磷钨酸季铵盐催化氧化汽油深度脱硫

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和磷钨酸为原料制备了磷钨酸季铵盐催化剂,并对催化剂进行了红外光谱和SEM表征。研究了磷钨酸季铵盐为催化剂,双氧水为氧化剂,催化氧化法生产低硫汽油技术。考察了萃取剂以及氧化条件和萃取条件对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在汽油10 mL,双氧水0.01 mL,催化剂0.0016 g,氧化温度30℃,氧化时间60 m in的条件下,采用复合溶剂LJ-1进行萃取,萃取温度20℃,静置时间15 m in,剂油比为1时,直溜汽油中的硫含量由179.3 mg/L降至10.8 mg/L,脱硫率达94.0%。氧化萃取时的脱硫率比未经氧化直接萃取时的脱硫率高45.6%,氧化脱硫效果显著。     

双氧水催化氧化-萃取法戊烷超深度脱硫技术

以双氧水为氧化剂,采用蒸馏水做溶剂,研究了催化氧化-萃取法生产超低硫戊烷技术,考察了催化剂、助催化剂以及氧化条件对脱硫效果的影响。在戊烷10mL、双氧水0.5mL、催化剂钨酸0.009g、助催化剂甲醇0.8mL、温度50℃、时间100min条件下反应,在剂油比为2:1的条件下用蒸馏水于15℃萃取反应混合物15min,戊烷中的硫含量由24.4mg/L降至0.5mg/L,脱硫率可达98.0%。     

氨基化中空SiO2杂多化合物复合型催化剂的合成、表征及催化燃油深度脱硫性能

采用分散聚合法制得中空SiO₂微粒,将其氨基化后负载磷钨酸（HPW）,最终制得氨基化中空SiO₂磷钨酸复合型催化剂（NH₄PW-SiO₂）,并对催化剂进行了N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-OES）表征. 考察了以NH₄PW-SiO₂为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,乙腈为萃取剂的催化氧化萃取燃油深度脱硫性能. 探讨了催化剂用量、氧硫比、催化剂与氧化剂预接触时间、反应温度和初始硫含量对脱硫效果的影响. 结果表明,在催化剂用量为模拟油品质量的1.0%,氧硫摩尔比为15,催化剂与过氧化氢预接触4 min,反应温度为60 ℃,初始硫含量为350 mg/L的条件下,反应180 min时硫含量已降至2.45 mg/L,脱硫率达99.3%. 催化氧化萃取时的脱硫率比单纯萃取时的脱硫率高45.1%. 此外,催化剂用于真实汽油及柴油的催化氧化脱硫也得到了很好的脱硫效果,且催化剂重复使用5次后,脱硫效率未见明显降低.     

Keggin结构杂多酸盐的合成、表征及催化燃油超深度脱硫

以六种金属盐和磷钨酸为原料制备了Keggin结构杂多酸盐Mx/nH0.6PW(Zr0.6H0.6PW、Al0.8H0.6PW、Zn1.2H0.6PW、Fe0.8H0.6PW、Ti0.6H0.6PW和Sn0.6H0.6PW)和Alx/3H3-xPW(AlPW、Al0.8H0.6PW、Al0.5H1.5PW、Al0.3H2.1PW和Al0.1H2.7PW)催化剂,并对催化剂进行了FTIR、XRD、DSC/TGA、ICP等表征。对催化剂进行催化活性筛选后,确定Al0.5H1.5PW为最佳催化剂。研究了以Al0.5H1.5PW为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,乙腈为萃取剂的催化氧化萃取燃油超深度脱硫技术。考察了催化剂用量、氧硫比、催化剂与氧化剂预接触时间、反应温度和初始硫含量对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,在催化剂用量为模拟油品质量的0.25%,氧硫比为10,催化剂与过氧化氢预接触8 min,反应温度60℃,初始硫含量为350 mg·L-1的条件下,反应到60 min时硫含量已降至2.5 mg·L-1,脱硫率达99.3%。催化氧化萃取时的脱硫率比单纯萃取时的脱硫率高45.3%,效果十分显著。此外,催化剂用于真实汽、柴油的催化氧化脱硫实验也得到了很好的脱硫效果,且催化剂重复使用5次后,脱硫效率未见明显降低。     

银离子修饰的介孔磷钨酸/二氧化硅催化剂氧化脱硫性能研究(英文)

采用银修饰介孔磷钨酸/二氧化硅(mesoporous HPW/SiO2)催化剂,并研究了其在模拟柴油和真实柴油氧化脱硫反应中的催化性能.通过银修饰介孔HPW/SiO2,结合银离子对有机硫化物的选择吸附性和HPW对有机硫化物的催化氧化活性,以达到选择氧化脱硫的目的.模拟柴油分别采用石油醚、苯、1-辛烯和二苯并噻吩配制,当银离子与HPW的摩尔比为2时,催化剂具有最高的选择催化氧化活性.采用N2 吸附-脱附、XRD、UV-vis和EDS表征了银修饰的介孔HPW/SiO2催化剂,结果表明,银物种分散均匀且以Ag+形式存在.真实柴油的脱硫研究表明,相比介孔HPW/SiO2催化剂,修饰的催化剂介孔Ag2-HPW/SiO2脱硫率提高了4.6%,初始硫含量为1800×10-6的直馏柴油能被脱除至228×10-6,脱硫率为87.3%.介孔Ag2-HPW/SiO2催化剂具有良好的再生性能,经再生处理后,Ag的损失量极少,其三次脱硫率达到84.8%.     

