单茚钛与β-二酮钛催化苯乙烯间规聚合反应的性能

1986年Ishihara等[1]首次报道间规聚苯乙烯以来,人们对苯乙烯间规聚合的各种单茂钛类(包括单茚钛)催化剂进行了大量研究[2～5].这些单茂钛类催化剂聚合活性高,但合成复杂,催化剂总收率低.近年来,合成方法更为简便、聚合活性较高的新型非茂钛的研究开始引起人们的关注[6～8].至此苯乙烯间规聚合的催化剂大致分为两类,即单茂钛催化剂和非茂钛催化剂.这两大类催化剂的催化性能各有特点.对它们催化性能进行对比的研究报道尚不多见.我们自行设计并合成了单茚钛和β-二酮钛催化剂,对它们的催化性能进行了比较.     

双核单茂钛催化苯乙烯间规聚合反应

二十世纪八十年代,Ishihara等人首次使用钛/甲基铝氧烷(MAO)催化体系成功地制备了间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)[1].此后,由于sPS具有结晶速度快,熔点达270℃,赋予了sPS不同于一般聚苯乙烯的优良性能,因此研制新型的苯乙烯间规聚合催化剂成为国内外的研究热点之一.以往的研究主要集中于催化剂活性的提高,因为单核催化剂只是单一的活性中心,所以只能制备窄分子量分布(MWD)的sPS.近年来,为了提高sPS的加工性能和拓宽sPS的分子量分布,人们使用了不同的茂金属混合物[2,3]或者Z iegler-Natta催化剂的氢化物和单一的茂金属进行了诸多尝试[4,5].至今,…     

茂钛催化剂的苯乙烯间规聚合

比较了几种庞钛化合物／甲基铝氧烷／三甲基铝均相催化剂的苯乙烯间规聚合，认为茂基三正丙氧基钛[CpTi（O－n－Pr）3]是苯乙烯间规聚合的良好催化剂[催化效率：ωPs·ωTi-1=4×104g·g-1]．探索了催化剂浓度、单体浓度、聚合温度和时间对苯乙烯聚合的影响．聚合反应产物用佛丁酮萃取，沸丁酮不可溶级分大于95％，经13CNMR分析该级分为间规聚苯乙烯．     

单分散聚苯乙烯乳胶有序膜在二氧化硅多孔材料制备中的模板作用

自然界中许多物质经千万年发展进化,具有特殊结构,决定了它们具有奇异特性.人们对此过程非常关注,试图了解其结构性能关系,从而实现人工合成,仿生学应此而产生.比如天然蛋白石能呈现出鲜艳颜色,其原因在于单分散二氧化硅微球与具有选择性吸收光的某些金属氧化物微粒形成了有序的超晶格结构[1].为了模拟此过程,人们以单分散二氧化硅或聚苯乙烯微粒形成的胶体晶作为模板,实现蛋白石的人工合成[2].可以说,模板合成技术是制备有序材料的有效手段.本文以单分散聚苯乙烯乳胶室温形成的有序膜为模板,采用快速溶胶凝胶方法,制备了聚苯乙烯/二氧化硅…     

β-二酮钛配合物/甲基铝氧烷催化体系用于苯乙烯的间规聚合

β 二酮钛配合物／甲基铝氧烷催化体系用于苯乙烯的间规聚合许学翔谢光华（中国科学院化学研究所北京１０００８０）关键词β 二酮钛配合物，苯乙烯，甲基铝氧烷，间规聚合苯乙烯聚合物可分为无规聚苯乙烯（ａ ＰＳ），等规聚苯乙烯（ｉ ＰＳ），间规聚苯乙烯（ｓ?..     

