杜仲胶研究新进展

本文从和天然橡胶对比开始,对杜仲胶作了简要介绍;根据杜仲胶链结构的三大特征:双键,柔性及反式链结构,及其在橡胶一塑料材料谱中的特殊位置,对杜仲胶结构与性能的关系进行了讨论,作者指出:由于杜仲胶硫化过程三阶段特征的揭示,而通过与橡胶,塑料进行多途径共混,又可获得广性能的材料,从而使杜仲胶研究进入材料工程学新阶段。文中用图示描述了杜仲胶硫化弹性网络的非无规线团模型,并指出:其弹性来自分布于整个网络中各交联点的备向同性构象记忆。     

杜仲胶改性高聚物的研究进展

介绍了杜仲胶结构、性能特点、来源以及弹性体的应用研究现状。杜仲胶的结构主要是反式1,4聚异戊二烯,为具有结晶性的有序柔性链;具有耐老化性能好、生热低、耐磨及耐疲劳性能好,结晶状态下具有形状记忆功能等性能特点。其来源主要包括天然提取和人工合成。论文综述了杜仲胶改性塑料及杜仲胶改性沥青、极性与非极性橡胶以及制备记忆材料的性能的研究进展,重点阐述了杜仲胶与极性橡胶与非极性橡胶共混研究。同时,展望了杜仲胶在工业领域的应用。     

天然高分子材料——杜仲胶的研究进展

概述了国内外有关杜仲胶的研究概况.首先介绍了杜仲胶的提取方法、分子结构及生物合成机理.接着介绍了杜仲胶结晶特性,如晶型的确定、制备方法及晶型之间的相互转化,结晶熔点及结晶焓,结晶速度及影响结晶速度的条件.然后重点介绍了本小组近年来有关杜仲胶应用方面的研究,如杜仲胶硫化三阶段,弹性临界转变规律,杜仲胶受温度控制的两个活跃...     

一种古老而又年轻的天然高分子—杜仲胶

本文简述了杜仲胶的开发史及资源情况。指出,杜仲胶高弹性体的出现,是其研究开发进入新阶段的标志。指出临界交联度是杜仲胶获得高弹性的关键概念。这种由有序柔性链组成的大分子网络,其高弹性不宜用分子链无规线团的贡献来解释,而是由于大分子网络的整体无序性。     

不同交联度的杜仲胶的红外光谱研究

研究了不同交联度的杜仲胶在室温及加热后红外光谱的变化规律．发现在室温下测定的样品红外光谱在低波数内对应链段变形振动的几个特征峰、加热后会消失或弥散，而交联度的改变对其影响不大，即使材料中结晶完全消失而变成高弹态．因此，推测这些特微峰的存在，应该和杜仲胶弹性网络中交联点间链段存在着明显的构象规整性有关．     

药物微胶囊壁材研究进展

药物微胶囊在药物的缓控释放等方面有着广阔的应用前景,因而近年来正成为农药、医药新剂型领域研究的热点之一。开发有竞争力的微胶囊壁材是当前药物微胶囊研究领域的一个重要课题。本文从天然高分子材料、全合成高分子材料、半合成高分子材料及无机材料4个方面综述了药物微胶囊壁材研究与应用的最新进展,着重阐述了明胶-阿拉伯胶、壳聚糖-海藻酸钠、环糊精及其衍生物、聚乳酸及其共聚物、脂肪族聚碳酸酯等生物可降解高分子材料作为药物微胶囊壁材的研究进展。     

聚氨酯/环氧树脂IPN复合抛光材料的制备及性能研究

本研究采用聚氨酯与环氧树脂(PU/EP)作为胶黏剂形成互穿网络(IPN),以无机磨料和稀土抛光剂为分散相,通过一定的成型工艺制备成复合抛光材料。通过固化前后的红外光谱,分析了PU、EP两者之间的反应;热重分析表明PU/EP IPN复合抛光材料的耐热性能比纯的PU和EP有显著提高;体视显微镜照片显示该复合抛光材料具有微孔结构;力学及应用性能研究显示当胶黏剂含量为25%时性能最佳;且在PU/EP=2时,抛光后的玻璃透光率保持原有的97%,且耐磨性得到大幅度提高。     

聚合物孔材料的合成与应用

近年来,有关聚合物孔材料的合成及应用研究日趋活跃,已成为现代材料学研究领域的一大热点。本文分别对微孔、介孔和大孔聚合物孔材料的主要合成方法,如胶态晶体模板法、Track-eteh膜模板法、悬浮聚合法和超临界快速降压法等方法,以及聚合物孔材料在传感器材料的合成、化学分离等领域的应用进展情况进行了综述。     

