抗紫外老化聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维的制备与表征

通过化学添加2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)共聚,以及添加金红石型纳米TiO2物理共混的方法,制备了聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)的抗紫外改性纤维.考察了纤维的力学性能、特性粘度及表面形貌在紫外老化过程中的变化,并结合PBO纤维紫外加速老化后的红外分析,对PBO纤维的光老化机理进行了初步研究.结果表明,本实验所制备的DHPBO纤维以及DHPBO/n-TiO2纤维的抗紫外老化能力明显高于PBO纤维,并且金红石型纳米TiO2对PBO的抗紫外改性效果要优于有机紫外吸收剂(2,2'-(1,2-乙烷二基)双(4,1-亚苯基)双苯并噁唑).     

高性能PBO纤维的成型、性能改善及其应用研究北大核心CSCD

聚苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维具有超高强度和模量、优异的耐热性和阻燃性,是一种在国防军工、航空航天等领域有重要应用价值的有机高性能纤维。本文综述了国内外PBO纤维的发展历程、纤维的性能,重点介绍了制备高分子量PBO聚合物和纺制高性能PBO纤维的关键技术和先进工艺,提供了改善PBO纤维界面粘结性能、压缩性能和光老化稳定性能的不同技术途径。结果表明:PBO聚合只有多种因素包括单体、工艺、设备等同时优化才能获得高分子量的PBO聚合物,利用双螺杆挤出机同时完成聚合和液晶纺丝成型是工业化连续生产高性能PBO纤维的先进技术路线;通过在PBO大分子链上引入离子基团或双羟基能显著提高PBO纤维与环氧树脂的界面粘结强度,双羟基的存在能使PBO大分子链间建立氢建相互作用从而也提高了PBO纤维的压缩性能,双羟基单体特有的紫外吸收性能更是有效地改善了PBO纤维的光稳定性;在PBO聚合时添加光吸收剂,或在PBO纤维表面涂覆聚酰亚胺都是改善PBO纤维光稳定性的有效方法。     

聚芴基苯并唑类共聚物的合成和光物理性能

通过溶液缩聚法合成了一系列不同组分的无规共聚物--聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑-co-聚(9,9-二辛基芴苯并二噁唑)(PBO-co-PBOF).利用X射线衍射、紫外-可见光吸收光谱、光致荧光光谱研究了不同组分和结构变化对聚合物形态和光物理性能的影响.结果表明:聚合物主链上辛基芴基团的引入使聚合物结构从晶态转变为非晶态.共聚物分...     

含烯丙基的三元酚型苯并噁嗪的合成及性能

以合成的1,3,5-三(p-羟基苯基)苯(TP)、烯丙基胺和甲醛为原料,合成了一种新型的含烯丙基的三元酚型苯并噁嗪单体——1,3,5-三(3-烯丙基-3,4-二氢-2H-1,3-苯并噁嗪基)苯(tp-ala).采用核磁共振谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱和差示扫描量热表征了tp-ala的结构和固化行为,用热失重分析、动态热机械分析和荧光光谱测试了固化物P-tp-ala的热性能及光学性能.结果表明,烯丙基的引入使P-tp-ala玻璃化转变温度高达322℃,5%的热失重温度为351℃,800℃残炭率达到61.4%,与不含烯丙基的三元酚型苯并噁嗪相比具有较好的耐热性.在233 nm激发波长下,P-tp-ala的荧光发射波长为350 nm,具有荧光性能.由于P-tp-ala中的芳香含量高,使其折射率高达1.6325,在防折射涂层方面有很好的应用潜力.     

PBO-b-ABPBO多嵌段共聚物的制备及其性能

采用反应挤出法制备了一系列不同组成的聚(对亚苯基苯并二唑/3-氨基-4羟基苯甲酸盐酸盐)(PBO-b-ABPBO)多嵌段共聚物,用傅立叶红外(FT-IR),广角X射线衍射(WXRD)对其结构进行了表征,并用热重分析(TGA)对其热性能进行分析,另外用压差式毛细管流变仪对PBO-b-ABPBO溶液的剪切流变性能进行了研究.结果表明:PBO-b-ABPBO溶液在流动性和可纺性方面较PBO溶液有较大改善,尽管PBO-b-ABPBO纤维的热性能和力学性能比PBO纤维略有下降.     

