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1.
建立了土壤中13种极性除草剂与20种非极性有机氯农药的同时萃取检测的方法.利用加速溶剂萃取过程中的温度环境与溶剂环境,使强极性氯代酸性除草剂与五氟苄基溴在萃取池内反应,酯化产物的极性显著降低.利用丙酮溶剂使之与非极性的有机氯农药同时萃取;利用衍生产物与有机氯农药的高电负性使除草剂与有机氯农药在气相色谱负化学源质谱上同时...  相似文献   

2.
初丽伟  阎吉昌  陈丹  侯志广  范志先 《分析化学》2006,34(10):1482-1486
建立了生晒参、全须生晒参中19种有机氯农药残留的毛细管气相色谱分析方法。对样品中六六六的4种异构体、滴滴涕的5种异构体、四氯苯胺、六氯苯、五氯硝基苯、七氯、五氯苯胺、艾氏剂、百菌清、环氧七氯、狄氏剂及异狄氏剂共19种有机氯农药的残留量进行了测定。以石油醚-丙酮混合物作为提取剂,样品采用索氏提取,提取液用弗罗里硅土柱层析净化。采用OV-1701石英毛细管气相色谱柱分离样品,ECD检测器进行检测。在3个水平添加时的回收率(n=5)分别为75.7%~96.1%、78.8%~111.6%和81.7%~115·2%;相对标准偏差分别为2.4%~10.6%、2.1%~9.8%和1.4~10.0%。方法用于生晒参和全须生晒参样品中农药残留的测定,结果满意。  相似文献   

3.
曹学丽  姚渭溪 《色谱》1994,12(6):401-403
 以电子捕获毛细管气相色谱为测定手段,探讨了用正相高效波相色谱分离多氯联苯和有机氯农药的可能性,并将该方法应用于海洋沉积物样品中有机氯农药的测定。  相似文献   

4.
环境保护部标准样品研究所组织16家实验室开展了土壤中有机氯农药检测实验室间比对,以考察实验室分析土壤中有机氯农药的能力。实验室间比对检测样品为土壤基体有证标准样品。比对结果表明,参加比对实验室检测土壤中六六六、滴滴涕、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、环氧七氯、硫丹和氯丹等18种有机氯农药的结果满意率为75%~100%,18个检测项目中16个检测项目检测结果满意率在81%以上,其检测能力满足土壤中有机氯农药标准样品的定值要求。  相似文献   

5.
建立了枇杷花中有机氯类农药残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法。对采自福建蒲田等12地的枇杷花中六六六(4种异构体)、滴滴涕(4种异构体)、五氯硝基苯共9种有机氯农药的残留量进行了测定。样品采用丙酮超声波提取,浓缩后过Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,洗脱剂为V(正己烷)∶V(丙酮)100∶1。用DB-1701弹性石英毛细管气相色谱柱分离样品,微电子捕获检测器进行检测。9种有机氯农药的峰面积与其质量浓度均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,最低检测限为0.016~0.125μg/L,样品的加标回收率为85.4%~106.9%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~9.8%。该方法能够满足农药残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

6.
键合固定相是一种新型气相色谱固定相。山西煤化所曾用SE-30改性的PEG20M-CBP分离了有机氯农药,可是按文献制备的PEG20M-CBP成功率低。作者研制成功了PEG1000—CBP,这种键合相经OV-17改性后,在24分钟内能有效地分离有机氯农药,其灵敏度、分离情况较  相似文献   

7.
李樱  储晓刚  仲维科  李淑娟  何友昭 《色谱》2004,22(5):551-554
 基于凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对脂类和色素的优良分离能力,系统研究了其对有机氯农药、拟除虫菊酯农药、多氯联苯和糙米基体的分离行为。介绍了一种可同时测定糙米中35种拟除虫菊酯、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)检测,外标法定量。在低、中、高浓度3个添加水平上的回收率分别为70.1%~107.4%,70.3%~109.9%和70.8%~109.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%~13.3%;有机氯农药和多氯联苯的检出限为0.07 μg/k  相似文献   

8.
阎正  封棣  李申杰  赵亚奎  杨慧 《色谱》2005,23(3):308-311
 建立了中草药中有机氯类农药残留量的固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱(SPE-CGC)分析方法。对丹参、黄芩、射干、白芍、白芷、天南星、牛蒡子、知母、桔梗共9种中草药中六六六的4种异构体、滴滴涕的4种异构体、七氯、艾氏剂、环氧七氯、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂共13种有机氯农药的残留量进行了测定。以丙酮-正己烷混合物作提取剂,采用超声波提取样品,然后用Florisil固相萃取小柱快速净化提取物。采用SPB-5弹性石英毛细管气相色谱柱分离样品,电化学检测器进行检测。13种农药的峰面积与其质量浓度均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998。最小检测量为0.064~0.61 μg/L;样品的加标回收率为87.3%~102.3%(相对标准偏差为1.3%~6.8%)。该法简便快速、灵敏准确,具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
关于有机氯杀虫剂残留量的气相色谱分析,已有许多报导。国外除六六六、DDT外,还大量使用艾氏剂、七氯、荻氏剂等,故其所用色谱柱需考虑十几个甚至更多的有机氯化合物的分离。我国农药中六六六用量最大,DDT为六六六的十分之一,其他品种的应用则极少。但在残留量分析法中,目前仍多采用与国外类似的色谱柱,不但分析时间长,而且有的组分不能完全分离。为此,需要研究一种快速和分离效率高的色谱柱。影响气相色谱柱效和分离速度的因素很多。在目前普遍使用2—4毫米内径填充柱的情况下,我们认为载气、载体和固定液的种类是影响柱效和分离速度的主要因素。因此,本文针对国内使用农药情况,  相似文献   