高反式1,4-聚异戊二烯合成的新方法

<正> 反1,4-链节含量接近100％的聚异戊二烯(TPI)具有天然杜仲胶或古塔胶的结构和性能,结晶熔点60—65℃,被认为是作为形状记忆功能材料,如医用矫形材料、各种温敏变形材料的最理想聚合物。关于TPI的合成路线,国外报道主要有V体系(VCl_3/AlEt_3及其负载改性型)和V-Ti混合体系(VCl_3/β-TiCl_3/AlEt_3和Ti(OR)_4/     

先进光刻材料

随着半导体产业的技术发展与进步,芯片制造在摩尔定律的推动下也在不断向先进工艺节点推进。与此同时,我们迫切需要开发与之相匹配的光刻材料来满足光刻图形化的快速发展需求。本文从光刻材料的成分和性能出发,介绍了光刻图形化技术所用的从紫外光刻胶、深紫外光刻胶、极紫外光胶、共轭聚合物光刻材料到导向自组装光刻材料,分析了光刻材料的发展现状,最后总结全文并对国内光刻材料的未来发展趋势进行展望。     

Macromolecular dimensions and mechanical properties of monolayer films of Sonorean mesquite gum

Mesquite gum sourced from Prosopis velutina trees and gum arabic (Acacia spp.) were characterized using light scattering and Langmuir isotherms. Both gum materials were fractionated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, yielding four fractions for both gums: FI, FIIa, FIIb and FIII in mesquite gum and FI, FII, FIIIa and FIIIb in gum arabic. In mesquite gum, the obtained fractions had different protein content (7.18-38.60 wt.-%) and macromolecular dimensions (M approximately 3.89 x 10(5)-8.06 x 10(5) g.mol(-1), RG approximately 48.83-71.11 nm, RH approximately 9.61-24.06 nm) and architecture given by the structure factor (RG/RH ratio approximately 2.96-5.27). The mechanical properties of Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface were very different on each gum and their fractions. For mesquite gum, the most active species at the interface were those comprised in Fractions IIa and IIb and III, while Fraction I the pi/A isotherm lied below that of the whole gum. In gum arabic only Fraction III developed greater surface pressure at the same surface per milligram of material than whole gum. This is rationalized in terms of structural differences in both materials. Mesquite gum tertiary structure seems to fit best with an elongated polydisperse macrocoil in agreement with the "twisted hairy rope" proposal for arabinogalactan proteoglycans.     

Development of clenbuterol reference materials: lyophilized bovine eye samples free of clenbuterol (CRM 673) and containing clenbuterol (CRM 674)

The certification by inter-laboratory testing of two candidate reference materials (RMs) for the mass concentration of the anabolic agent clenbuterol in bovine eye material is described: RM 674 with ca 10 microg clenbuterol per kg of eye matrix and RM 673 clenbuterol-free eye matrix as the negative control (<0.50 microg kg(-1)). Both candidate RMs were certified by eleven EU laboratories, and sixty-six accepted replicate measurements were included in the "Certification Study". The precision of the measurement process was assessed by calculation of the standard variation determined within each laboratory during the certification step. The study was performed according to the "Guidelines for the production and certification of BCR reference materials" and to "ISO guide 31, 33, and 35". The certified clenbuterol mass concentration for clenbuterol-free eye material CRM 673 (calculated on the basis of clenbuterol as the free base) was <0.50 microg kg(-1). The corresponding concentration for clenbuterol-containing eye material CRM 674 was 9.42 +/- 0.88 microg kg(-1). These certified values are very close to the desired target concentration of <0.5 microg kg(-1) and ca 10 microg kg(-1). This study has demonstrated that successful certification of clenbuterol-containing and clenbuterol-free bovine eye materials is possible.     

Progress in small-molecule luminescent materials for organic light-emitting diodes

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) have been extensively studied since the first efficient device based on small molecular luminescent materials was reported by Tang. Organic electroluminescent material, one of the centerpieces of OLEDs, has been the focus of studies by many material scientists. To obtain high luminosity and to keep material costs low, a few remarkable design concepts have been developed. Aggregation-induced emission(AIE) materials were invented to overcome the common fluorescence-quenching problem, and cross-dipole stacking of fluorescent molecules was shown to be an effective method to get high solid-state luminescence. To exceed the limit of internal quantum efficiency of conventional fluorescent materials, phosphorescent materials were successfully applied in highly efficient electroluminescent devices. Most recently, delayed fluorescent materials via reverse-intersystem crossing(RISC) from triplet to singlet and the "hot exciton" materials based on hybridized local and charge-transfer(HLCT) states were developed to be a new generation of low-cost luminescent materials as efficient as phosphorescent materials. In terms of the device-fabrication process, solution-processible small molecular luminescent materials possess the advantages of high purity(vs. polymers) and low procession cost(vs. vacuum deposition), which are garnering them increasing attention. Herein, we review the progress of the development of small-molecule luminescent materials with different design concepts and features, and also briefly examine future development tendencies of luminescent materials.     

