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1.
钍含量对Co/HMS催化剂结构和费托合成的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
详细研究了钍含量对15% Co/HMS催化剂结构、费托合成CO转化率和烃分布的影响, 结果表明: 钍助剂的添加降低了催化剂的钴还原度, 并可使催化剂钴晶粒减小, 且存在钍物种对钴物种的覆盖; 钴晶粒的减小、较高钍含量时催化剂里钍物种对钴物种的覆盖和钴物种还原性能的降低, 使催化剂存在最优的钍含量, 此时催化剂表面暴露的金属钴原子最多, 较好地解释了钍含量达到1.5 wt%时, 催化剂CO转化率最高的实验现象. 烃分布研究表明: 反应温度较低时钍助剂将促进产物链的增长和高碳烃选择性的增加, 但反应温度较高时难以促进产物链的增长.  相似文献   

2.
研究了Cu、K助剂对共沉淀型FeMn/SiO2催化剂还原行为、吸附行为及费托(F-T)合成活性和选择性的影响. Cu助剂以与Fe、Mn、SiO2共沉淀的方式引入, 而K助剂是在喷雾干燥前均匀加入沉淀浆料引入的. 结果表明, Cu可明显提高催化剂的还原性能, K助剂能促进催化剂在CO中的还原但抑制在H2中的还原, 而同时加入Cu和K会进一步促进催化剂在H2或CO中的还原; Cu助剂能促进H2吸附而K助剂对H2吸附无明显影响; Cu在一定程度上提高了F-T合成活性, 缩短了反应诱导期, K明显促进了CO的转化而相对抑制了H2的转化, 并且延长了反应的诱导期, Cu与K协同作用不仅提高反应的转化率而且缩短了反应的诱导期; K使得烃产物平均分子量增加, Cu单独对烃产物分布影响不明显, 而与K共同作用会进一步增加烃产物的分子量.  相似文献   

3.
助剂CeO2对Co/Al2O3催化剂上F-T合成反应性能的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 在用于F-T合成的Co/Al2O3催化剂中加入少量助剂,能够提高CO转化率和C5+烃选择性.主要考察了助剂CeO2添加量和催化剂焙烧温度等因素对F-T合成反应的影响,并通过程序升温还原、程序升温氧化及X射线衍射等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,在Co/Al2O3催化剂中加入少量CeO2(n(Ce)/n(Co)=0.1~0.14),能够有效提高催化剂的催化活性和C5+烃选择性;焙烧温度则以相反的趋势控制F-T反应活性和链增长几率;助剂的加入降低了催化剂的起始还原温度,改善了催化剂的还原性能.但是,催化剂的积碳量有所增加,经10h反应后,催化剂上存在两种类型的积碳.  相似文献   

4.
中孔分子筛负载的钴基催化剂F-T合成反应研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
以中孔分子筛HMS-2为载体,浸渍法制香钴质量分数为15.00%的钴基催化剂,F-T合成反应研究表明:载体焙烧时间对F-T合成反应性能影响不大;Co/HMS-2催化剂的F-T合成反应在运行141.00h达到483.00K后,在H2/CO摩尔比为2.00,压力2.00MPa,空速500.00h^-1反应条件下,CO转化率达到88.00%,烃选择性保持在98.00%左右,烃分布中C5^+含量可达85.00%左右,进一步运转了384.00h,CO转化率仅下降了9.00%,而烃选择性和烃分布几乎不变,说明Co/HMS-2催化剂F-T合成反应性能和稳定性优异。载体中孔结构在473.00K催化剂开始F-T合成反应24.00h后已经塌陷,随后催化剂结构趋于稳定。  相似文献   

5.
Pt,Ru和Pd助剂对F-T合成中Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
 采用浸渍法制备了添加贵金属Pt,Ru和Pd助剂的Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并考察了它们在F-T合成反应中的催化性能. 结果表明,添加贵金属助剂可以显著提高Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化活性. XRD和TPR表征结果表明,贵金属助剂不但可以使催化剂的金属分散度增加,而且可以通过氢溢流促进催化剂表面活性相的Co3O4以及与载体Al2O3有相互作用的非活性相钴氧化物物种的还原,从而改善催化剂的还原性能. TPSR结果进一步表明,添加贵金属助剂后催化剂对CO的吸附解离能力增强,从而使吸附态CO的加氢活性提高.  相似文献   

