特级教师王美文教学艺术研究

本文从化学素质教育观、教学理念、课堂教学策略和教学形式、教学艺术等方面探讨特级教师王美文老师的教学风格.     

谈化学教学中元认知能力的培养策略

根据现代教学心理学理论,结合教学实践和具体实例,阐述了在化学教学中元认知能力的培养策略,主要是激发学生求知欲望、营造民主课堂气氛、提供学习反馈、提倡记化学笔记、开展反思活动、启发自我提问及指导策略运用.     

"适当分块"策略在化学教学中的应用

研究了"适当分块策略"的内涵,并以化学概念教学为载体,对该策略的使用效果进行了研究.结果显示,该策略具有减轻学生学习负担、提高化学学习效率的作用,且对女生和中等学业成绩的学生影响尤为显著.     

"化学反应原理"模块的学习情况调查和认知策略研究

"化学反应原理"的内容具有研究对象的复杂性和关联性、研究层次的多样性和交错性、研究方法的综合性和实用性等.化学反应原理学习的难点集中、学习兴趣影响因素众多以及教学和教材缺乏多元化,是导致原理学习困难的主要因素.探查原理学习的策略发现,联系策略、引申拓展策略、概括组织策略及分析递归策略在信息处理的不同阶段发挥着重要作用....     

"情感态度与价值观"目标在中学化学教学中落实的建议

"情感态度与价值观"教学目标是新课程提出的三维教学目标之一.分析了目前中学化学教学中对"情感态度与价值观"目标实施所存在的一些问题,提出了"情感态度与价值观"目标落实策略的建议.     

浅析“5E学习环”在初中化学教学中的运用

“5E学习环”模式是被实践证明了的比较有效的一种理科教学模式和教学策略.结合“燃烧和灭火”的教学实际阐述了“5E学习环”5阶段教学模式在初中化学教学中的运用过程、教学理念及策略.     

选择性注意策略在化学教学中的运用

在化学教学中,呈现在学生面前的化学信息通常是纷繁复杂的,而学生接受信息却又是有限的.要处理好这一矛盾,教师在教学中就必须运用好选择性注意策略.     

化学教学中认知策略的教学训练

认知策略是学习者内部组织起来的调控学习、思维等活动的内部定向技能。化学教学中认知策略的教学训练要经历认知策略价值认同、认知策略尝试、认知策略反思、认知策略迁移和应用、认知策略巩固等阶段。教师要在认知策略教学训练中结合化学教学内容,渗透元认知知识,丰富学生的元认知体验,引导学生进行元认知监控,坚持群体教学与个别指导相结合,引导学生进行合作学习。     

基于核心素养的化学教学目标设计策略

以“化学中常用的物理量--物质的量”为例,介绍了课程目标、单元教学目标和课时教学目标的转化。结合教材内容,分析了基于核心素养制订教学目标的策略,分别有:基于三维目标升华的策略、基于双向细目表的策略和基于教学板块与学习任务的策略。     

通过“教学助理小组”促进化学学困生转化的实践探索

将学困生组成教学助理小组,协助教师完成日常教学活动,并在活动中对他们进行针对性的辅导,是一项集情感策略、指导策略和监控策略于一体,易于操作、便于坚持的转困措施.通过任务驱动,促使学困生不断努力,将自主学习、同伴互助和教师辅导相结合,从而达到转困的目的.     

Strategy for the chiral separation of non-acidic pharmaceuticals using capillary electrochromatography

In completion of an earlier defined generic chiral screening approach, a generic separation strategy for basic, bifunctional, and neutral compounds was proposed and evaluated. This strategy adds to a previously defined strategy for acidic compounds. The screening experiment of the actual strategy used a mobile phase of 5 mM phosphate buffer pH 11.5/ACN (30/70 v/v), a temperature of 25 degrees C, and a voltage of 15 kV. The selected chiral stationary phases were Chiralpak AD-RH, Chiralcel OD-RH, Chiralcel OJ-RH, and Chiralpak AS-RH, all based on polysaccharide selectors. It was seen that 31 out of 48 test compounds were partially or baseline-resolved under screening conditions. After execution of the optimization steps of the strategy, this number increased to 41, with a total of 21 baseline-separated compounds. Combined with the results obtained from the acidic test set examined in the earlier defined strategy, of all tested compounds 82.5% showed enantioselectivity and 49.2% could be baseline-separated.     

Effect of antibody immobilization strategies on the analytical performance of a surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassay

Antibody immobilization strategies (random, covalent, orientated and combinations of each) were examined to determine their performance in a surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassay using human fetuin A (HFA) as the model antigen system. The random antibody immobilization strategy selected was based on passive adsorption of anti-HFA antibody on 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized gold (Au) chips. The covalent strategy employed covalent crosslinking of anti-HFA antibody on APTES-functionalized chips using 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide (EDC) and sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide (SNHS). The orientation strategy used passive adsorption of protein A (PrA) on Au chips, with subsequent binding of the anti-HFA antibody in an orientated fashion via its fragment crystallisable (Fc) region. In the covalent-orientated strategy, PrA was first bound covalently, to the surface, which in turn, then binds the anti-HFA antibody in an orientated manner. Finally, in the most widely used strategy, covalent binding of anti-HFA antibody to carboxymethyldextran (CM5-dextran) was employed. This immobilization strategy gave the highest anti-HFA antibody immobilization density, whereas the highest HFA response was obtained with the covalent-orientated immobilization strategy. Therefore, the covalent-orientated strategy was the best for SPR-based HFA immunoassay and can detect 0.6-20.0 ng/mL of HFA in less than 10 min.     

