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1.
合成了含有嵌入配体二吡啶并[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]-吩嗪(dppz)的钌配合物二联吡啶二吡啶并[3,2-a;2′,3′-c]吩嗪钌([Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+),并对其结构和物理化学性质进行了表征。采用方波伏安法研究了[Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+与天然双链小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用,实验结果表明,[Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+配合物的嵌入配体会嵌入DNA的碱基对中,与DNA结合形成体积较大的"金属配合物-DNA"联合体,该联合体在电解质溶液中扩散速度较慢,导致溶液中游离的钌配合物分子减少,峰电流信号降低。计算得到[Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+与DNA的结合常数Ka=1.7×105 L/mol,结合位点n=0.84。  相似文献   

2.
本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法对系列环金属Rh(Ⅲ)配合物的结构与二阶非线性光学性质进行了计算研究.结果显示,配体中取代基的改变对配合物的几何结构和Wiberg键级影响不大.当主配体上的—H被其他强的供/吸电子基团取代时,配合物的极化率增大.其中,对于配合物1-6,主配体或副配体中强供/强吸电子基团的引入均有效地提高了配合物的第一超极化率(βtot).而在配合物7-12中,配体中取代基的改变对配合物的βtot值也有所提高,但幅度不大.此外,计算所得的配合物动态超瑞利散射超极化率(βHRS)值与βtot值的变化规律一致.对配合物的电子结构与吸收光谱的分析表明,体系具有较大的βtot值与其吸收光谱的明显红移,较低的电子跃迁能,以及方向一致的电荷转移模式相关.  相似文献   

3.
《电化学》2016,(3)
环金属钌配合物具有良好的氧化还原和光物理性质,在诸多光电领域如染料敏化太阳能电池、电致变色、电子转移等方面具有重要应用.环金属钌配合物的合成方法主要包括"后期金属化"、"前期金属化"、"转金属化"三种方法.环金属配合物具有丰富的结构多样性.环金属配合物由环金属配体和辅基配体与金属螯合形成.环金属配体包括N^C、N^N^C、N^C^N和C^C^C-类型多齿配体.辅基配体主要包括吡啶、咪唑、三唑、嘧啶等杂环.碳-金属键的引入大大降低了钌配合物的氧化还原电位.通过改变环金属配体和辅基配体的结构,可以对金属的氧化还原电位进行有效调控.金属钌配合物的氧化还原电位对敏化电池的性能以及电子转移的过程具有重要的影响.  相似文献   

4.
采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/LANL2DZ方法,对实验合成的含有不同生色团的Pt(Ⅱ)配合物的电子性质和二阶非线性光学(NLO)效应进行计算分析。结果表明:配合物中二苯基啡咯啉部分表现出给电子的性质,金属Pt(Ⅱ)在配合物内起到平衡电荷的作用。对配合物lb~6b与配合物a进行比较发现,配合物1b-5b的βvec值比配合物a的成βvec值增大,而配合物6b的βvec值比配合物a的风值减小。7个配合物中前线分子轨道能级差越小的配合物,它的βvec值越大,同时配合物更深层占有轨道与空轨道之间的电子跃迁对二阶NLO效应有明显的贡献。  相似文献   