10.
建立了淀粉中14种有机氯农药:六六六及滴滴涕的4种异构体、五氯硝基苯、四氯硝基苯、四氯苯胺、五氯苯胺、腐霉利、甲基五氯苯基硫醚(MPCPS)的微波辅助和气相色谱分析方法.优化了气相色谱检测条件,考察了提取方法、萃取条件、净化条件对提取效果的影响.目标农药在20~200 μg/kg范围内线性良好,平均回收率在68%~10...  相似文献   

11.
Water-miscible solvents, such as acetone and acetonitrile, effectively extract both polar and nonpolar pesticide residues from nonfatty foods. The addition of sodium chloride to the resulting acetonitrile-water or acetone-water extract (salting out) results in the separation of the water from the organic solvent. However, the organic solvent layer (pesticide extract) still contains some residual water, which can adversely affect separation procedures that follow, such as solid-phase extraction and/or gas chromatography. Drying agents, such as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate, are used to remove the water from the organic extracts. In the present study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the composition of the phases resulting from salting out and to compare the effectiveness of sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate as drying agents. The study showed that considerable amounts of water remained in the organic phase after phase separation. Sodium sulfate was a relatively ineffective drying agent, removing little or no residual water from the organic solvent. Magnesium sulfate proved to be a much more effective drying agent.  相似文献   

12.
Carbofuran, and non-conjugated 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran were extracted from carrots, corn and potatoes with acetone and partitioned into hexane-methylene chloride. The organic extract was evaporated to a small volume for clean-up on a 2% deactivated Florisil column. All three carbamates were eluted with 15% acetone in hexane. The pesticide residues were hydrolysed to their corresponding phenols with 0.1 M sodium carbonate followed by derivatization with dansyl chloride in acetone. The derivatives were extracted and analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation, 360 nm; emission, greater than 400 nm). Absolute recoveries for all three compounds were between 50 and 65% for spiked samples by the extraction method used. Detection limits approached 0.01 ppm in the foods studied.  相似文献   

13.
The photocatalytic degradation of 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA) in aqueous TiO(2) dispersions irradiated with simulated solar light was investigated. Fast primary degradation of the herbicide, which obeys a pseudo-first order law, was observed. Complete mineralisation of the organic carbon to CO(2) was obtained after long term irradiation, with corresponding stoichiometric transformation of organic chlorine into chloride ion. Various aromatic intermediates, originating from 2,3,6-TBA, were detected during the treatment and identified using GC-MS. From the analytical data, a possible multi-step degradation scheme was proposed. The photocatalytic treatment of the pesticide was also performed in the presence of Brij 35 micellar solutions, although strong inhibition of the process was observed. When surfactant aggregates are present the photocatalytic destruction of 2,3,6-TBA is still possible at reasonable rates only after a proper dilution of the waste and by increasing significantly the semiconductor/pollutant ratio.  相似文献   

14.
通过过在三种不同脱活试剂中加入二丁基二月桂酸锡催化剂对石英石细管柱进行预脱活处理,屏蔽石英毛细管内表面的活性点,改善石英毛细管柱内表面与固定相的润湿性,提高色谱柱的柱效和耐温性,降低柱流失,从而制备出高质量的石英毛细管色谱柱,同时考察了不同固定相与不同脱活层的润湿性,对中药材和食品中有机氯农药残留量进行了分析,得到了满意的效果。  相似文献   

15.
A simple method of encapsulating water-insoluble pesticides in a starch matrix is described. The method consists of mixing the pesticide with alkali starch followed by precipitation with a calcium chloride solution. A starch–calcium adduct that entraps the pesticide in small cells within granular particles is formed. Liquid and solid pesticides were successfully encapsulated by the new method. By use of the herbicide trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] as core material more than 90% recovery and encapsulation was achieved. Use of acid-modified starches and flours resulted in a lower percentage of encapsulation. Effective encapsulation was also achieved by replacing calcium chloride with strontium chloride or barium chloride.  相似文献   

