卡尔曼滤波—分光光度法同时测定稀土

研究了卡尔曼滤波分光光度法。借助偶氮氯膦Ⅲ灵敏显色反应并结合最佳递推滤波数据处理方法,使本法兼具灵敏度高与选择性好的优点。该法已应用于混合稀土(镧、镨、钕、钐)的同时测定,也可用于单一稀土(钕)的选择测定。方法简便灵活。     

卡尔曼滤波分光光度法用于铌钽同时测定

自1979年 Poulisse 将卡尔曼滤波(Ka-lman filter,KF)用于光度分析以来,有关该法的应用研究渐多,其中包括有机混合物测定,而用于无机多组分分析尚少。作者将卡尔曼滤波与灵敏显色体系相结合,提出了无机多组分的灵敏度高选择性好的测定方法,收效甚好。     

N_(1923)分离富集钽铌

近年来,水相光度法测定钽铌特别是钽的研究取得较大的进展。5-Br-PADAP、BPR、三羟基荧酮类等显色剂,不仅与钽铌发生高灵敏的显色反应,而且与伴生元素钛、锆、钨、钼、钖等均发生高灵敏的显色反应。因此,在测定复杂试样中钽铌时必需分离富集。常用萃     

在有机溶剂-水混溶介质中锆(Ⅳ)与5-Br-PADAP显色反应的研究

5-Br-PADAP作为高灵敏显色剂已被广泛研究及应用,但对锆显色反应的研究似未见报导。本文对某些含氧有机溶剂与水的混溶介质中,锆(Ⅳ)与5-Br-PADAP显色反应作了较系统的研究,对该体系中的溶剂化效应作了初步探讨,为络合显色反应中有机溶剂化效应的研究和应用又提供了一例。     

钛(Ⅳ)和5-Br-PADAP新的灵敏显色反应的研究

5-Br-PADAP〔2-(5-溴-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚〕是吡啶偶氮类试剂中具有较高灵敏度的显色试剂。据现有资料报导,该试剂可与铋、钴、铁、铜、镉、镓、铟、锰、镍、铅、锑、碲、铀、钒、锌、铌和钽等离子发生高灵敏的显色反应,其摩尔吸光系数一般达n×10~4数量级,个别的可达n×10~5。钛(Ⅳ)的显色反应众多,但高灵敏的显色反应却少。考虑到5-Br-PADAP与PAR试剂结构的相似性,且与PAR相比显现出的优越性,预计该试剂可与钛(Ⅳ)产生高灵敏的显色反应。实验证明,在过氧化氢存在下,钦(Ⅳ)与5-Br-PADAP反应形成深色的三元异配位络合物,其摩尔吸光系数为6.42×10~4。     

1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(5-溴-吡啶)-三氮烯的合成及其与镍显色反应的研究

三氮烯试剂是测定镉、汞、锌、镍、铜等金属离子的高灵敏显色试剂[1~3],其中含氮杂环的三氮烯试剂的显色效果更佳[4~6]。为改善试剂的分析性能,提高此类试剂的灵敏度和选择性,合成了未见报道的1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(5-溴-吡啶)-三氮烯(NPBPDT),并对其与镍的显色反应进行了研究。结     

催化光度法测定城市污泥中的痕量镍

利用Ni2 对还原型罗丹明B(RRhB)与KClO3显色反应的催化作用,对城市污泥中痕量Ni2 进行测定。结果表明,在pH 5.3的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中具有高灵敏的显色反应,其催化程度与Ni2 含量在0~0.07 mg/L范围内符合比耳定律。方法的检出限为4.3×10-8g/L,加标回收率为98.5%~104.6%(n=6)。本法结合萃取分离,用于测定城市污泥中的痕量镍,结果满意。     

离子型-非离子型混合表面活性剂对显色反应作用的研究及其应用 Ⅰ.阳离子-非离子混合表面活性剂对某些显色反应的作用

离子型-非离子型混合表面活性剂对显色反应能产生协同增敏作用,我们曾应用Ag~+-5-Cl-PADAB-SDS-Peregal O体系测定Ag~+和CN~-,获得了满意的结果。本文以Cd-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)-CTMAB-非离子表面活性剂和Al-CAS-CTMAB Peregal O体系为例,进一步研究了阳离子-非离子混合表面活性剂对显色体系的作用特征和规律,以期待有助于发展高灵敏、高选择性的分光光度法。     