5.
钌(II)多吡啶配合物在光化学、物理学、光催化、电化学、光电化学、电子转移和能量传递、分子组装等领域一直扮演者非常重要的角色. 钌(II)多吡啶配合物的分子结构具有很大的可塑性, 通过往配体上接入各种不同类型官能团, 可以设计出各种各样具有不同分子识别功能的分子器件. 本文在钌(II)配合物中引入二氨均三嗪基团, 设计合成了三个新型的钌(II)多吡啶配合物 [Ru(bpy)2(1-IQTNH)](ClO4)2 (1), [Ru(bpy)2(2-QTNH)](ClO4)2 (2) 和 [Ru(bpy)2(3-IQTNH)](ClO4)2 (3) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 1-IQTNH = 6-(isoquinolin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4- diamine, 2-QTNH = 6-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 3-IQTNH = 6-(isoquinolin-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4- diamine). 通过元素分析、ES-MS、1H NMR进行结构表征, 确证了它们的组成. 用X射线单晶衍射测定了配合物[Ru(bpy)2(2-QTNH)](ClO4)2·2H2O和[Ru(bpy)2(3-IQTNH)](ClO4)2的晶体结构. 配合物2和3都属单斜晶系. 晶体结构表明, 配合物中钌(II)均具有畸变八面体几何构型. 分子计算表明配体1-IQTNH和2-QTNH在电子结构性质方面很相似并具有比bpy和3-IQTNH能量更低的LUMO. 实验结果与分子计算一致, 电化学实验证明在配合物1和2中, 最稳定的LUMO轨道位于配体1-IQTNH和2-QTNH, 而配合物3中最稳定的LUMO轨道位于配体bpy. 从吸收光谱中可观察到, 由于具有比bpy更大的?电子共轭体系, 配合物1和2的MLCT峰都发生了明显红移. 以上实验结果表明, 配体结构的改变, 导致配合物1~3表现出和[Ru(bpy)3]2+不同程度的性质差异.  相似文献   

6.
近年来,钌多吡啶配合物与DNA的作用得到了比较广泛的研究,并且发展了一系列具有特定功能的钌配合物犤1犦。如传统的DNA分子光开关犤Ru(bpy)2dppz犦2+和犤Ru(phen)2dppz犦2+犤2,3犦(bpy=2,2'-联吡啶,phen=1,10-菲咯啉,dppz=二吡啶犤3,2-a:2',3'-c犦吩嗪)。这些配合物与DNA具有较强的结合力,在水溶液中几乎不发光,但在DNA存在下则有强烈荧光发出。这是由于配合物插入DNA的碱基对之后,保护了dppz的吡嗪环上的N原子,使其免受水分子的进攻从而导致配合物荧光的恢复。但是对于大多数的多吡啶钌配合物来讲,由于其自身较强的背景荧光或与DN…  相似文献   

7.
李静思  赵华  刘珊  陈永洁 《化学通报》2022,85(1):97-102
合成了三种钌(Ⅱ)芳烃配合物[(η6-p-cymene)Ru(bpy)(py-R)]2+(bpy=2,2′-联吡啶,py=吡啶,R=N(CH3)2,H,NO2),通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、核磁共振、高分辨质谱及DNA凝胶电泳等手段研究了单齿配体吡啶对位取代基的推拉电子能力如何影响配合物的光致配体解离能力。研究发现,当单齿配体吡啶对位取代基为拉电子基团硝基时,配合物具有光致单齿配体解离能力及潜在的光活化抗肿瘤活性。  相似文献   

8.
刘艳  孙世玲  孙秀欣  刘春光  仇永清 《化学学报》2011,69(22):2665-2672
采用密度泛函理论(DFT)BHandHYLP方法,计算分析CANAN配体,C^N^NPt(Ⅱ)(C^N^N=6-苯基-2,2’连吡啶)及N^C^NPt(H)(N^C^N=1,3-二吡啶基-苯)配合物的极化率和二阶非线性光学(NLO)系数.结果表明形成金属配合物后二阶NLO系数明显增大,配合物2b的β值是配体Lb的11倍...  相似文献   

