Chemistry》2016,(3)
Electrochemical water treatment is an attractive technology for water desalination and softening due to its low energy consumption. Especially, capacitive Deionization(CDI) is promising as a future technology for water treatment. Graphene(rGO) has been intensively studied for CDI electrode because of its advantages such as excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area. However, its 2D dimensional structure with small specific capacitance, high resistance between layers and hydrophobicity degrades ion adsorption efficiency. In this work, we successfully prepared uniformly dispersed Fe_3O_4/rGO nanocomposite by simple thermal reactions and applied it as effective electrodes for CDI. Iron oxides play a role in uniting graphene sheets, and specific capacitance and wettability of electrodes are improved significantly;hence CDI performances are enhanced. The hardness removal of Fe_3O_4/rGO nanocomposite electrodes can reach 4.3 mg/g at applied voltage of 1.5V, which is 3 times higher than that of separate r GO electrodes.Thus this material is a promising candidate for water softening technology. 相似文献
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Relation between the charge efficiency of activated carbon fiber and its desalination performance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Huang ZH Wang M Wang L Kang F 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2012,28(11):5079-5084
Four types of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with different specific surface areas (SSA) were used as electrode materials for water desalination using capacitive deionization (CDI). The carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and N(2) adsorption at 77 K, and the CDI process was investigated by studying the salt adsorption, charge transfer, and also the charge efficiency of the electric double layers that are formed within the micropores inside the carbon electrodes. It is found that the physical adsorption capacity of NaCl by the ACFs increases with increasing Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of the fibers. However, the two ACF materials with the highest BET surface area have the lowest electrosorptive capability. Experiments indicate that the charge efficiency of the double layers is a key property of the ACF-based electrodes because the ACF material which has the maximum charge efficiency also shows the highest salt adsorption capacity for CDI. 相似文献
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海水淡化是解决人类淡水资源匮乏的一个重要途径。现有的海水淡化技术存在设备体积大、海水淡化成本高等问题。本研究采用聚二甲基硅氧烷( PDMS)制备了基于离子浓差极化原理的海水淡化器件,采用盐溶液模拟海水,进行盐离子和水分子分离的研究。研究了不同的外加电压、盐溶液在通道中的流动速度、盐溶液通道深度和Nafion纳米通道的深度等实验条件和结构参数对微流控器件分离盐离子和水分子的影响。对微流控器件的结构参数进行了优化。实验结果表明,采用外加电压为25 V、盐溶液流速为4μL/min、盐溶液通道深宽比为1:20、Nafion纳米通道深度为450~500μm的微流控器件进行盐溶液分离,除盐率可达到99%。研究结果对于开发新型高效、低能耗的海水淡化器件有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Chuxin Lei Youhong Guo Weixin Guan Guihua Yu 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2021,59(24):3084-3099
Solar-based desalination or water purification is regarded as one of the promising solutions to global water scarcity as the only energy input is abundant and sustainable solar light. Interfacial solar vapor generation (SVG), which converts natural sunlight into clean water vapor, has attracted extensive research interests due to its high-energy utilization efficiency and simple implementation. With tunable molecular structures and tailorable physical properties, polymers have demonstrated great potential as candidate materials for solar evaporators. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on polymer materials for solar-powered water purification. First, we present functional polymers with highly tunable molecular composition and morphology as high-efficiency solar absorbers. Next, the recent development of various polymeric materials and structural engineering strategies for adequate water supply and efficient thermal management are discussed, along with their excellent desalination and purification performance. Last, we outline the challenges and future directions on the further development of polymer materials for solar water purification technologies. 相似文献
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Malachi Noked Abraham Soffer Doron Aurbach 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2011,15(7-8):1563-1578
Carbonaceous materials are widely used in electrochemistry. All allotropic forms of carbons??graphite, glassy carbon, amorphous carbon, fullerenes, nanotubes, and doped diamond??are used as important electrode materials in all fields of modern electrochemistry. Examples include graphite and amorphous carbons as anode materials in high-energy density rechargeable Li batteries, porous carbon electrodes in sensors and fuel cells, nano-amorphous carbon as a conducting agent in many kinds of composite electrodes (e.g., cathodes based on intercalation inorganic host materials for batteries), glassy carbon and doped diamond as stable robust and high stability electrode materials for all aspects of basic electrochemical studies, and more. Amorphous carbons can be activated to form very high specific surface area (yet stable) electrode materials which can be used for electrostatic energy storage and conversion [electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLC)] and separation techniques based on electro-adsorption, such as water desalination by capacitive de-ionization (CDI). Apart from the many practical aspects of activated carbon electrodes, there are many highly interesting and important basic aspects related to their study, including transport phenomena, molecular sieving behavior, correlation between electrochemical behavior and surface chemistry, and more. In this article, we review several important aspects related to these electrode materials, in a time perspective (past, present, and future), with the emphasis on their importance to EDLC devices and CDI processes. 相似文献