Cu-Fe基催化剂上合成气直接制取低碳烯烃的研究

我们采用浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Fe基催化剂,并结合其反应性能和XRD、H2-TPR和XPS等表征结果研究了其催化合成气直接制低碳烯烃的反应行为.结果表明,合成气直接制低碳烯烃Cu-Fe基催化剂的活性组分Cu和Fe之间存在明显的协同效应,Cu-Fe基催化剂表现出优异的合成气直接制低碳烯烃反应性能;Cu基催化剂中引入少量Fe组分明显提高了活性组分Cu的分散度,促进了Cu活性组分的还原,进而有利于催化剂反应性能的改进.初步推断Cu-Fe基催化剂上合成气转化生成低碳烯烃的主要反应历程为CO加氢生成含氧化合物(醇醚等)后再脱水生成低碳烯烃.     

助剂Mo对Ni基催化剂加氢脱氧催化作用机理的影响

制备了一系列Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、乙酸程序升温表面反应、NO-红外漫反射光谱、乙酸(或乙醇)-红外漫反射光谱等表征手段系统研究了助剂Mo的加入对Ni基催化剂的物化性质、乙酸加氢脱氧(HDO)产物、HDO活性位及乙酸(或乙醇)吸附形态的影响.结果表明,Mo的加入可提高活性组分NiO的分散度,且能抑制乙酸C-C键的断裂;Mo的加入可提供氧空穴,以促进乙酸C-O键及中间产物乙醇C-O键的断裂,显著提高了Ni基催化剂的HDO活性和产物C2H6的选择性.表明Mo的加入改变了Ni催化剂HDO的催化作用机理.     

NiFe双金属催化剂用于月桂酸甲酯加氢的研究

负载型Ni Fe/γ-Al_2O_3双金属催化剂的物理化学性质明显受还原温度的影响,进而影响月桂酸甲酯的加氢活性和产物选择性。金属Ni活性中心主要促进脱羰/脱羧(DOC)反应,Fe的加入能促进月桂酸甲酯发生加氢脱氧反应,促进C_(12)烷烃化合物生成。H_2-TPR、XRD、H_2-TPD和BET结果表明,高的还原温度有利于金属或合金活性中心形成,NiFe双金属催化剂的加氢活性取决于金属Ni、Fe和NiFe合金的含量;NiFe双金属催化剂吸附与活化H_2分子的能力明显受还原温度的影响。在研究的温度范围内,Ni活性中心具有优异的加氢和裂解性能,Fe物种的引入能有效抑制裂解性能。双金属催化剂的加氢活性顺序:NF420NF360NF450NF300,在420℃下经H_2还原制得的NF420催化剂具有最佳的月桂酸甲酯加氢性能,在反应温度为380℃时,月桂酸甲酯加氢转化率和烷烃化合物选择性分别高达93.3%和90.0%。     

Ni基催化剂在邻甲酚原位加氢反应中的催化性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列负载型Ni基催化剂,利用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD 等技术表征了催化剂的理化特性,考察了载体（CMK-3、SiO2ZrO2、MgO、Al2O3）、助剂（Cu、Ce、Fe）对Ni基催化剂理化特性的影响,测试了230 oC、0.1 MPa冷压下催化剂对邻甲酚原位加氢反应的性能．结果表明,在负载型镍基催化剂作用下,甲醇水相重整制氢反应可以与邻甲酚的原位加氢反应相耦合;以CMK-3为载体的催化剂活性明显优于其他三种载体,邻甲酚的转化率为45.35%;助剂的添加对催化剂性能影响显著,Fe 的引入使原位加氢体系的转化率降至40.49%,助剂Ce、Cu的加入提高了Ni/CMK-3催化剂的原位加氢反应性能,转化率分别提高至64.6%、66.8%,Cu的添加改变了产物的分布,在产物中出现了新产物甲苯;同时探讨原位加氢反应路径及反应机理．     

Ni/γ-Al2O3中助剂的加入对于CH4/CO2重整反应性能的影响

以含量为2%的K、Cu、La、Mg、Ca、Ba、Mo、Ce等多种金属作为助剂分别加入Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂样品中,并对其分别用于CH4/CO2重整反应时的活性和积碳量进行了考察.研究结果表明加入助剂后的各种催化剂的活性变化不一.其中,以含Ca的催化剂效果最好,其甲烷的转化率可由原来的71.91%增加到72.92%,其次为La.但所有加入助剂后的催化剂的抗积碳性能均有所提高,特别是碱金属K的添加,使催化剂表面积碳量降到了0.1%.这表明添加碱金属或碱土金属助剂,对提高Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂在CH4/CO2重整反应中的抗积炭性能有很大作用.     