Ti-MWW分子筛催化叔丁基过氧化氢氧化脱硫

以Ti-MWW为催化剂,考察了不同氧化剂对分别含有苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩等有机硫化物模拟油品氧化反应的影响,结果表明,叔丁基过氧化氢对有机含硫化合物的氧化活性明显高于过氧化氢水溶液。以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂,三种噻吩类含硫化合物氧化的难易顺序为二苯并噻吩> 4, 6-二甲基二苯并噻吩> 苯并噻吩,其氧化活性顺序与含硫化合物中硫原子的电子云密度和空间位阻有关。考察了Ti-MWW/叔丁基过氧化氢催化氧化体系对成品柴油的催化氧化脱硫,结果表明,成品柴油中的含硫化合物可被有效地氧化脱除,在优化的反应条件下,经过两次氧化、萃取后,成品柴油中的总硫含量从1015μg/mL降低至11μg/mL,总脱硫率达到99%。     

柴油等离子体催化氧化-离子液体萃取脱硫的实验研究

随着环境法的日益完善,柴油的低硫化成了亟待解决的问题。本文采用浸渍法制备了Cu2+负载型酸化改性Al2O3型催化剂,对市售0#柴油进行了等离子体催化氧化脱硫实验研究,后又用自制的新型离子液体(BMIMDBP)对氧化脱硫后的柴油进行萃取脱硫。实验结果表明:在使用板-板式石英反应器,催化剂质量分数为w(catalyst)=5%,空气流速为200 mL/min,放电时间为15min,离子液体与柴油的体积比为1∶1和萃取5次的条件下,脱硫率可以达到52.1%。本方法的实施为柴油脱硫开辟了一条新的途径。     

超声强化过氧化氢/三氯乙酸催化氧化柴油深度脱硫研究

选择H₂O₂一三氯乙酸作为催化氧化脱硫反应体系,砜类氧化产物用极性溶剂从柴油中萃取分离,研究了剂油体积比、有机酸用量、氧化反应温度、氧化反应时间等工艺参数对脱硫率的影响。在此基础上,引入功率超声为反应提供能量,并考察了超声频率、超声功率、超声时间等因素对脱硫效果的影响,从而确定最佳操作条件为,反应温度70℃,反应时间60min,三氯乙酸与过氧化氢体积比为1∶1,氧化剂与柴油体积比为1∶10,超声频率40kHz,超声功率200W,超声时间30min。萃取后柴油脱硫率可达97.5%,脱硫油收率94.0%。     

银离子修饰的介孔磷钨酸/二氧化硅催化剂氧化脱硫性能研究

采用银修饰介孔磷钨酸/二氧化硅（mesoporous HPW/SiO₂）催化剂,并研究了其在模拟柴油和真实柴油氧化脱硫反应中的催化性能。通过银修饰介孔HPW/SiO₂,结合银离子对有机硫化物的选择吸附性和HPW对有机硫化物的催化氧化活性,以达到选择氧化脱硫的目的。模拟柴油分别采用石油醚、苯、1-辛烯和二苯并噻吩配制,当银离子与HPW的摩尔比为2时,催化剂具有最高的选择催化氧化活性。采用N₂ 吸附-脱附、XRD、UV-vis和EDS表征了银修饰的介孔HPW/SiO₂催化剂,结果表明,银物种分散均匀且以Ag⁺形式存在。真实柴油的脱硫研究表明,相比介孔HPW/SiO₂催化剂,修饰的催化剂介孔Ag₂-HPW/SiO₂脱硫率提高了4.6%,初始硫含量为1800×10^-6的直馏柴油能被脱除至228×10^-6,脱硫率为87.3%。介孔Ag₂-HPW/SiO₂催化剂具有良好的再生性能,经再生处理后,Ag的损失量极少,其三次脱硫率达到84.8%。     

超声方法条件下Ce4+对柴油的氧化脱硫

首次超声条件下使用Ce4 氧化柴油中的硫化物(主要为苯并噻吩类),并把这类硫化物氧化成砜类化合物,再选用合适的溶剂(DMF)将这些砜类化合物通过萃取方法除去,使柴油中的总硫含量从554mg/L降到25mg/L,达到了95.5%的高脱硫率。处理后的柴油总硫含量符合世界燃料规范Ⅲ柴油质量标准(不大于30mg/L)。同时,Ce4 氧化媒质可以通过电化学方法再生循环利用,DMF也可以循环利用,无三废排放、具有最佳的经济效益比,并且这种脱硫方法符合绿色化学发展的要求。最佳的操作条件:反应温度为70℃,溶液的pH=0.69,反应时间为50min;V(油):V(水)=1:9。Ce4 氧化媒质的再生条件:Pb电极为阳极,石墨电极为阴极,反应中需要的槽压为3.1V,再生后Ce4 氧化媒质仍具有很好的脱硫效果。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.