含甲基三苯胺基团苯并噁唑共聚物的合成和性能

以4,4′-二羰基氯-4″-甲基三苯胺(MeTPADC)、对苯二酰氯(TPC)和硅氧烷化的1,5-二氨基-2,4-二羟基苯二盐酸盐(TBS-DAR)为原料,通过缩合共聚法合成聚酰胺结构预聚体(MeTPA-PrePBO),该预聚物通过高温闭环的方法合成了含甲基三苯胺基团的苯并噁唑共聚物(MeTPA-PBO)。利用核磁共振氢谱(~1 H-NMR)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对各预聚体和苯并噁唑共聚物进行了结构表征,利用热重(TG)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱等测试方法对改性苯并噁唑共聚物进行了热性能和光物理性能分析。结果表明:预聚体在常规溶剂中具有极好的溶解性,高温热关环处理后的MeTPA-PBO在高沸点溶剂(如二甲基亚砜)中也具有一定的溶解性;在氮气气氛和空气气氛中,高温环境下(500℃以上)均表现出优异的热稳定性;MeTPAPBO具有很窄的能带间隙(2.0eV左右),并可以提供强而稳定的荧光强度。     

稀释剂对耐高温环氧树脂性能的影响

采用3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己基甲酸酯(2010P)作为N,N,N',N'-四环氧丙基-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷环氧树脂(AG-80)/六氢苯酐(HHPA)固化体系的稀释剂。 通过粘度、拉伸、高温剪切、示差扫描量热法(DSC)以及高倍显微镜等技术手段及方法,考察稀释剂含量对环氧树脂的粘度、力学性能和热性能的影响,研究了稀释剂与环氧树脂之间的相互作用。 结果表明,2010P可以显著提高树脂的流动性。 随着2010P含量的增加,体系的拉伸强度会呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在质量分数25%时达到最大值。 DSC结果显示,2010P的加入会降低AG-80的玻璃化转变温度,但适量的加入可以进一步提高AG-80环氧树脂在高温条件下的粘接性能。 当2010P的质量分数为30%时,树脂在200 ℃的剪切强度可达到13.78 MPa。     

ZnO纳米棒改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其性能研究

采用低温水热法在超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维表面成功制备了致密均匀的ZnO纳米棒阵列,利用纳米棒阵列与树脂形成啮合结构,有效增强了纤维和树脂之间的界面结合强度.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对纤维改性前后结构与性能变化进行了分析,并通过单丝拔出实验表征了其与环氧树脂间的界面剪切强度(IFSS);探索了反应时间、前驱液浓度对界面性能的影响.研究结果表明这种改性方法对纤维的本征性能几乎无影响,改性后纤维增重仅5%,而与树脂复合后界面剪切强度提升58%,单丝拨出时破坏发生在纳米棒阵列与纤维之间.进一步,利用该方法对UHMWPE织物进行改性,发现使用单宁酸可提高纳米棒阵列与纤维之间的结合力,使得到的UHMWPE@ZnO和UHMWPE@TA-ZnO织物的防穿刺能力分别提升20%和42%.     

2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸结构与性能表征

针对目前国内外关于2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)的研究报道较少,结构性能表征信息分散等现状,自制DHTA,并通过UV、FT-IR、MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR和STA-FTIR等方法对其进行了较全面的结构与热性能表征技术研究.     

甲基磺酸对PBO纤维的表面改性

采用甲基磺酸(MSA)溶液对PBO纤维表面进行化学改性,用单丝拔出试验测定了改性前后PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、接触角分别对处理前后纤维的表面形貌、表面组成以及表面自由能进行了表征.研究结果表明:在甲基磺酸质量分数为60%的溶液中,60℃下处理6 h的PBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度比未处理的提高了81%,并且纤维表面O元素的质量分数增加了13.3%,表面自由能增加了17.3%.当溶液中甲基磺酸的质量分数、处理时间和处理温度进一步提高时,PBO纤维的皮层将遭受破坏,导致界面剪切强度下降.     

一种新的4,6-二氨基间苯二酚盐酸盐的制备方法及与对苯二甲酸的缩合聚合

以间苯二酚为原料,通过乙酰化、肟化、Beckmann重排、水解反应制备4,6-二胺基间苯二酚盐酸盐(DAR·2HCl),并用FTIR,MS,元素分析,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR等对DAR·2HCl及中间体进行了表征.同时,将DAR·2HCl和对苯二酸(TPA)成盐,然后进行缩聚得到具有较高分子量的PBO.通过FTIR和固体¹³CNMR表征了PBO的结构,并研究了PBO的热性能.     

含二羟基二苯酮的系列热致液晶共聚酯的合成和表征──Ⅲ．含4，4＇－二羟基二苯砜结构的共聚酯

含二羟基二苯酮的系列热致液晶共聚酯的合成和表征──Ⅲ．含４，４＇－二羟基二苯砜结构的共聚酯董德文，池振国，倪玉山，丁孟贤（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）陈玉（东北师范大学分析测试中心长春１３００２４）关键词４，４＇－二羟基二苯酮，热致...     