双显色双波长分光光度法研究——铌和钽的高灵敏同时测定

本文选择SAF和5Br-PADAP两个显色体系构成显色体系对,建立双显色双波长分光光度法。可不经分离,同时高灵敏地测定铌和钽,应用在合金钢分析中获得满意的结果。     

用若丹明B光度法测定石煤渣中微量钒

研究了痕量V(Ⅴ)催化KBrO3 氧化还原型若丹明B(RRhB)的显色反应 ,建立了光度法测定石煤渣中痕量V(Ⅴ)的新方法。结果表明在抗坏血酸存在下具有高灵敏的显色反应 ,摩尔吸光系数为3.8×105 L·mol-1·cm-1,显色程度与V(Ⅴ)量在0～100μg/L范围内符合比耳定律。该法用于测定石煤渣中的微量V时 ,结果令人满意。     

荧光试剂SPAEC的合成及分析化学特性研究

合成了新荧光试剂2-(5'-磺基-2'-苯酚-1'-偶氮)-5-乙氨基-4-甲酚(SPAEC)。用等色点光度法测得试剂的离解常数为pK1=3.42, pK2=5.46, pK3=7.99。考察了SPAEC与金属离子的螯合显色和荧光反应; 建立了测定镓、铝的反应条件, 在PH3.8-5.4或PH4.0-5.5的乙酸缓冲介质中均形成:1型具荧光活性的有色螯合物, 可相应测定15-150ppb镓及1.5-30ppb铝, 试用于半导体及合金分析。研究了Kalman滤波荧光光度法, 实现了镓与铝的同时测定, 所适应的浓度比例范围为40:1(0)-1(0):14。     

间断多次扫描电位溶出分析方法的研究

间断多次扫描电位溶出分析是在多次扫描电位溶出分析和间断扫描伏安法的基础上提出的一种新的电位溶出分析技术,它不仅具有多次扫描电位溶出分析灵敏度高的优点,又克服了多次扫描电位溶出分析对多元素分析时元素之间相互干扰的缺点。文章讨论了间断多次扫描电位溶出分析的实验条件,同时用这种方法分析了人尿中镉、铅的含量。间断多次扫描电位溶出分析在电积10分钟时,最低可检测到0.005ng/mL的镉和0.01ng/mL的铅。镉、铅浓度为4ng/mL时,相对标准偏差分别为2.9%和3.2%,证明间断多次扫描电位溶出分析可以同脉冲阳极溶出伏安法媲美。     

8-Hydroxyquinoline derivative as a fluorescent chemosensor for zinc ion.

8-Hydroxyquinoline derivative 1 as a fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+ was synthesized. Because Cd2+ is often found with Zn2+ in the environment and can form fluorescent complexes with chelating fluorophores, a potentially important property of chemosensors for Zn2+ is their selectivity for Zn2+ over Cd2+. The Zn2+ or Cd2+ complexes of 1 gave an emission band from the 1:1 complex, but the fluorescence intensity for Cd2+ was a half of that for Zn2+. Ligand 1 is suited for use as a fluorescent chemosensor for Zn2+.     

Fluorescent assays to quantitate enzymatic activities yielding as end product an aqueous-insoluble indigo-blue dye

Hydrolytic enzymes acting upon indoxyl-derivatized substrates produce a water-insoluble indigo-blue dye. The generation of indigo dye works well in nonquantitative histochemical or diagnostic assays. For quantitative analyses however, the technique is unsuited. In this paper two fluorescent methods are described that permit quantitative measurement of sialidase/neuraminidase activity toward indoxyl-derivatized N-acetyl-neuraminic acid substrates. The first method is based upon the reaction of the sialic/ N-acetyl-neuraminic acid with pyridoxamine and Zn2+ to produce a fluorescent chelate. This method is not sialic acid-specific and could be used for the quantitation of alpha-oxo acids. The optimum conditions for sialic acid fluorescent chelation are described. The second method is based upon the fluorescence of the reaction intermediates, indoxyl- and indigo-white, by arresting their conversion to nonfluorescent indigo-blue. This method is suitable for measuring any enzymatic activity toward indoxyl-derivatized substrates. Enzyme kinetics derived for influenza viral neuraminidase using the two techniques are described in this paper.     

