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1.
林悦  刘倩  林振宇  江桂斌 《分析测试学报》2018,37(10):1139-1146
有机纳米材料是指基于脂质、蛋白、多糖及有机高分子聚合物的新型纳米材料。近年来,随着纳米科技的发展,有机纳米材料已被广泛应用于食品、农业、生物医药等行业中。虽然有机纳米材料独特的性质使其具有很大的应用潜力,但同时也存在潜在的健康风险。一些难降解的有机纳米粒子能够通过人类活动被排入环境中,并在生物体中不断累积。因此,有机纳米材料的安全性研究日益受到重视,对其分析表征方法也提出了新的要求。目前对有机纳米材料的分析主要包括样品处理、分离、表征、检测等步骤,其中主要涉及过滤、离心、电镜、色谱、光谱、质谱等技术。该文综述了目前有机纳米材料的应用及其分析方法的研究进展,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

2.
在表面活性剂溶液中制备不同形貌的芘纳米材料   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用水溶液中表面活性剂分子和有机小分子间的相互作用,成功地制备了具有不同形貌的芘纳米颗粒和纳米棒.对其进行吸收光谱和荧光光谱等光物理行为的研究发现,不同形貌的纳米材料展现出不同的光学性质.同时对纳米材料的形成机制做了初步的分析和讨论.  相似文献   

3.
光动力治疗是新兴的非侵入性癌症治疗方法。纳米材料以其独特的结构以及光物理、光化学性质成为可用于光动力治疗的光敏剂。根据纳米材料的不同种类,分别对无机非金属纳米材料、无机金属纳米材料、有机小分子纳米材料以及有机聚合物纳米材料等的构建策略及其在光动力治疗肿瘤中的应用进行综述。展望了纳米材料在未来肿瘤光动力治疗中的挑战和发展方向。为新一代纳米光敏剂的构建提供创新思路,并扩展其在癌症治疗中的潜力。  相似文献   

4.
氟化物纳米材料由于其独特的光、电、磁等性质,在光学器件、生物标记等领域具有广泛的应用,已成为材料科学领域研究的热点之一,尤其是稀土金属氟化物。合成氟化物纳米材料的方法多种多样,已成功制备出了球形纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米花、复合结构纳米晶、核壳结构纳米材料等。本文主要列举了几种常见的稀土氟化物,重点对其合成以及应用进行了综述,并结合其特点,进行了展望。  相似文献   

5.
氨基酸等生物大分子作为一种特殊的表面活性剂,在合成特殊形貌纳米材料方面具有很大的应用潜力.本文综述了使用多种氨基酸辅助合成的不同形貌的纳米材料,包括一维纳米材料、雪花状纳米结构、三维纳米球等,并对生物科学和化学学科间的交叉发展进行了展望.  相似文献   

6.
锂离子电池纳米材料研究   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
报道了作者最近在俚离子电池纳米材料方面的研究工作。包括纳米负极材料(如Sb,SnSb,CuSn及Si),纳米正极材料(如CuS)合成,电化学性质,以及纳米材料的晶体结构与形貌在充放电过程中的变化等研究。此外还报道了具有纳米尺度阴离子的锂盐的聚合物电解质中的增塑作用以及纳米硅Raman光谱和光致发光谱受电化学锂掺杂的影响。最后对纳米材料的本征性质与其电化学性质的关系进行了讨论。并对其在锂离子电池中的  相似文献   

7.
稀土氟化物微纳米材料制备方法的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
稀土氟化物纳米材料由于其特殊的光、电、磁性质,在光学器件、显示、生物标记、光学晶体等领域有着广泛的应用,已成为材料科学领域的研究热点之一。目前研究者已用沉淀法、微乳液法、水热与溶剂热法、溶胶-凝胶法、微波法、超声波法、前驱体热解法、静电纺丝法等成功地制备出了纳米颗粒、纳米线、纳米膜、多面体纳米晶、复合结构纳米晶、核壳结构纳米材料等稀土氟化物纳米材料。本文总结了上述几种制备方法的研究进展,讨论了其优缺点,并结合课题组在稀土氟化物纳米材料制备方面的工作,对纳米稀土氟化物制备方法的发展方向做了展望。  相似文献   

8.
水热法合成一维纳米材料的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
一维纳米材料由于其独特的物理、化学性质和在探针、器件等方面的巨大潜在应用,引起了人们广泛关注.水热法是合成纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米管和纳米电缆等一维纳米材料的有效方法.本文慨述了国内外利用水热法制备一维纳米材料的研究进展.  相似文献   