浅谈聚氨酯产业现状与发展趋势

聚氨酯材料是一类广泛应用的高分子材料,本文针对目前我国聚氨酯制品的广泛应用及其产业的迅猛发展,预测了国内聚氨酯三大基础原料甲苯异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚醚多元醇(PPG)的未来产能,同时从我国人口总量的优势、交通运输业的增长、建筑节能的新需求、休闲市场的新发展及医用材料的应用等几个方面分析了未来拉动聚氨酯产业发展的几大因素,指出国内聚氨酯产业的发展趋势。     

Encapsulation of Flavors in Emulsions for Beverages

Though stable in dilute form for very long periods of time, simple mono-emulsifier flavor emulsions based on gum acacia or modified starch are fairly limited in their ability to provide functionality beyond simple dispersion. This review highlights many of the enhancements on traditional emulsions, ranging from new materials to novel combinations of materials and processes. The development of more sophisticated dispersion technologies employing complex mixtures of biopolymers as well as low molecular weight surfactants, and novel multilayered interfacial structures, is on an intersecting course with a growing need for enhanced emulsion functionality in beverages, such as controlled release, protection, taste masking, and targeted delivery. Novel raw materials, molecular assemblies, processes and applications are discussed in this review.     

Identify crystal structures by a new paradigm based on graph theory for building materials big data

Material identification technique is crucial to the development of structure chemistry and materials genome project. Current methods are promising candidates to identify structures effectively, but have limited ability to deal with all structures accurately and automatically in the big materials database because different material resources and various measurement errors lead to variation of bond length and bond angle. To address this issue, we propose a new paradigm based on graph theory(GTscheme) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of material identification, which focuses on processing the "topological relationship" rather than the value of bond length and bond angle among different structures. By using this method, automatic deduplication for big materials database is achieved for the first time, which identifies 626,772 unique structures from 865,458 original structures.Moreover, the graph theory scheme has been modified to solve some advanced problems such as identifying highly distorted structures, distinguishing structures with strong similarity and classifying complex crystal structures in materials big data.     

Damping performance of Eucommia ulmoides gum

Eucommia ulmoides gum(EU gum),known as gutta percha in Southeast Asia,is a natural polymer with double characteristics of rubber and plastic.In present paper,tanδ-T curve and hysteresis loss(HL) were chosen to characterize its damping property.The results indicated that its tanδvalue would increase with rising of temperature when T>0℃and form another damping peak at 40-80℃besides T_g peak.This phenomenon resulted from meltage of crystals of EU gum could increase its damping property at ambient-high temperature.Its tanδvalue even exceeded those of conventional damping rubbers,such as nitrile-butadiene rubber(NBR) and chlorinated isobutene-isoprene rubber(CIIR).     

基于氟硅烷改性UIO-66-OH的疏水金属有机骨架材料的制备及在灰岩类石质文物保护中的应用

疏水材料的研制一直是石质文物保护工作中的难点问题。本工作制备了一种新型疏水金属有机骨架（MOF）材料,即采用氟硅烷修饰含有2-羟基对苯二甲酸桥联配体的Zr-MOF以获得UIO-O-FS材料,并对材料进行了FTIR、X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、热重、扫描电镜和透射电镜等表征分析以及抗侵蚀试验。试验结果表明,该材料具有良好的疏水性、固结性、耐酸性和耐盐性,是一种新型石质文物保护材料。     

基于氟硅烷改性 UIO-66-OH的疏水金属有机骨架材料的制备及在灰岩类石质文物保护中的应用

疏水材料的研制一直是石质文物保护工作中的难点问题。本工作制备了一种新型疏水金属有机骨架(MOF)材料,即采用氟硅烷修饰含有2-羟基对苯二甲酸桥联配体的Zr-MOF以获得UIO-O-FS材料,并对材料进行了FTIR、X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、热重、扫描电镜和透射电镜等表征分析以及抗侵蚀试验。试验结果表明,该材料具有良好的疏水性、固结性、耐酸性和耐盐性,是一种新型石质文物保护材料。