9.
活性钌、锇-配体多重键配合物研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
金属一配体多重键配合物的反应性研究有助人们深入理解许多重要的金属催化过程,如生物体系中的氧化和固氮及有机合成中的金属催化原子或基团转移反应.含Os=N多重键的锇(VI)氮合物在还原剂存在下发生氮偶合反应生成双核氮分子桥连配合物,为与固氮机理有关的金属氮合物氮偶合反应提供实验证据.一系列具有可调结构和氧化性含M=O,M=NR,M=CR^1R^2(M=Ru,Os)多重键的活性钌/锇氧合物,钌亚胺基配合物,钌/锇卡宾配合物(包括手性配合物)已被成功分离,其结构已通过光谱手段和x射线单晶衍射确定.这些活性金属一配体多重键配合物分别能与有机化合物发生氧原子、亚胺基、卡宾转移反应,包括烯烃环氧化、环氮化、环丙烷化、cis双羟基化,c—H键羟基化、酰胺化、卡宾插入等,从而允许直接研究相应催化过程中金属.配体多重键中间体的原子或基团转移反应,为金属催化原子或基团转移反应(包括不对称催化反应)提供重要机理信息.已发展出一系列涉及钌.配体多重键活性物种的高选择性钌催化反应,包括2,6-Cl2pyNO与烯烃的环氧化和Wacker型氧化成醛,H2O2水溶液氧化烯、炔烃和醇为羧酸或cis-二醇,PhI=NR与饱和c—H键的酰胺化,重氮化合物的卡宾偶合,分子内卡宾插入c—H键,重氮化合物、亚胺、烯/炔烃的三组分偶合,及以“PhI(OAc)2+RNH2”为氮源的金属催化C—N键形成反应等.  相似文献   

10.
以2-(4-甲基)苯基吡啶为C,N-配体构筑的环金属钌配合物1与NOBF4在不同反应条件下,以较高产率获得了2个环金属钌(Ⅱ)亚硝酰配合物23。温度提高和有氧条件更有利于3的生成。核磁共振谱、质谱、红外光谱及单晶结构显示这2个亚硝酰配合物均具有{Ru-NO+}特征。电化学及紫外可见吸收光谱进一步证实了这一点。随后,对钌亚硝酰配合物2在光照下的产物进行分离并通过NMR和质谱表征,结果表明:此类亚硝酰配合物在光照下断裂Ru—NO并释放NO,金属中心以Ru(Ⅱ)稳定存在。  相似文献   

11.
Six new nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores with pyrazinyl-pyridinium electron acceptors have been synthesized by complexing a known pro-ligand with electron donating {Ru(II)(NH(3))(5)}(2+) or trans-{Ru(II)(NH(3))(4)(py)}(2+) (py = pyridine) centers. These cationic complexes have been characterized as their PF(6)(-) salts by using various techniques including electronic absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The visible d → π* metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorptions gain intensity on increasing the number of Ru(II) centers from one to two, but remain at constant energy. One or two Ru(III/II) redox processes are observed which are reversible, quasi-reversible, or irreversible, while all of the ligand-based reductions are irreversible. Molecular first hyperpolarizabilities β have been determined by using hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) at 1064 nm, and depolarization studies show that the NLO responses of the symmetric species are strongly two-dimensional (2D) in character, with dominant "off-diagonal" β(zyy) components. Stark (electroabsorption) spectroscopic measurements on the MLCT bands also allow the indirect determination of estimated static first hyperpolarizabilities β(0). Both the HRS and the Stark-derived β(0) values increase on moving from mono- to bimetallic complexes, and substantial enhancements in NLO response are achieved when compared with one-dimensional (1D) and 2D monometallic Ru(II) ammine complexes reported previously.  相似文献   