sPS/iPP共混物晶型研究

间规聚苯乙烯 (ｓＰＳ)由于熔点高达 2 70℃ ,并具有优良的耐热、耐水、耐溶剂及良好的电绝缘性[1] ,已成为一种新型高性能的半结晶热塑性工程塑料 .但是ｓＰＳ分子链刚性比较大 ,比较脆 ,结晶速度快 ,加工流动性差 ,特别是在熔体加工过程中很容易开裂 ,因此限制了其广泛应用 .为了提高它的韧性和改善其加工性能 ,通常采用物理共混和化学共聚的方法 .如ｓＰＳ ａＰＳ共混物 ,苯乙烯和丙烯的嵌段共聚物等 .间规聚苯乙烯与聚丙烯之间不相容 ,使用物理共混方法得到的共混物的性能得不到明显改善 .最近我们试图采用一种新型3 茚基乙酰丙酮为给电…     

稀土催化乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭共聚合

链穿梭聚合作为一锅法合成多嵌段聚合物的策略引起人们的研究兴趣.然而,其催化体系的构建难度大,导致实现链穿梭聚合的单体有限.本文基于三异丁基铝作链转移剂时,稀土金属配合物1催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合,得到富含乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列的共聚物且链转移效率接近100%的发现,开展了乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭聚合的研究.首先探索配合物2催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合,发现所得共聚物中苯乙烯结构单元的含量4%,因此考察了在不同烷基铝用量时,配合物2催化乙烯均聚合的行为,发现所得聚乙烯的分子量随着[Al]_0/[2]_0增加呈指数降低,幂指数为-0.778,表明链转移效率低于100%.采用1/2/Al~iBu_3三元体系催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合得到双峰分布的聚合物,说明链穿梭聚合没有实现.进一步筛选发现,配合物3催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合时,随着[Al]_0/[3]_0增加,所得富间规聚苯乙烯序列共聚物的分子呈量指数降低,幂指数为-1.097,接近-1,表明链转移效率接近100%;同时催化体系的TOF值减小.当[Al~iBu_3]_0/[1+3]_0≥20时,1/3/Al~iBu_3三元体系催化乙烯/苯乙烯共聚合得到单峰分布的乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列和富间规聚苯乙烯序列的多嵌段共聚物,说明成功实现了乙烯/苯乙烯链穿梭共聚合.通过调节1和3的比例,有效调控了共聚物中乙烯/苯乙烯交替序列和富间规聚苯乙烯序列的组成.     

杯[4]芳烃钛-Al(iBu)_3催化乙烯聚合

众所周知 ,茂金属催化剂用于烯烃聚合 ,不仅具有高的催化活性 ,而且能制得高规整度聚合物 ,在理论研究和工业应用中都有十分重要的意义 ,国际上已形成对茂金属催化剂的研究热潮 .人们在致力于研究茂金属催化剂的同时 ,并没有停止对非茂金属均相催化剂的研究 ,其中酚氧基钛、锆配合物的优良催化性能尤为引人注目 ,这类新型均相催化剂能高效地催化烯烃均聚[1 ] ,苯乙烯间规聚合[2 ] ,乙烯 苯乙烯共聚等[3] .杯芳烃是由若干个对叔丁基苯酚通过亚甲基经 2 ,6位连接而成的一类环状大分子 ,其结构与酚氧类配体相似 .李勇等曾发现杯芳烃钛化合物与…     

磺化聚苯乙烯胶体晶的红外光谱分析

单分散乳胶体系可以通过自组装形成有序的胶体晶结构 ,在窄波段光过滤器[1] 、生物医学传感器[2 ] 、智能化学传感器[3] 等领域具有重要的应用价值 .最近 ,人们以此有序结构作为模板 ,制备了有序孔材料[4～ 7] .另外 ,此有序结构在仿生学如模拟蛋白石等有序结构等方面也具有重要意义[8] .但是 ,一般的单分散体系如聚苯乙烯体系所形成的有序结构都属于硬性材料 ,缺乏对外场的响应特性 .此外 ,微球表面没有功能性基团 ,很难与其它物质兼容 ,这使得其作为模板合成其它复合材料的潜力大大降低 .本实验室通过对聚合物胶体晶进行改性 ,使其成为功…     

间规聚苯乙烯的多晶型和结晶行为概述

综述间规聚苯乙烯四种稳定的晶型（α、β、δ和γ）结构特点及各种晶型的制备方法。详述间规聚苯乙烯结晶和熔融行为等方面的研究进展。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.