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芳香取代的几种新方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了芳香取代的几种新方法及其在有机合成中的应用。主要包括:(1)Vicarious亲核取代,(2)邻位金属化定向反应,(3)钯催化的取代方法等。 相似文献
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谈到芳香取代反应,人们立刻会想到芳环上取代基的o~-、p-、m~-位上氢原子的取代反应。然而对另一类反应,即环上取代基本身的取代反应却少为人知。它是起始于试剂对芳环上取代基所在位置(ipso位)的进攻,进而置换了该取代基的反应。称作ipso取代反应。某些研究表明,试剂对氢原子所在位置的进攻与它对ipso位的进攻处于竞争状态,往 相似文献
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1—(取代异恶唑基)—1,2,4—三唑和1—(取代嘧啶基)—1,2,4—… 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
合成了15个新的1-(取代恶唑基)-1,2,4-三唑和1(取代嘧啶基)-1,2,4-三唑化合物,经元素分析、IR、HNMR和MS证实基,对其代表化合物进行抑菌及植物生长调节活性的初步观察。 相似文献
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The enthalpy changes, entropy changes and equilibrium constants of coordination reactions of 18-crown-6 with the alkali ions Na+ and K+ at 298.15K were measured by using RD-496 microcalorimeter with methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol as solvents respectively. The results indicated that the enthalpy changes △rHm, entropy changes △rSm, and the stability of the complexes are closely related with the polarity of the solvents, and the order of the stability is ethanol>methanol>n-propanol>n-butanol>H2O for the same complex in the solvents investigated. The stability order was reasonably explained by relating the stability constants of the complexes with the dielectric constants of these solvents, and by using the model of solvated-desolvated ions and ion pair in the coordination reactions. 相似文献
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The thermodynamic properties of xanthone(XTH) and 135 polybrominated xanthones(PBXTHs) in the standard state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using Gaussian 03 program.The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation(△fHθ) and standard free energy of formation(△fGθ) of PBXTH congeners.The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of Br atom substitution(NPBS) were discussed,and it was found that there exist high correlation between thermodynamic parameters(entropy(Sθ),△fHθ and △fGθ) and NPBS.According to the relative magnitude of their △fGθ,the relative stability order of PBXTH congeners was theoretically proposed.The relative rate constants of formation reactions of PBXTH congeners were calculated,Moreover,the values of molar heat capacity at constant pressure(Cp,m) from 200 to 1000 K for PBXTH congeners were also calculated,and the temperature dependence relation of them was obtained,suggesting very good relationships between Cp,m and temperature(T,T-1 and T-2) for almost all PBXTH congeners. 相似文献
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A thermodynamic study is reported for the coordination reaction of ZnT ( m-X)PP derivatives (X = NO2, Cl, OCH3, H or CH3) with various ligands L (L= imidazole (Im), 2-methylimidazole (MeIm), clotrimidazole (CIM), imidazole-4-carboxaldehyde (4-CHOIm), unsymmetrical tetradentate copper Schiff base, CuIm(p-Cl), CuIm(p-Br), and nickel Schiff base, NiIm(p-Cl)), in dichloromethane solvent. Conversion of the four-coordinated ZnT( m-X)PP to the five-coordinated species is followed and