Ni的引入对Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上含硫低浓度甲烷燃烧特性的影响

采用共浸渍法制备了不同Ni含量的Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂,在固定床反应器上考察了该催化剂在含硫(SO2,0.01%,体积分数)气氛中对低浓度甲烷(3%)的催化燃烧活性及抗硫中毒稳定性。结果表明,SO2会使Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂发生硫中毒,Ni的加入可增强其抗硫性能,而且随着Ni含量的增加,其抗硫性改善效果越明显。在Ni含量为10%的Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂上反应10 h后,甲烷转化率仍可保持在96%以上。SEM、XRD和TPD表征结果显示,Ni的加入促使Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面生成NiAl2O4尖晶石相,提高了催化剂的稳定性。随着Ni含量的增加,催化剂表面Lewis酸性降低,吸附SO2的能力减弱,可延缓催化剂硫中毒,同时也缩短了CO2分子在催化剂表面的停留时间,从而提高了甲烷催化燃烧效率。     

La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响

用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用CH4/CO2体积比为1的混合气体模拟沼气,考察了La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的结构及催化性能的影响.运用XRD、H2-TPR、BET及TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,La2O3对催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响主要取决于其含量.载体中La2O3的添加增强了Ni与Al2O3之间的相互作用.添加适量的La2O3能使催化剂具有更好的可还原性,并能增加金属Ni的分散性,抑制反应过程中Ni的烧结,提高载体对CO2的吸附能力,从而改善了催化剂的抗积炭性,使催化剂具有较好的活性及稳定性.反之,过量La2O3的掺杂会使催化剂的抗积炭性及活性下降.当La2O3含量为6%(ω)时,催化剂中Ni晶粒具有较好的分散性、还原性及抗积炭性,从而使催化剂具有更好的活性及稳定性.     

La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响

用浸渍法制备了不同La2O3含量的Ni/La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂, 用CH4/CO2体积比为1的混合气体模拟沼气, 考察了La2O3对沼气重整制氢催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的结构及催化性能的影响. 运用XRD、H2-TPR、BET及TEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, La2O3对催化剂Ni/γ-Al2O3的影响主要取决于其含量. 载体中La2O3的添加增强了Ni与Al2O3之间的相互作用. 添加适量的La2O3能使催化剂具有更好的可还原性, 并能增加金属Ni的分散性, 抑制反应过程中Ni的烧结, 提高载体对CO2的吸附能力, 从而改善了催化剂的抗积炭性, 使催化剂具有较好的活性及稳定性. 反之, 过量La2O3的掺杂会使催化剂的抗积炭性及活性下降. 当La2O3含量为6%(w)时, 催化剂中Ni晶粒具有较好的分散性、还原性及抗积炭性, 从而使催化剂具有更好的活性及稳定性.     

镍盐前体对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化加氢活性的影响

用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、程序升温还原、CO化学吸附和微反应测试等方法研究了不同镍盐前体制备的负载型Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的结构和催化α-蒎烯加氢活性.结果表明,用醋酸镍前体制备的催化剂的催化加氢活性远高于用硝酸镍前体制备的催化剂,并且这种催化加氢活性的差异与不同前体制备的Ni O/γ-Al2O3样品表面Ni2 的分散状态及还原度密切相关.当Ni2 负载量远低于其在γ-Al2O3载体表面上的分散容量时,Ni2 优先嵌入载体表面四面体空位,随着Ni2 负载量的增加,嵌入载体表面八面体空位的Ni2 的比例增大.由于醋酸根阴离子对γ-Al2O3载体表面四面体空位的屏蔽效应大于硝酸根阴离子,在醋酸镍前体制备的Ni O/γ-Al2O3样品表面,Ni2 倾向于嵌入载体表面八面体空位且易被还原为金属态Ni0,故用醋酸镍前体制备的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的催化α-蒎烯加氢活性高于用硝酸镍前体制备的催化剂.     