6.
 采用单位键指标-二次指数势(UBI-QEP)方法对模型催化剂Co(0001)晶面进行了费-托(F-T)合成反应的反应能学分析,发现以不含氧的CxHy,s 作为中间体的表面碳化物机理在能量上较为合理,而CH2,s 作为链增长单体的链增长方式是能量上最有利的F-T合成反应途径. 在Co/ZrO2/SiO2催化剂上的非稳态实验研究中发现,在F-T合成的操作温度范围内,H2O的生成是主要的表面O的移去方式; CO解离和表面碳物种Cs加氢可能是F-T合成中的重要速控步骤; 链增长过程是F-T合成反应中较快的基元反应步骤; 甲烷的生成具有多种不同活性的表面前驱体,导致生成的甲烷严重偏离经典的ASF分布规律. 结合F-T合成表面反应的研究结果,初步确定了F-T合成动力学研究中需要考虑的机理模型的范围是以CO解离和表面碳物种Cs加氢为速控步骤,以CH2,s 插入为链增长途径的表面碳化物机理. 该结果缩小了待选动力学模型的范围.  相似文献   

7.
锆改性钴基费-托合成催化剂催化性能的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
 考察了助剂锆和金属钴负载量对锆改性Co/Al2O3催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明,锆助剂能够高度分散在氧化铝载体上,而活性组分钴以一定尺寸存在;锆的添加能够明显地提高Co/Al2O3催化剂的催化活性和C5+烃选择性,但助剂锆含量对催化剂催化性能的影响不大;在锆存在下,催化剂的催化活性随金属钴含量先升高后降低.进一步的研究表明,催化剂上烃形成速率的提高可能是由于锆助剂能够增加催化剂的活性位数目,增强桥式CO吸附的强度,在Co-ZrO2间形成界面.  相似文献   

8.
在固定床反应器中,以正己烷为超临界介质,研究了三种Co催化剂(浸渍、喷雾干燥、双模催化剂)上的F-T合成反应行为。在相同的Co质量分数下,喷雾干燥催化剂和双模催化剂的活性接近,都高于浸渍催化剂。在喷雾干燥催化剂上CO的转化率显著高于浸渍催化剂。喷雾干燥催化剂F-T产物中具有高的低碳选择性和低的1-烯烃质量分数,然而在相近的CO转化率下,喷雾干燥和浸渍催化剂具有类似的1-烯烃质量分数。对于浸渍催化剂,当Co质量分数从5%增加到15%,CO转化率从8.3%增加到43.6%。含Co5%的催化剂比质量分数为10%、15%、20%催化剂的甲烷选择性低2.0%~3.0%,但产物中1-烯烃的质量分数明显要高。  相似文献   

9.
氧化铝负载Co基F-T合成催化剂还原性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
侯朝鹏 《分子催化》2011,25(3):238-243
采用XRD、TPR、XPS和H2-TPD等技术对Co/Al2O3催化剂的还原性能进行了研究.还原温度低时,催化剂中Co物种还原不充分,活化不够,催化剂的F-T合成反应活性偏低;高温还原时,由于催化剂中金属钴颗粒聚集和增大使活性组分的有效活性面积减小,催化剂的F-T合成反应活性下降.还原温度在400~500℃之间存在最佳...  相似文献   

10.
 在典型的Co系催化剂工业操作条件范围(T=473~503 K,p=1.5~4.0 MPa, H2/CO体积比=1.0~3.0)内,采用等温积分固定床反应器对Co/ZrO2/SiO2催化剂进行了F-T合成反应动力学研究. 依据详细可靠的基元反应机理,按照Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson动力学推导方法,获得了Co系催化剂上基于详细反应机理的动力学模型. 通过动力学实验数据的回归分析,发现基于COs直接解离并以烷基为链增长中间体的表面碳物种机理的动力学模型可以较好地描述Co/ZrO2/SiO2催化剂上的F-T合成反应结果,该模型可自洽地描述F-T合成过程中的合成气消耗和烃产物分布状况,且获得的反应活化能等关键动力学参数与文献报道的理论结果基本一致.  相似文献   