16.
The cationic polymerization of 1, 3-pentadiene was initiated by the organic azide/Et_2 AlClinitiating system in CH_2Cl_2 and n-hexane. The polymerizations were also carried out in parallelwith organic chloride/Et_2AlCl and Et_2 AlCl alone for comparison. The Et_2 AlCl- induced polymer-ization gives a low yield while the polymerization initiated by organic chloride/Et_2 AlCl producesmainly insoluble product. In contrast, the polymerization with azide/Et,AlCl has a high conver-sion and the resulting polymer having a high molecular weight is totally soluble. The SEC spectraof the polymers have clearly shown the differences between these initiating systems.  相似文献   

17.
Acephate is a commonly used organophosphate insecticide applied on agricultural crops and in residential communities. Because very little acephate is metabolized prior to excretion, the parent pesticide compound can be measured in human urine. The residue method must be sensitive enough to determine human exposure and potential health risk for both agricultural workers and their families who may be exposed by pesticide drift or by inadvertent carry-home residues. A reliable and sensitive method was developed to measure acephate concentrations in human urine. Urine was diluted with water and acetone, adjusted to a neutral pH, and partitioned twice in acetone-methylene chloride (1 + 1, v/v), with NaCl added to aid separation. The solvent-reduced organic phase extracts were clarified by activated charcoal solid-phase extraction and then adjusted to a final volume with the addition of a D-xylose analyte protectant solution to reduce matrix enhancement effects. Acephate concentrations in urine were determined by gas chromatography using pulsed flame photometric detection. The method limit of detection was established at 2 microg/L, with a method limit of quantitation of 10 microg/L. The average recovery from urine fortified with 10-500 microg/L was 102 +/- 12% (n = 32).  相似文献   

18.
A high-sensitivity proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (HS-PTR-MS) has been used to study the temporal evolution of pesticide concentrations in indoor environments. Because of the high time variability of the indoor air concentrations during household pesticide applications, the use of this online high time resolution instrument is found relevant. Four pyrethroid pesticides of the latest generation that are commonly found in electric vaporizer refills, namely, transfluthrin, empenthrin, tetramethrin, and prallethrin, were considered. A controlled pesticide generation system was settled and coupled to a HS-PTR-MS analyzer, and a calibration procedure based on the fragmentation patterns of the protonated molecules was performed. To illustrate the functionality of the method, measurements of the concentration-time profiles of transfluthrin contained in an electric vaporizer were carried out in a full-scale environmental room under air exchange rate-controlled conditions. This study demonstrates that the HS-PTR-MS technique can provide online and high time-resolved measurements of semi-volatile organic compounds such as pyrethroid insecticides.  相似文献   

19.
张金凤  李萍  马玖彤  贾琼 《色谱》2021,39(2):173-183
农药的研发与使用极大地提高了农作物的产量,为解决人类温饱、改善人类生活品质做出了贡献。但是,农药广泛残留于农副产品以及土壤和水体中,造成的污染日趋严重。残留的农药通常具有微量致毒、难生物降解、生物累积等特性,对生物健康与生态系统造成了巨大威胁。高效检测微量农药、减小污染危害是亟待解决的问题。吸附法具有成本低、操作简单、稳定性强、可重复性强的特点,在农药分离预富集领域得到了广泛关注。作为一种常用的农药吸附剂材料,环糊精是一类具有空腔的超分子化合物,能够作为主体通过主客体作用形成包合物;另外,可以通过醚化、酯化、氧化等化学反应对环糊精进行后修饰以提高其吸附性能。疏水作用、静电作用、范德华力、氢键作用、立体效应协同促进对农药的吸附。环糊精在农药吸附领域已经取得了一定进展,但是目前还没有基于环糊精的农药吸附剂的综述。该文针对杀菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂这4类农药,系统性地评述了基于环糊精的农药吸附剂的制备、吸附机理及应用,目前存在个别吸附剂吸附容量不高、降解机理不明确、降解产物对环境不友好、容易造成二次污染的问题,研发高吸附容量、易回收、易分离、易再生的基于环糊精的农药吸附剂是未来的主要研究方向。  相似文献   

20.
Eight chiral pesticides, which were selected to cover different pesticide species and origins of chirality, were investigated to explore their chiral stability in organic solvents and water. Profenophos, fenamiphos, quizalofop-ethyl, dichlorprop-methyl (DCPP-methyl) and acetochlor were showed stable under all test conditions. However, significant racemization was observed for malathion, phenthoate and fenpropathrin in methanol, ethanol and water, but not in n-hexane, isopropanol, acetone or methylene chloride. The kinetic parameters (rate constant k and half-life T1/2) of the abiotic racemization were calculated through a mathematical model of the first-order reaction. Furthermore, the extent of racemization varied among the solvents and was also affected by temperature dependence. The racemization of malathion, phenthoate and fenpropathrin in water was documented to be pH-dependent and took place more rapidly at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.8. The observed racemization was deduced to occur via a proton exchange process at the chiral center, and the relationship between the abiotic racemization and pesticide structure was further explored. Findings from this study are useful for better understanding enantioselectivity of chiral pesticides in environment and also for proper analysis, formulating or handling of enantiopure products.  相似文献   

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