Ni2P/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征及其对4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应的催化性能

 以硅酸钠为原料,以大孔Al2O3为基载体,采用水解沉积法制备了SiO2-Al2O3复合载体. 进而以非晶态镍基合金为前驱体,在低温下通过PH3处理制备了Ni2P/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂. 用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和N2吸附技术对复合载体和催化剂进行了表征,并以4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩为探针在小型连续流动固定床反应器上考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明,在γ-Al2O3载体表面引入SiO2能够明显减少γ-Al2O3表面四配位的Al3+离子,从而减弱Ni2P/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂中Ni2P和γ-Al2O3载体表面的强相互作用. 加入适量的SiO2后, SiO2-Al2O3复合载体仍能保持大孔γ-Al2O3载体孔结构的优势. 在实验范围内, Ni2P/SiO2-Al2O3催化剂表现出很好的加氢脱硫性能.     

助剂Cu对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂低温还原性能影响

制备了一系列铜质量分数不同的CuNi/γ-Al2O3催化剂，进行了TPR和XRD表征并测定了该系列催化剂对苯加氢制环己烷的催化活性。结果表明，助剂Cu的负载量对低温（160 ℃）还原后催化剂的催化活性影响很大，在铜镍原子摩尔比为1∶1时，催化剂具有较高的催化活性和稳定性；添加铜组分可促进镍在载体表面分散，使负载NiO的还原温度降低，催化活性提高。     

Methane Dry Reforming over Alumina Supported Co Catalysts

A series of Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared with the impregnation .method and characterized by means of the BET specific surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Laser Raman spectroscopy. The Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were activated by using H2, 20%CH4/H2 or CH4, re-spectively. There was no obvious difference between the activities of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst activated by us-ing the different activation methods for methane dry reforming. The catalytic properties of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different Co loadings were also investigated. The optimized Co loading for the Co/γ-Al2O3 cata-lyst pretreated with 20% CH4/H2 is around 12% (mass fraction).     

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ Catalyst

The transition metals (Cu, Co, and Fe) were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ catalyst.The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ autothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS.Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals (Cu and Co) significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature,and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ was found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts.Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ.     

Ni2+在γ-Al2O3上的分散状态及负载型Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的α-蒎烯加氢活性

用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫散射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、程序升温还原(TPR)、CO化学吸附和微反测试等方法研究了Ni²⁺在γ-Al₂O₃上的分散状态和负载型Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的α-蒎烯加氢催化活性。结果表明，当Ni²⁺负载量远低于其在γ-Al₂O₃载体表面分散容量时，Ni²⁺优先嵌入载体表面四面体空位，随着Ni²⁺负载量的增加，嵌入载体表面八面体空位Ni²⁺的比例增大。由于八面体Ni²⁺易被还原为金属态Ni⁰，NiO/γ-Al₂O₃样品的还原度随Ni²⁺负载量的增加而大幅度地增加，经氢还原所得Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的CO吸附量和α-蒎烯加氢催化活性大幅度增加。对La₂O₃助剂的作用进行了研究，结果表明分散在γ-Al₂O₃上的La³⁺物种可阻止Ni²⁺嵌入γ-Al₂O₃表面四面体空位，增大了八面体Ni²⁺物种所占比例，提高了催化剂的还原度，故Ni-La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂催化活性高于Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。     

Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3基催化剂上CH3OH和CO的完全氧化

合成了Ａｇ／Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３、Ａｇ／Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３／γ－ＡＩ２Ｏ３两毓催化剂,发现钙钛矿型Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３对低浓度ＣＨ３ＯＨ或ＣＯ的完全氧化显示出相当高的催化活性,适量Ａｇ对钙钛矿型Ｌａ０．６Ｓ５０．４ＭｎＯ３基质的修使其对ＣＨ３ＯＨ或ＣＯ完全氧化催化活性获明显提高;在６％Ａｇ／２０％Ｌａ０．６Ｓｒ０．４ＭｎＯ３／γ－ＡＩ２Ｏ３催化剂 ,ＣＨ３ＯＨ完全氧化的Ｔ     

PREPARATION OF CUO/γ-Al2O3 CATALYSTS FOR CATALYTIC COMBUSTION VOCS VIA PLASMA

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by plasma treatment and conventional impregnation methods. The catalytic combustion of two kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toluene and benzene, were carried out over these CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The surface properties of these catalysts were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that in catalytic combustion the activity of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared via plasma was much higher than that of the CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by conventional impregnation method. XRD results showed that an enhanced dispersion had been achieved with the plasma treatment. SEM results indicated that the size became much smaller and the surface became more uniform with the plasma treatment.     