12.
K(+)-exchanged, Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-encapsulating zeolite-Y [K(+)-Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)Y] and N-[3-(dicyclohexylmethyl)oxypropyl-N'-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium [DCH-MV(2+)] were prepared, and visible light-induced electron transfer from the zeolite-encapsulated Ru(II) complex to the size-excluded viologen was studied in acetonitrile. Addition of a series of crown ethers (CEs) into the heterogeneous solution leads to over a 10-fold increase in the yield of DCH-MV(*)(+), where the yield linearly increases as the formation constant of CE with K(+) [K(f)(K(+))(CE)] increases. The following two sequential events are attributed to be responsible for the above novel phenomenon. First, K(+) ions are liberated from the zeolite to solution during interfacial electron transfer from the photoexcited Ru(II) complexes to DCH-MV(2+). Second, the liberated K(+) ions form strong host-guest complexes with the added CE molecules, which leads to retardation of the reverse flow of the cations, hence the charge-balancing electrons, from the solution to the zeolite. Surprisingly, the yield of DCH-MV(*)(+) reaches more than approximately 50 times the amount of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) situated in the outermost supercages, despite the absence of electron relay in the zeolite. This is attributed to photosensitized electron pumping from the zeolite framework to viologen by the outermost Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) ions. In support of the above conclusion, Ru(bpy)(3)(3+) does not accumulate in the zeolite host while DCH-MV(*)(+) accumulates in the supernatant solution. Consistent with the above, the independently prepared hexafluorophosphate salt of Ru(bpy)(3)(3+) is reduced to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) in acetonitrile upon contact with Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-free M(+)Y (M(+) = Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+)), where the yield increases as the donor strength of the framework oxygen increases. Although small, thermal electron transfer also takes place from the zeolite framework to DCH-MV(2+), where the yield increases upon increasing the donor strength of the framework, concentration of DCH-MV(2+), temperature, and K(f)(K(+))(CE) (when K(+)Y is the zeolite host). The photoyield is always higher than the thermal yield by 4-30 times, confirming that the zeolite-encapsulated Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) serves as the photosensitized electron pump.  相似文献   

13.
A series of new Ru(II) complex salts trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(L(1))(L(2))](PF(6))(n) [n = 2, L(1) = 4-acetylpyridine (4-acpy) and L(2) = 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (dmap) (1), 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (dmabn) (2), 4-picoline (4-pic) (3), or 1-methylimidazole (1-MeIm) (4); n = 3, L(1) = N-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (MeQ(+)) and L(2) = dmap (6), dmabn (7), 1-MeIm (8), 4-acpy (9), or phenothiazine (PTZ) (10); n = 2, L(1) = dmap and L(2) = 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (pyca) (12) or ethyl isonicotinate (isne) (13)] have been synthesized and fully characterized. These complexes display intense, visible metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorptions which are highly solvatochromic. An X-ray crystal structure determination has been carried out for trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(MeQ(+))(PTZ)](PF(6))(3).Me(2)CO (10.Me(2)CO). This salt, empirical formula C(26)H(38)F(18)N(7)OP(3)RuS, crystallizes in the hexagonal system, space group P6(3), with a = b = 17.853(4) ?, c = 21.514(6) ?, and Z = 6. The MeQ(+) ligand adopts an almost planar conformation, with a torsion angle of 9.6 degrees between the two pyridyl rings. The dipolar cations exhibit a strong projected component along the z axis, but crystal twinning precludes second-harmonic generation. Measurements of the first hyperpolarizability beta by using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique at 1064 nm yield very large values in the range (232-621) x 10(-30) esu, the largest being for trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(MeQ(+))(dmabn)](PF(6))(3) (7). These beta values are resonance enhanced via the MLCT excitations. A correlation between beta and the MLCT absorption energy confirms that this excitation is the primary contributor to beta. The two-level model yields static hyperpolarizabilities beta(0) in the range (10-130) x 10(-30) esu, with trans-[Ru(NH(3))(4)(MeQ(+))(dmap)](PF(6))(3) (6) having the largest. The beta(0) values of the complexes of the bipyridyl ligand MeQ(+) are larger than those of their analogues containing monopyridyl ligands because of extended conjugation. beta(0) correlates with the MLCT energy only when the MLCT absorption is sufficiently far from the second harmonic at 532 nm.  相似文献   