9.
纳米颗粒分散是无机纳米材料在有机体系中应用的关键.本文提出了采用纳米颗粒液相分散体制备高度分散纳米透明有机无机复合材料的新方法,发明了超重力反应-萃取相转移方法制备纳米颗粒液相透明分散体技术,介绍了其制备原理和实施效果,以及其在纳米复合节能膜、纳米润滑油脂和高固含量光学材料等有机无机纳米复合材料中的最新研究进展.  相似文献   

10.
碳纳米材料是一类推动能源存储、 多相催化、 高性能复合和生物医药等领域发展的重要材料, 可控合成碳纳米材料对相关领域的发展具有重要意义. 水滑石(LDHs)材料具有层板金属种类及含量可调等特点, 经焙烧、 还原后可制备出金属种类、 密度和粒径分布各异的高分散、 高稳定金属纳米催化剂, 可实现高效催化生长各种类型的碳纳米材料. 此外, 通过调控反应条件和反应器等, 可以影响LDHs基金属纳米催化剂催化生长的碳纳米材料的结构和性能. 本文总结了LDHs基金属纳米催化剂的可控制备、 碳纳米材料结构调控以及利用LDHs基催化剂制备的碳纳米材料的应用等方面的研究工作, 并阐明了催化剂的可控制备是控制合成碳纳米材料的核心手段, 这为利用LDHs基催化剂进一步合成更高性能碳纳米材料的研究指明了方向. 此外, 本文还结合近些年在光、 电及光热催化方面的研究进展, 展望了基于新型LDHs纳米结构生长碳纳米材料的研究前景.  相似文献   

11.
近年来,一维有机小分子微纳材料因为其新颖的光学性能和在未来小型化器件中的广泛应用,受到了人们越来越多的关注.相比于传统无机半导体材料,有机小分子材料具有结构多样性、功能可设计性、易大量制备、易机械加工等显著优势.本文将从一维有机小分子纳米材料的制备方法、形貌调控、光学性能(如光波导、受激发射、电致发光等),及其在光学器件上的应用出发,对近十年来的相关研究进展及成果进行总结和介绍.  相似文献   

12.
结合耗散粒子动力学模拟和时域有限差分方法,研究了A(BC)_n多嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子共混体系的自组装行为及其光学性能,分析了纳米粒子体积分数和嵌段间相互作用强度对自组装形貌及其光学性能的影响。结果表明,A(BC)_n多嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子共混体系可形成有机/无机杂化的多级结构,改变纳米粒子的体积分数和嵌段间相互作用强度可以调控纳米粒子的分布及其相应的多级结构。不同尺度的结构对不同频率光的反射作用有明显区别,而纳米粒子的加入显著增大了反射峰的强度和宽度。改变纳米粒子的分布可调控反射峰的强度和宽度。  相似文献   

13.
TiO2 nanoparticles are of great current interest for applications in photo‐electronic materials including light‐energy conversion, artificial photosynthetic systems as well as photocatalysis. The success of these applications relies on the exciton recombination dynamics and visible‐light sensitivity of the TiO2 nanomaterials. Thus, in order to develop the highly efficient photo‐electronic materials absorbing visible light, different low dimensional TiO2 nanostructures such as nanodiscs, nanofibers and nanochains were synthesized, and thereafter their surfaces were modified by incorporating with Sn‐porphyrins and heteropoly acid. The optoelectronic properties of the surface‐modified nanomaterials were investigated with regard to the optical properties and the surface exciton dynamics by using both steady‐state and ultrafast time‐resolved laser spectroscopic techniques including single nanoparticle photoluminescence technique. These results were correlated with the photo‐electronic properties including photocatalytic activities and solar cell efficiencies, indicating that the electron transfer mechanism in the modified nanostructures may be similar to the “Z‐scheme” of the plant photosynthetic system so that both photocatalytic activity and solar cell efficiencies were synergistically enhanced by using two color illumination.  相似文献   