A novel hyperbranched polyester acrylate used for microfabrications

A novel hyperbranched polyester acrylate (HPEA) was synthesized based upon ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as a “core” molecule, 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid as an AB₂ monomer, and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate as an endcapping reagent. The obtained oligomer has an unsaturation concentration of 4.10 mmol_C?C g^?1 measured by nuclear magnetic resonance and a wide molecular weight distribution of 1.64 measured by gel permeation chromatography. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) photopolymerization of HPEA under the exposure of a Ti : sapphire femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 800 nm was investigated through laser exposure dose‐dependant spatial resolutions of its resins. The TPA photopolymerization thresholds at the range 1.6–4.3 × 10⁷ mJ cm^?2, and exposure dose windows at the range 3.4–4.3 for three formulations were determined. A spatial resolution of 0.85 μm was obtained through the TPA photopolymerization of the formulation containing 1 wt% photoinitiator and 0.3 wt% photoinhibitor. A diffraction grating and real three‐dimensional coupled gear wheel created by TPA photopolymerization were described to demonstrate the unique capability of HPEA in microfabrications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Two Zinc(Ⅱ) Complexes Based on 7rany-(1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine: Molecular Structure Analyses and Preparation of Composite Membrane

Two novel complexes Zn2(chda)2(TPA)Cl2(1) and [Zn(chda)2(H2O)2](TPAXH2O)2(2)[chda is a chiral ligand of trans-(1R,2R)-cyclohexanediamine, H2TPA is terephthalic acid] were synthesized at room temperature. The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 2 were identified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. The results showed that complex 1 had a binuclear structure, each Zn(Ⅱ) ion was four coordinated by two N atoms of chda, one O atom of TPA and one Cl atom, to construct a distorted tetrahedral geometry. For complex 2, the Zn(Ⅱ) ion was six coordinated by two chda molecules and two water molecules to form a ZnN4O2 octahedral geometry. Complexes 1 and 2 further extended into three-dimensional supramolecular frameworks by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Hirshfeld surface analysis and fingerprint plots were used to further analyze the contribution of diflerent intermolecular interactions. Further, a composite membrane [Zn(chda)2(H2O)2](TPA)(H2O)2/CA was prepared by adding 10%(mass fraction) of complex 2 into cellulose acetate using acetone/chloroform( V:V-1:1) as solvent.     

Application of polysulfone (PSf)– and polyether ether ketone (PEEK)–tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) composite membranes for water electrolysis

The ion exchange membrane using polysulfone (PSf) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) as a basic material was prepared to apply in the polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis (PEME). The sulfonated block copolymer of PSf and poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (SPSf-co-PPSS) and the sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) were blended with tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) to avoid water swelling at elevated temperatures led to decrease in mechanical strength. These prepared ion exchange membranes showed some interesting characteristics including physicochemical stabilities, mechanical and membrane properties.The prepared ion exchange membrane was utilized to prepare the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA consisted of Pt/PEM/Pt was prepared by equilibrium and non-equilibrium impregnation–reduction (I–R) methods. The prepared MEA by non-equilibrium I–R method was used in the PEME unit cell. The cell voltages of the MEA using SPSf-co-PPSS/TPA and SPEEK/TPA membranes were 1.83 V and 1.90 V at 1 A/cm² and 80 °C, with platinum loadings of 1.12 and 1.01 mg/cm², respectively.     

Copolycondensations of bisphenols with aggregates of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid activated by tosyl chloride/dimethylformamide/pyridine in different manners

A mixture of isophthalic acid (IPA) and terephthalic acid (TPA) was activated by a tosyl chloride/dimethylformamide/pyridine (Py) condensing agent in two steps via the treatment of a mixture of the initially activated IPA/TPA with additional TPA followed by the activation of TPA with the agent. The resulting mixture showed a solubility in Py different from that obtained by the activation of them all at once; the difference might be due to different structures of the aggregates of the activated IPA and TPA at the same composition of the diacids. The structures of the aggregates were evaluated on the basis of melting points and the IR spectra of a mixture of dimethyl esters of IPA and TPA produced by the quenching of the reaction mixtures with methanol. The mixture obtained by two‐step activation showed lower melting points and spectral changes due to enhanced associations of the esters with respect to the mixture prepared by the activation of them all at once. The aggregates were also examined in terms of the distributions of IPA and TPA in thermotropic copolyesters prepared from methylhydroquinone and chlorohydroquinone by their transition temperatures and ¹³C NMR. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3884–3892, 2001     