14.
The solvothermal reactions of BiI(3), KI, I(2), 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy), and a small amount of water in alcohol and acetonitrile produced four bipyridinium iodobismuthates {[MQ](3)[Bi(2)I(6)(μ-I)(3)][Bi(2)I(6)(μ-I)(2)(MQ)(2)](3)} (1, MQ(+) = N-methyl-4,4'-bipyridinium), {[EQ](3)[Bi(2)I(6)(μ-I)(3)][Bi(2)I(6)(μ-I)(2)(EQ)(2)](3)} (2, EQ(+) = N-ethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium), [MV][BiI(5)] (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2010, 5326) (3, MV(2+) = N,N'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium), and [EV](2)[Bi(4)I(10)(μ-I)(4)(μ(3)-I)(2)] (4, EV(2+) = N,N'-diethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium). In these reactions, 4,4'-bipy was partly or completely alkylated by alkyl groups generated from the cleavage of C-O bond of alcohols, forming the N-alkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium cation (Q(+)) and the N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dication (V(2+)), respectively. Compounds 1-4 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The optical, electrical conductive and dielectric properties of these compounds were investigated. The dielectric constants of the Q(+)-based compounds were larger than the values of the V(2+)-based ones, which showed that the weak electrostatic interactions in the structures may benefit the polarizability of molecules, thereby resulting in a larger dielectric response of the structures under an external electric field, while the strong electrostatic interactions between the positive and negative charge units would lead to a low dielectric constant (low-k) behavior of these compounds.  相似文献   

15.
采用MP2方法优化得到Li(HF)n(n=2~4)体系的三个环型结构. 使用高水平的从头算方法MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd)计算了它们的偶极矩μ0、极化率α0和一阶超极化率β0. 得出了大的一阶超极化率的变化规律, 并揭示出额外电子是引起大一阶超极化率的主要原因.  相似文献   

16.
Four different poly(pyridine) complexes of ruthenium, viz. Ru(II)(trpy)(phen)(OH(2))](2+) (1), trans-[Ru(III)(2,2'bpy)(2)(OH(2))(OH)](2+) (2), [(2,2'bpy)(2)(OH)Ru(III)ORu(III)(OH)(2,2'bpy)(2)](4+) (3), and [Ru(II)(4,4'bpy)(NH(3))(5)](2+) (4) (2,2'bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, 4,4'bpy=4,4'-bipyridine, trpy=2,2',2"-terpyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline), were tested as non-physiological charge mediators of 'second-generation' glucose biosensors. The membranes for these biosensors were prepared by casting anionic carboxymethylated beta-cyclodextrin polymer films (beta-CDPA) directly onto the Pt or glassy carbon (GC) disk electrodes. Simultaneously, glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized in the films by covalent bonding and the Ru complexes were incorporated both by inclusion in the beta-CD molecular cavities and by ion exchange at the fixed carboxymethyl cation-exchange sites. The leakage of the mediator from the polymer has been minimized by adopting a suitable pre-treatment procedure. The biosensors catalytic activities increased in the order 1<2<3<4, as established by linear sweep voltammetry. In case of complexes 2-4, the enzymatic glucose oxidation was mediated by the Ru complexes at their redox potentials. However, this oxidation was mediated by oxygen in case of complex 1 where H(2)O(2) was detected as the reaction product. The effectiveness of the mediators used in the presence of oxygen has been estimated using Pt and GC supports. The redox potential of the mediator does not depend on the support used, while the oxidation of H(2)O(2) proceeds on GC at much higher positive potentials than on Pt. The sensitivity and the linear concentration range of the biosensor studied varied significantly. For complex 4, which forms stable inclusion complex with beta-CD, the biosensor sensitivity was the highest and equal to 7.2 micro A mM(-1) cm(-2), detectability was as low as 1 mM, but the linear concentration range was limited only to 4 mM. In contrast, for complexes 2 and 3 the sensitivity was 0.4 and 3.2 micro A mM(-1) cm(-2), while the linear concentration range extended up to at least 24 and 14 mM glucose, respectively. Even though some common interfering substances, such as ascorbate, paracetamol or urea, are oxidized at potentials close to those of the Ru complex redox couples, their electro-oxidation currents at physiological concentrations are insignificant compared to those due to the biocatalytic oxidation of glucose. The biosensor response to glucose is reversible as demonstrated by the inhibition of GOD activity by Cu(II). That is, the Cu(II) concentration required to inhibit by half the response to glucose of the biosensor containing complex 2 was 1.0 mM. This inhibitory effect was fully reversed by addition of citrate, a ligand forming sufficiently stable complex with Cu(II).  相似文献   