14.
无机纳米稀土发光材料的制备方法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
无机纳米稀土发光材料作为一种重要的发光材料,由于具有独特的光、电和化学性质,使其在高性能磁体、发光器件、显示、生物标记、光学成像和光学治疗等方面得到了广泛的应用。稀土发光材料的这些性质与材料的尺寸和形状密切相关,近年来研究者已经利用多种合成方法制备了不同形状的纳米稀土发光材料,包括纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米纤维和纳米片等。本文综述了无机纳米稀土发光材料的几种常用的制备方法,包括水热/溶剂热法、有机/无机前驱体热分解法和超声辅助合成法等,评述了这些方法的优缺点,并结合课题组在无机纳米稀土发光材料制备方面的工作,对无机纳米稀土发光材料制备方法的发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

15.
The results of studying optical and photochemical properties of organic supramolecular nanostructures capable of self-organizing due to specific intermolecular interactions are generalized in the review. The linear and nonlnear optical properties of supramolecular nanostructures of the guest—host type based on cyclodextrins, intramolecular and intermolecular complexes of crown-containing styryl dyes with metal cations, and aggregates of carbocyanine dyes are described. Photolysis reactions in supramolecular nanostructures, including photoisomerization, photocycloaddition, and formation of excimeric and charge-transfer complexes are presented. A possibility of controlling photochemical transformations in these systems by the light and cations of metal salts is shown.  相似文献   

16.
Three‐dimensional (3D) porous metal and metal oxide nanostructures have received considerable interest because organization of inorganic materials into 3D nanomaterials holds extraordinary properties such as low density, high porosity, and high surface area. Supramolecular self‐assembled peptide nanostructures were exploited as an organic template for catalytic 3D Pt‐TiO2 nano‐network fabrication. A 3D peptide nanofiber aerogel was conformally coated with TiO2 by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with angstrom‐level thickness precision. The 3D peptide‐TiO2 nano‐network was further decorated with highly monodisperse Pt nanoparticles by using ozone‐assisted ALD. The 3D TiO2 nano‐network decorated with Pt nanoparticles shows superior catalytic activity in hydrolysis of ammonia–borane, generating three equivalents of H2.  相似文献   

17.
Diazido derivatives of 3,6‐diamino acridine (proflavine) intercalate into DNA and undergo functionalization through click chemistry to form 1D nanostructures with redox active, conductive nanowire, and fluorescent properties. This two‐step approach, intercalation followed by click modification allows for the controlled decoration of DNA nanostructures.  相似文献   

18.
22Porous silicon (PS) prepared from an n-type Si(100) wafer was utilized as a reducing agent and a nanosubstrate for the reduction of rhodium complex ions [RhCl6]3- from aqueous solution to metallic Rh nanostructures on the surface of the n-type PS. The morphology and the electronic properties of the PS layers as well as the rhodium nanostructures were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray absorption fine structures spectroscopy, and X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL). The average particle size of Rh nanostructures on PS was estimated to be approximately 7 nm by the X-ray diffraction pattern. The specificity ofXEOL allowed for the investigation of the effect of Rh nanostructures on the optical properties of PS.  相似文献   

19.
The development of nanotechnology using organic materials is one of the most intellectually and commercially exciting stories of our times. Advances in synthetic chemistry and in methods for the investigation and manipulation of individual molecules and small ensembles of molecules have produced major advances in the field of organic nanomaterials. The new insights into the optical and electronic properties of molecules obtained by means of single-molecule spectroscopy and scanning probe microscopy have spurred chemists to conceive and make novel molecular and supramolecular designs. Methods have also been sought to exploit the properties of these materials in optoelectronic devices, and prototypes and models for new nanoscale devices have been demonstrated. This Review aims to show how the interaction between synthetic chemistry and spectroscopy has driven the field of organic nanomaterials forward towards the ultimate goal of new technology.  相似文献   

20.
Morphology-controllable synthesis of various pyrene nanostructures from nanoparticles to short nanorods and nanowires (long nanorods) was achieved by a simple self-assembly method. In this approach, aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were used as templates to direct the self-assembly of the pyrene molecules into nanorods. It was found that changing the concentration ratio of the pyrene to SDS molecules could be employed to control the aspect ratio (length to diameter) of the pyrene nanostructures from 1 to 50 or higher. Moreover, the dimensional variation was accompanied by changes of their optical properties. With the increase of the aspect ratio, the characteristic fluorescence of the isolated pyrene molecules was suppressed and concurrently replaced by the excimer emission of the pyrene nanostructures. A blue-shift was observed in the excimer emission peaks as the length of the nanorods increased. The growth mechanism and the change in optical properties of these pyrene nanostructures were discussed in detail.  相似文献   

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