11.
Co/SiO2 and zirconium promoted Co/Zr/SiO2 catalysts were prepared using dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma instead of the conventional thermal calcination method. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) performances of the catalyst were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor. The results indicated that the catalyst treated by DBD plasma shows the higher FTS activity and yield of heavy hydrocarbons as compared with that treated by the conventional thermal calcination method. Increase in CO conversion was unnoticeable on the Co/SiO2 catalyst, but significant on the Co/Zr/SiO2 catalyst, both prepared by DBD plasma. On the other hand, heavy hydrocarbon selectivity and chain growth probability (α value) were enhanced on all the catalysts prepared by the DBD plasma. In order to study the effect of the DBD plasma treatment on the FTS performance, the catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, H2-temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR), H2-temperature-programmed desorption (H2-TPD) and oxygen titration, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was proved that, compared with the traditional calcination method, DBD plasma not only could shorten the precursor decomposition time, but also could achieve better cobalt dispersion, smaller Co3O4 cluster size and more uniform cobalt distribution. However, cobalt reducibility was hindered to some extent in the Co/SiO2 catalyst prepared by DBD plasma, while the zirconium additive prevented significantly the decrease in cobalt reducibility and increased cobalt dispersion as well as the FTS performance.  相似文献   

12.
何玉梅  刘冰  李金林 《分子催化》2021,35(6):561-570
将不同比例的铈锆前驱体负载到ZIF-67,氮气气氛焙烧制备CexZr1-xO2/Co/C-N催化剂,对催化剂进行了XRD,H2-TPR、XPS表征,并在固定床反应器评价其CO2加氢制甲醇性能。XRD结果表明,在铈中加入适量锆形成铈锆固溶体,铈锆固溶体与钴物种较强的相互作用力可以阻止表明金属Co的氧化。但过量加入的锆又会削弱这一作用力,部分金属Co被氧化为Co3O4。H2-TPR结果表明适量的锆的加入改善催化剂的还原性能,催化剂还原温度降低。XPS证实了25%Ce0.67Zr0.33O2/Co/C-N催化剂中含有更多的氧空穴及氮含量,氧空穴和碱性氮都有利于CO2的解离吸附。优化后的25%Ce0.67Zr0.33O2/Co/C-N 催化剂在225 oC,2 MPa,GHSV = 6 L/gcat/h反应条件下取得最高甲醇时空收率,为3.0 mmol/gcat/h。  相似文献   

13.
采用浸渍法制备了Mn和Zr改性的介孔碳负载钴基催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、H2/CO程序升温脱附(TPD)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂的物化性质进行了表征,采用固定床反应器对其F-T反应性能进行了研究。结果表明,Mn或Zr助剂的添加均降低了CH4的选择性。其中,Mn助剂的添加提高了C2-4的选择性,提高了烯烷比,而Zr的添加提高了钴物种的分散度,增加了反应活性位点,显著提高了钴基催化剂的F-T反应活性和C5+选择性。  相似文献   

14.
Cobalt-based catalysts were prepared by a wet impregnation method on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) support and promoted with niobium.Samples were characterized by nitrogen adsorption,TEM,XRD,TPR,TPO and H2-TPD.Addition of niobium increased the dispersion of cobalt but decreased the catalysts reducibility.Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at 543 K,1 atm and H2/CO=2 for 5 h.Addition of niobium enhanced the C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity by 39% and reduced methane selectivity by 59%.These effects were more pronounced for 0.04%Nb/Co/CNTs catalyst,compared with those observed for other niobium compositions.  相似文献   

15.
The effects of the addition of manganese to a series of TiO(2)-supported cobalt Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts prepared by different methods were studied by a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy at the Co and Mn K-edges. After calcination, the catalysts were generally composed of large Co(3)O(4) clusters in the range 15-35 nm and a MnO(2)-type phase, which existed either dispersed on the TiO(2) surface or covering the Co(3)O(4) particles. Manganese was also found to coexist with the Co(3)O(4) in the form of Co(3-x)Mn(x)O(4) solutions, as revealed by XRD and XAFS. Characterization of the catalysts after H(2) reduction at 350 degrees C by XAFS and TEM showed mostly the formation of very small Co(0) particles (around 2-6 nm), indicating that the cobalt phase tends to redisperse during the reduction process from Co(3)O(4) to Co(0). The presence of manganese was found to hamper the cobalt reducibility, with this effect being more severe when Co(3-x)Mn(x)O(4) solutions were initially present in the catalyst precursors. Moreover, the presence of manganese generally led to the formation of larger cobalt agglomerates ( approximately 8-15 nm) upon reduction, probably as a consequence of the decrease in cobalt reducibility. The XAFS results revealed that all reduced catalysts contained manganese entirely in a Mn(2+) state, and two well-distinguished compounds could be identified: (1) a highly dispersed Ti(2)MnO(4)-type phase located at the TiO(2) surface and (2) a less dispersed MnO phase being in the proximity of the cobalt particles. Furthermore, the MnO was also found to exist partially mixed with a CoO phase in the form of rock-salt Mn(1-x)Co(x)O-type solid solutions. The existence of the later solutions was further confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) for a Mn-rich sample. Finally, the cobalt active site composition in the catalysts after reduction at 300 and 350 degrees C was linked to the catalytic performances obtained under reaction conditions of 220 degrees C, 1 bar, and H(2)/CO = 2. The catalysts with larger Co(0) particles ( approximately >5 nm) and lower Co reduction extents displayed a higher intrinsic hydrogenation activity and a longer catalyst lifetime. Interestingly, the MnO and Mn(1-x)Co(x)O species effectively promoted these larger Co(0) particles by increasing the C(5+) selectivity and decreasing the CH(4) production, while they did not significantly influence the selectivity of the catalysts containing very small Co(0) particles.  相似文献   