过渡金属掺杂亚铁锌双金属氰化物催化合成生物柴油的研究

研究了掺杂过渡金属盐(La、Ce、Zr、Mn)对亚铁锌双金属氰化物(DMC)固体酸催化剂合成生物柴油的影响,并采用XRD、FT-IR、ICP、BET等方法对其进行结构和性能表征。结果表明,1%的镧、铈、锆、锰金属盐对催化剂的活性都有提高,其中,添加1%镧的DMC催化剂活性最高,在醇油摩尔比16∶1,反应温度160 ℃,催化剂加入量2%条件下,反应7 h,脂肪酸甲酯收率达到99.3%。过渡金属盐引入对催化剂的组成没有影响,但使得催化剂更加分散,颗粒粒径更小,比表面积变大,有利于催化剂和反应物的接触,从而提高了催化剂活性。     

Comparing the deactivation behaviour of Co/CNT and Co/γ-Al2O3 nano catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

An extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis on cobalt nano particles supported on γ-alumina and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalysts is reported.20 wt% of cobalt is loaded on the supports by impregnation method.The deactivation of the two catalysts was studied at 220 C,2 MPa and 2.7 L/h feed flow rate using a fixed bed micro-reactor.The calcined fresh and used catalysts were characterized extensively and different sources of catalyst deactivation were identified.Formation of cobalt-support mixed oxides in the form of xCoO yAl2O3 and cobalt aluminates formation were the main sources of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst deactivation.However sintering and cluster growth of cobalt nano particles are the main sources of the Co/CNTs catalyst deactivation.In the case of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst,after 720 h on stream of continuous FT synthesis the average cobalt nano particles diameter increased from 15.9 to 18.4 nm,whereas,under the same reaction conditions the average cobalt nano particles diameter of the Co/CNTs increased from 11.2 to 17.8 nm.Although,the initial FT activity of the Co/CNTs was 26% higher than that of the Co/γ-Al2O3,the FT activity over the Co/CNTs after 720 h on stream decreased by 49% and that over the Co/γ-Al2O3 by 32%.For the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 6.7% of total activity loss and for the Co/CNTs catalyst 11.6% of total activity loss cannot be recovered after regeneration of the catalyst at the same conditions of the first regeneration step.It is concluded that using CNTs as cobalt catalyst support is beneficial in carbon utilization as compared to γ-Al2O3 support,but the Co/CNTs catalyst is more susceptible for deactivation.     

F-T组分改性KCuZrO2催化剂上CO加氢合成异丁醇的性能研究

采用共沉淀法分别制备了不同F-T组分(Fe、Co、Ni)改性的KCuZrO_2催化剂,并用于催化CO加氢合成异丁醇。通过BET、XRD、TEM、XPS、H_2-TPR、CO-TPD以及in-situ DRIFTS对催化剂进行了表征。结果显示,F-T组分的加入促进了乙醇和丙醇的形成,但是对异丁醇选择性影响不同。结果表明,Fe促进了催化剂中各组分的分散,活性组分Cu在催化剂表面发生了富集,提高了H_2/CO活化吸附;另外,KFeCuZrO_2的催化剂表面含有较多的C1物种,有利于乙醇和丙醇进一步发生β-加成反应得到异丁醇,而Co和Ni改性的催化剂上缺少足够的C1物种,因此,异丁醇的选择性并未明显增加。Co的引入对催化剂结构以及Cu的分散影响不大,但是Co改性后催化剂性能有所下降,其原因是催化剂发生了失活; Ni添加后催化剂比表面积有所减小,且催化剂表面Cu/Zr物质的量比也降低到0. 19,催化剂粒径增大,Cu-Zr之间相互作用减弱,异丁醇选择性降低。     

Enhanced catalytic performance for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas over a La2O3 modified Cu-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3 hybrid catalyst

A series of hybrid catalysts were made by physically mixing Cu-ZrO 2 and γ-Al 2 O 3,for former it was modified with different loadings of La 2 O 3 prepared by co-precipitation method.The catalysts were characterized by BET,XRD,N 2 O-adsorption,EXAFS,H 2-TPR,NH 3-TPD techniques and evaluated in the synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas.The results show that La 2 O 3 promoted catalysts displayed a significantly better catalytic performance compared with Cu-ZrO 2 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst in CO conversion and DME selectivity,and the optimum catalytic activity was obtained when the content of La 2 O 3 was 12 wt%.The characterizations reveal that high copper dispersion,facile reducibility of copper particles and appropriate amount of acidic sites are responsible for the superior catalytic performance.