17.
Chen MH  Lee S  Liu S  Yeh A 《Inorganic chemistry》1996,35(9):2627-2629
Reactions of Fe(CN)(5)L(3-) (L = 4-aminopyridine (4-ampy), pyridine (py), 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy), and pyrazine (pz)) with peroxydisulfate, Fe(CN)(5)L(3-) + S(2)O(8)(2-) right harpoon over left harpoon Fe(CN)(5)L(2-) + SO(4)(-) + SO(4)(2-), have been found to follow an outer-sphere electron transfer mechanism. The specific rate constants of oxidation are 1.45 +/- 0.01, (9.00 +/- 0.02) x 10(-2), (5.60 +/- 0.01) x 10(-2), and (2.89 +/- 0.01) x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1), for L = 4-ampy, py, 4,4'-bpy, and pz, respectively, at &mgr; = 0.50 M LiClO(4), T = 25 degrees C, pH = 4.4-8.8. The rate constants of oxidation for the corresponding Ru(NH(3))(5)L(2+) complexes were also measured and were found to be faster than those of Fe(CN)(5)L(3-) complexes by a factor of approximately 10(2) even after the corrections for the differences in reduction potentials and in the charges of the complexes. The difference in reactivity may arise from the hydrogen bonding between peroxydisulfate and the ammonia ligands of Ru(NH(3))(5)L(2+) and nonadiabaticity observed in the Fe(CN)(5)L(3-) complexes.  相似文献   

18.
Use of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) as a capping ligand and 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) as a bridging ligand enables assembly of redox-active Ru3 triangle and Ru4 square complexes. The former is produced by reacting [(cyclen)Ru(DMSO)Cl]Cl with 4,4'-bpy in a 3:1 ethanol:water mixture to precipitate [(cyclen)3Ru3(4,4'-bpy)3]Cl6.18H2O.THF (4), whereas the latter is generated as [(cyclen)4Ru4(4,4'-bpy)4](CF3SO3)8.2CF3SO3H.5MeOH (7) by reacting (cyclen)Ru(CF3SO3)3 with 4,4'-bpy in methanol. The crystal structure of 4.11H2O reveals an equilateral triangle in which the 4,4'-bpy bridges are bowed outward, such that the pyridine rings are all forced to be perpendicular to the Ru3 triangle. Consequently, adjacent pyridine rings are essentially coplanar, and the cyclic voltammogram of [(cyclen)3Ru3(4,4'-bpy)3]6+ in acetonitrile displays three distinct one-electron oxidation events. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal redox processes centered at E(1/2) = 0.207, 0.342, and 0.434 V versus Cp2Fe(0/+) that are assigned to 6+/7+, 7+/8+, and 8+/9+ couples of the [(cyclen)3Ru3(4,4'-bpy)3]n+ triangle, respectively. In contrast, the structure of [(cyclen)4Ru4(4,4'-bpy)4]8+ features a regular square geometry wherein the rings of the bridging 4,4'-bpy ligands are free to rotate, leading to just one four-electron oxidation couple centered at 0.430 V. Density functional theory calculations performed on [(cyclen)3Ru3(4,4'-bpy)(3)]6+ reveal metal-based orbitals with contributions from the pi system of the bridging 4,4'-bpy ligands, providing a likely pathway for electron transfer.  相似文献   