16.
利用共沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的Ce0.5Zr0.5O2固溶体载体,然后浸渍不同质量分数(10%、20%、30%)的活性组分钴,制备了系列Co/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂。利用N2物理吸附(BET)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 、透射电子显微镜(TEM) 、 程序升温氧化(TPO)和热重(TG)等手段对制备和反应后的催化剂进行了表征,研究了它们对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能。研究结果表明,铈锆固溶体负载的钴比较容易被还原,该系列催化剂具有较高的活性和对H2及CO的选择性,且随Co含量的增加,催化剂的活性和对H2和CO的选择性得到提高的同时,也增强了催化剂的抗积炭性能。  相似文献   

17.
The mesoporous carbon supported cobalt catalyst (15%Co/MC) was found to be more active and selective to C(5)(+) than the traditionally activated carbon supported one (15%Co/AC) for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The addition of small amount of K(2)O and ZrO(2) significantly affected the FTS behavior of 15%Co/MC. The addition of 1% K inhibited the FTS activity dramatically, while the addition of 3% Zr increased the FTS activity significantly. The addition of K(2)O decreased the surface acidity while increased the surface basicity of 15%Co/MC, resulting in the increased heat of adsorption of CO and substantially decreased heat of adsorption of H(2) on Co. In contrast, the addition of ZrO(2) increased the surface acidity and heat of adsorption of H(2) on Co. The FTS activity was found to be related to the ratio of heats for the adsorption of CO and H(2) on the catalysts 15%Co/MC, 15%Co-1%K/MC and 15%Co-3%Zr/MC. The highest FTS activity was obtained on the catalyst with the heat ratio of 1.2.  相似文献   

18.
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with high surface area were synthesized over nanoporous Co-Mo/MgO by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The SWNTs were used as catalyst support for selective hydrogenation of syngas to hydrocarbons. Here an extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) on CNT-supported cobalt catalysts with different amounts of cobalt loading up to 40 wt% is reported. The catalysts were characterized by different methods including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, hydrogen chemisorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and temperature-programmed reduction. Enhancement of the reducibility of Co3O4 to CoO, CoO to Coo and small cobalt oxide particles, dispersion of the cobalt, and activity and selectivity of FTS were investigated and compared with a conventional support. The CNT supported catalysts achieve a high dispersion and high loading of the active metal, cobalt in particular, so that the bulk formation of cobalt metal, which tends to occur in conventional support, can be avoided. The results showed that the specific activity of CNT supported catalysts increase significantly (there is a two fold increase in CO Conversion per gram of the active metal) with respect to the conventional supported catalyst.  相似文献   

19.
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with high surface area were synthesized over nanoporous Co-Mo/MgO by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The SWNTs were used as catalyst support for selective hydrogenation of syngas to hydrocarbons. Here an extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) on CNT-supported cobalt catalysts with different amounts of cobalt loading up to 40 wt% is reported. The catalysts were characterized by different methods including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, hydrogen chemisorption, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and temperature-programmed reduction. Enhancement of the reducibility of Co3O4 to CoO, CoO to Coo and small cobalt oxide particles, dispersion of the cobalt, and activity and selectivity of FTS were investigated and compared with a conventional support. The CNT supported catalysts achieve a high dispersion and high loading of the active metal, cobalt in particular, so that the bulk formation of cobalt metal, which tends to occur in conventional support, can be avoided. The results showed that the specific activity of CNT supported catalysts increase significantly (there is a two fold increase in CO Conversion per gram of the active metal) with respect to the conventional supported catalyst.  相似文献   

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