isosbestic behavior is exhibited in the region among 450 and 700 run. The reaction of a copper(Ⅱ) or nickel(Ⅱ) imidazolate Schiff base with ZnT(m-X)PP results in the formation of an imidazolate bridged heterobinuclear complex. The stoichiometric number is unity for all axial ligands. The equilibrium constants were determined using the β band of ZnT( m-X)-PP in the 293-308 K range by the method of Rose and Drago. It increases with decrease in temperature, and △H0 < 0, △S0 < 0. The stronger the nucleophilic ability of the axial 相似文献
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非对称取代卟啉锌、镉的生成反应动力学及动力学盐效应研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文报道应用停流方法对非对称取代卟啉[5-(4-乙酰氨基苯基)-10,15,20-三(4-甲基苯基)卟啉](H2T(p-CH3)3(p-NHCOCH3)PP)与Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)在丙酮中的生成反应动力学进行了研究,提出了反应机理,并用非线性拟合和线性拟合的方法求得了生成反应各基元步骤的动力学参数,同时还探讨了温度,溶剂效应、动力学盐效应对反应体系的影响,并对锌、镉两种卟啉在生成机理及生成反应速率上的差异给予了解释。 相似文献
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The one-electron oxidation of ZnT(t-Bu)PP (T(t-Bu)PP2- = 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin dianion) by one equivalent of Ru(bpy)33+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) results in quantitative formation of ZnT(t-Bu)PP*+ which is detected by ESR. In the presence of excess ZnT(t-Bu)PP, the ESR line width becomes broader with increasing ZnT(t-Bu)PP concentration due to the electron self-exchange between ZnT(t-Bu)PP*+ and ZnT(t-Bu)PP. The line width of the ESR signal of ZnT(t-Bu)PP*+ becomes broader as the temperature is decreased from 313 to 233 K. This indicates that the electron self-exchange reaction becomes faster at a lower temperature. The substituent and solvent effects on such a negative temperature dependence of the electron self-exchange rates are reported. 相似文献
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四种含苯并咪唑基双核Cu(Ⅰ)配合物的合成、表征和氧合性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文合成了四种具苯并咪唑基配体:邻-二[N,N'-二(2'-苯并咪唑甲基]氨基]-反式-环己烷(OCTB)及其三种系列物,分别与[Cu^Ⅰ(CH~3CN)~4]ClO~4]反应制得了相应的双核Cu(Ⅰ)配合物1-4。经元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振等表明自由配体及其相应配合物均符合组成。紫外-可见光谱表明配合物1-4具有氧合性能, 它们的无色DMF溶液吸氧后呈绿色,在可见区700nm附近出现宽吸收峰, 用抗环血酸还原成无色, 如此可循环3-4次。用气体吸收测量方法算得配合物1-4于DMF中氧合反应平衡常数, △H°和△S°。研究表明, 配体苯并咪唑N上空间位阻大不利于氧合; 斥电性取代基可增加配位原子的电负性, 使中心原子Cu(Ⅰ)上电子密度增加, 有利于氧合。在不同溶剂中氧合速度大小为: DMF>DMSO>Py。 相似文献
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使用BeckmannDU-8B紫外可见分光光度计研究了以氯合四-间三甲苯基卟啉铁(Ⅲ)(FeTMPCl)为催化剂,间氯过氧化苯甲酸(mCPBA)为氧化剂,咪唑(I_m)、2-甲基咪唑(MeI_m)、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(EMI_m)为轴向配体,催化β-胡萝卜素(β-cte)氧化分解为维生素A的动力学规律,提出了反应机理,研究了温度、催化剂浓度、氧化剂浓度及轴向配体对反应速率的影响,应用Gauss-Newton-Marquardt方法求得各基元反应的有关动力学参数. 相似文献
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无水苯甲酸锂的合成、结构表征及热化学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用分析纯苯甲酸和一水氢氧化锂作为反应物, 采用水热合成法制得苯甲酸锂. 利用X射线粉末衍射、FTIR、元素分析及化学分析等方法对样品进行组成和结构表征. 采用精密自动绝热热量计测量了其在80~400 K范围内的摩尔热容, 利用最小二乘法将此温区热容实验值对折合温度进行拟合, 得到热容随温度变化的多项式方程. 通过设计合理的热化学循环, 选用0.1 mol/L HCl溶液作为量热溶剂, 利用等温环境溶解-反应热量计分别测定合成反应的反应物和产物在所选溶剂中的溶解焓, 得到反应焓ΔrHm0=-(9.75±0.27) kJ/mol. 利用Hess定律计算出苯甲酸锂的标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHm0(C6H5COOLi, s)=-(307.82±0.57) kJ/mol. 相似文献