Determination of tertiary amines based on pH junctions and field amplification in capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection

A stacking approach based on pH junction and field amplification has been developed for determining amines by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection. A two-electrode configuration was employed with an indium/tin oxide-coated glass as a working electrode and a platinum wire as a pseudoreference electrode. The ECL system also contains a flow cell (poly(dimethylsiloxane)-aluminum oxide) that was made from a mixture of Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer, a curing agent, and aluminum oxide. In order to improve the sensitivity of the present CE-ECL system using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)(3) (2+)), a stacking approach based on pH junctions and field amplification has been tested for the analysis of triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine (TPA), and tributylamine (TBA). Once amines (cations) prepared in citric acid solution (pH < 4.0) migrate towards the background electrolyte (15 mM sodium borate at pH 8.0), they slow down and are stacked at the boundary as a result of deprotonation and decreases in the electric field. By applying hydrodynamic injection of the sample for 60 s, this method provides the concentration limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of 24, 20, and 32 nM for TEA, TPA, and TBA, respectively. The results indicate that the stacking CE-ECL system is better than CE-ECL systems using a two-electrode configuration and comparable to those using a three-electrode configuration. The potential applicability of the new and low-cost CE-ECL system has been demonstrated by the determination of 1.0 microM lidocaine, a local anesthetic drug, in urine without any tedious sample preparation.     

高效液相色谱法分析环境样品中的苯基胂化合物

二苯氯胂和二苯氰胂是刺激性毒剂,在环境中易于降解,其产物苯胂酸、苯胂氧、二苯胂酸、氧联双二苯胂和三苯胂比较稳定,对环境危害大。建立了同时测定这5种含胂产物的反相高效液相色谱方法,选择了最佳色谱条件,提供了各组分的紫外光谱图。5种化合物的线性范围分别为8~30,5~40,20~4000,120~8000,1~60 mg/L,检测限分别为0.1,0.1,0.2,10,0.1 mg/L。对实际环境样品进行了分析,结果较好。     

Molecular design and theoretical investigation into one-and two-photon absorption properties of two series of cyclometalated platinum(Ⅱ) complexes

We have theoretically investigated two series of cyclometalated Pt(Ⅱ) complexes,a series [Pt(C,N,N) Cl] and b series [Pt(C,N,Npyrazolyl) Cl].The geometrical and electronic structures are calculated at the ECP60MWB//6-31G*(H,C,Cl,N,S) basis set level using DFT method;one-photon absorption(OPA) properties are calculated by using both TDDFT and ZINDO methods and two-photon absorption(TPA) properties are obtained with the ZINDO/SOS method.The resonance integrals parameters(βsp and βd) for Pt are adjusted to -1 and -28.5 eV,respectively,to make max OPA wavelength calculated by ZINDO closest to the experimental data and TDDFT results.The calculated results indicate the molecule 2b([Pt(Cnaphthyl,N,Npyrazolyl) Cl]) has the biggest potential as outstanding TPA materials because(i) the TPA properties of b series are more outstanding in IR wavelength range,the molecules in b series have good transparencies and possess 1-pyrazolyl-NH that is also available for another metal coordination(e.g.,dimerization) and chemical interactions;(ii) when C is Cnaphthyl in the C,N,N ligand of cyclometalated Pt(Ⅱ) complexes,the molecules have the best conjugation effect and the best TPA properties.     

煤酸浆态床异构化制对苯二甲酸

在分别使用有机高沸点分散剂联苯和联三苯的条件下,以苯甲酸锌为催化剂,进行了煤氧化产物煤酸(水溶酸WSA)钾浆态床异构化制对苯二甲酸(TPA)的研究。主要考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、分散剂用量、二氧化碳初压和反应时间对TPA产率的影响。结果表明,在催化剂存在下煤酸可以转化成TPA。单独煤酸钾异构化时,以联苯为分散剂时较佳反应条件为温度420℃、压力3MPa、催化剂苯甲酸锌用量3%、分散剂用量60%、反应时间1h、TPA收率24.1%。以联三苯为分散剂时较佳反应条件为温度380℃、压力1MPa、催化剂苯甲酸锌用量3%、分散剂用量60%、TPA收率25.2%。煤酸钾与苯甲酸(BA)钾混合异构化时,以联苯为分散剂TPA产率可达60%,以联三苯为分散剂TPA产率可达62%。采用气相色谱对反应产物进行了定性和定量分析。