直接甲醇燃料电池甲醇传质过程分析及浓度控制策略

甲醇溶液浓度对于直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的性能具有重要影响。 本文旨在建立一种能在电源系统中有效控制甲醇浓度的策略。 通过构建电池内甲醇物料守恒和热守恒方程,确定了基于电量和温度这两个参数的甲醇浓度控制策略。 通过测试温度-浓度关系验证了控制策略的可行性。 结果表明,采用该策略,DMFC电源系统稳定运行超过420 min;合适的甲醇浓度范围为0.70~0.87 mol/L。 该策略完成了甲醇浓度控制的目标,并将在电源系统中发挥重要作用。     

Capability of DNA-fueled molecular machine in tuning association rate of DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles

The capability of our newly developed DNA-machine-driven strategy in tuning the association rate of DNA-AuNPs was compared with that of linker-addition strategy which has potential practical applications in different fields. The new established strategy shows its superiority to the linker-addition strategy in tuning the association rate of DNA-AuNPs in both pre-incubation treatment and non-incubation treatment conditions since its two components (a complex and a catalyst-oligonucleotide) can be individually optimized to make the machine run at an optimal rate. This strategy will provide a more convenient and flexible option in designing an oligonucleotide detection system and building a complex and versatile device.     

Preparing molecularly imprinted nanoparticles of saponins via cooperative imprinting strategy

Saponin is an important class of natural products with various pharmacological activities. The selective separation of saponins is an essential step before further analysis. Molecular imprinting has been an effective strategy for preparing antibody mimics. However, a facile and efficient imprinting strategy for saponins is still lacking owing to their amphiphilic nature. Herein, we have prepared the saponins imprinted nanoparticles via cooperative imprinting strategy. This new strategy relies on the combination of various non‐covalent interactions (hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding) and covalent boronate affinity interactions. The obtained imprinted nanoparticles could rebind specific saponins from complex matrices with good selectivity, superb tolerance to interference, and fast binding equilibrium. This method was verified to be versatile and facile. Thus, this strategy could greatly facilitate the preparation of imprinted nanoparticles for the specific recognition of saponins.     

Structural Transformation: Assembly of an Otherwise Inaccessible DNA Nanocage

A strategy of structural transformation for the assembly of DNA nanocages that can not be assembled directly is described. In this strategy, a precursor DNA nanocage is assembled first and then is isothermally transformed into a desired, complicated nanocage. A dramatic, conformational change accompanies the transformation. This strategy has been proven to be successful by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) imaging. We expect that the strategy of structural transformation will be useful for the assembly of many otherwise inaccessible DNA nanostructures and help to increase the structural complexity of DNA nanocages.     

催化不对称反应新进展—不对称活化

介绍了催化不对称催化反应中的一个新概念一不对称活化(asymmetric activation)及其研究的最新进展。运用不对称活化策略,一个光学活性的或者甚至外消旋的催化剂可以被另一种手性活化剂(chiral activator)选择性地活化,从而催化反应生成非外消旋产物。该方法较不对称去活化(asymmetric deactivation)方法的优点是被活化的催化剂能够产生较使用光学纯催化剂更高对映体过量的产物。     

A quick and effective multivariate statistical strategy for imaging mass spectrometry

A new multivariate statistical strategy for analyzing large datasets that are produced by imaging mass spectrometry（IMS） techniques is reported.The strategy divides the whole datacube of the sample into several subsets and analyses them one by one to obtain the results.Instead of analyzing the whole datacube at one time,the strategy makes the analysis easier and decreases the computation time greatly.In this report,the IMS data are produced by the air flow-assisted ionization IMS（AFAI-IMS）.The strategy can be used in combination with most multivariate statistical analysis methods.In this paper,the strategy was combined with the principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least square analysis（PLS）.It was proven to be effective by analyzing the handwriting sample.By using the strategy,the m/z corresponding to the specific lipids in rat brain tissue were distinguished successfully.Moreover the analysis time grew linearly instead of exponentially as the size of sample increased.The strategy developed in this study has enormous potential for searching for the mjz of potential biomarkers quickly and effectively.     

A two-component small molecule system for activity-based detection and signal amplification: application to the visual detection of threshold levels of Pd(II)

A detection and signal amplification strategy aimed toward threshold diagnostic assays for use in resource-limited settings is described. The strategy employs two small molecule reagents that work in tandem. One reagent detects a specific analyte, while the second amplifies a colorimetric readout autocatalytically. The strategy is demonstrated using palladium(II) as a model analyte.     

Copper(II)-catalyzed-α-C(sp3)-H activation of cyclic amines: A simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of fused pyrazole derivatives

In this paper, we have described a simple and efficient strategy for the synthesis of fused pyrazole derivatives. The key steps of our strategy involves hydroamination, copper-catalyzed cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) followed by aromatization (aerial oxidation) in one-pot. Our strategy offers a valuable alternative to known methods for synthesis of fused pyrazole derivatives. Overall, we have synthesized 13 diverse fused pyrazole derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.