19.
A series of mono-, bis-, tris-, and tetrakis(porphinato)zinc(II) (PZn)-elaborated ruthenium(II) bis(terpyridine) (Ru) complexes have been synthesized in which an ethyne unit connects the macrocycle meso carbon atom to terpyridyl (tpy) 4-, 4'-, and 4'-positions. These supermolecular chromophores, based on the ruthenium(II) [5-(4'-ethynyl-(2,2';6',2'-terpyridinyl))-10,20-bis(2',6'-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl)porphinato]zinc(II)-(2,2';6',2'-terpyridine)(2+) bis-hexafluorophosphate (RuPZn) archetype, evince strong mixing of the PZn-based oscillator strength with ruthenium terpyridyl charge resonance bands. Potentiometric and linear absorption spectroscopic data indicate that for structures in which multiple PZn moieties are linked via ethynes to a [Ru(tpy)(2)](2+) core, little electronic coupling is manifest between PZn units, regardless of whether they are located on the same or opposite tpy ligand. Congruent with these experiments, pump-probe transient absorption studies suggest that the individual RuPZn fragments of these structures exhibit, at best, only modest excited-state electronic interactions that derive from factors other than the dipole-dipole interactions of these strong oscillators; this approximate independent character of the component RuPZn oscillators enables fabrication of nonlinear optical (NLO) multipoles with extraordinary hyperpolarizabilities. Dynamic hyperpolarizability (β(λ)) values and depolarization ratios (ρ) were determined from hyper-Rayleigh light scattering (HRS) measurements carried out at an incident irradiation wavelength (λ(inc)) of 1300 nm. The depolarization ratio data provide an experimental measure of chromophore optical symmetry; appropriate coupling of multiple charge-transfer oscillators produces structures having enormous averaged hyperpolarizabilities (β(HRS) values), while evolving the effective chromophore symmetry from purely dipolar (e.g., Ru(tpy)[4-(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](PF(6))(2), β(HRS) = 1280 × 10(-30) esu, ρ = 3.8; Ru(tpy)[4'-(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](PF(6))(2), β(HRS) = 2100 × 10(-30) esu, ρ = 3.8) to octopolar (e.g., Ru[4,4'-bis(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](2)(PF(6))(2), β(HRS) = 1040 × 10(-30) esu, ρ = 1.46) via structural motifs that possess intermediate values of the depolarization ratio. The chromophore design roadmap provided herein gives rise to octopolar supermolecules that feature by far the largest off-diagonal octopolar first hyperpolarizability tensor components ever reported, with the effectively octopolar Ru[4,4'-bis(Zn-porphyrin)ethynyl-tpy](2)(PF(6))(2) possessing a β(HRS) value at 1300 nm more than a factor of 3 larger than that determined for any chromophore having octopolar symmetry examined to date. Because NLO octopoles possess omnidirectional NLO responses while circumventing the electrostatic interactions that drive bulk-phase centrosymmetry for NLO dipoles at high chromophore concentrations, the advent of octopolar NLO chromophores having vastly superior β(HRS) values at technologically important wavelengths will motivate new experimental approaches to achieve acentric order in both bulk-phase and thin film structures.  相似文献   

20.
Emission, excitation spectra, quantum yields, and emission lifetimes are reported for the mixed-ligand, bis(2.2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes, cis-[Ru(bpy)(2)(PPh(3))X](n+) with X = Cl(-), Br(-), CN(-), and NO(2)(-) (n = 1) and pyridine (py), 4-aminopyridine (NH(2)py), 4,4'- bipyridine (4,4'-bpy), NH(3), and MeCN (n = 2) in EtOH-MeOH, 4:1 (v:v), at 77 K. Radiative, k(r), and nonradiative, k(nr), decay rate constants were determined for the series of complexes, and a linear dependence of ln k(nr) on E(00), with E(00) being the 0-0 energy gap determined by emission spectral fitting, was obtained with a slope of -(0.6 ± 0.1) × 10(-3). On the basis of emission quantum yields and apparent k(r) values, possible metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) deactivation by direct population of excited (1)dd states from initially excited (1)MLCT states is discussed.  相似文献   

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