海水中铜、铅、镉、锌国标测定条件优化

对海水中铜、铅、镉、锌国标测定方法进行了条件优化,研究了冲洗溶液、萃取溶剂、络合剂、pH、提取量对实验结果的影响,在优化条件下,铜、铅、镉、锌测定的相对标准偏差在0.0%～2.0%之间,标样测定结果均优于等离子发射光谱法等4种方法.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel cross-linking complex of beta-cyclodextrin-o-vanillin benzoylhydrazone and its selective spectrofluorimetric determination of trace amounts of zinc

A novel host inclusion complex of beta-cyclodextrin-o-vanillin benzoylhydrazone (beta-CDP-OVBH) was prepared and characterized by IR and 1H-NMR spectra. A highly selective and sensitive fluorescent determination of trace amounts of zinc was proposed based on the reaction between Zn(2+) and beta-CDP-OVBH in sodium hydroxide-ammonium acetate buffer medium of pH 8.3. The molar ratio of beta-CDP-OVBH to Zn(2+) was 1:1.The maximum excitation and emission wavelengths were 396 and 486 nm, respectively. The linear range of this method was 2.5-500 microg l(-1) with a detection limit of 0.60 microg l(-1). The effect of interferences in the determination of zinc was investigated, the results showed that the host reagent had a quite high identifying capacity on Zn(2+). This method was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of Zn(2+) in tea and human hairs.     

Azocalix[4]pyrrole Amberlite XAD-2: New polymeric chelating resins for the extraction, preconcentration and sequential separation of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in natural water samples

Two novel azocalix[4]pyrrole Amberlite XAD-2 polymeric chelating resins were synthesized by covalently linking diazotized Amberlite XAD-2 with calix[4]pyrrole macrocycles. The chelating resins were used for extraction, preconcentration and sequential separation of metal ions such as Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) by column chromatography prior to their determination by UV/vis spectrophotometry or flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) or inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Various parameters such as effect of pH on absorption, concentration of eluting agents, flow rate, total sorption capacity, exchange kinetics, preconcentration factor, distribution coefficient, breakthrough capacity and resin stability, were optimized for effective separation and preconcentration. The resin showed good ability for the separation of metal ions from binary and ternary mixture on the basis of pH of absorption and concentration of eluting agents. The newly synthesized resins showed good potential for trace enrichment of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, especially for Cu(II), as compared to the earlier reported resins. The synthesized resins were recycled at least 8-10 times without much affecting column sorption capacity. The presented method was successfully applied for determination of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) in natural and ground water samples.     

Automated stopped-flow system in pharmaceutical and clinical analysis : Kinetic determination of acetaminophen in formulations and serum by using the iron(II)—2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine

The development of automated stopped-flow spectrophotometric systems, their potential in automated routine determinations using kinetic and fast equilibrium techniques and several examples of applications are briefly reviewed. The use of a compact, inexpensive laboratory-made stopped-flow system for the measurement of reaction rates and a fast equilibrium method for the determination of acetaminophen in formulations and serum are described. The reaction-rate method is based on monitoring the oxidation of acetaminophen by iron(III) in the presence of the chelating agent 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine to form a highly absorbing complex of iron(II). The calibration graph is linear in the range 20–200 μg ml^?1, with a precision of 0.8–2.6%, a detection limit of 5.5 μg ml^?1 and a measurement throughput of 120 per hour. Common excipients do not interfere and the analysis of commercial formulations gave results similar to those of a reference method. The optimization of the experimental conditions was done by a kinetic study of the reaction and some kinetic parameters are given.The method for the determination of acetaminophen in serum is based on a rapid measurement of the absorbance of the reaction mixture after a delay time of 15 s in the presence of chlorpromazine, which catalyses the reaction. Acetaminophen is isolated by extraction with ethyl acetate and the calibration graph is linear in the range 0.5–6 μg ml^?1 with a detection limit of 0.04 μg ml^?1 and a precision of 1.5%. The proposed method showed a decreased interference from drugs that also react with iron(III).     

铬兰黑R-H_2O_2催化光度法测定痕量锌

研究了在稀硫酸介质中,Zn催化过氧化氢氧化铬兰黑R褪色反应,建立了测量痕量锌的新方法,Zn2+ 的检测限为1.5×10-10g/mL,线性范围为 0 ~ 3.1×10-2 mg / mL,该法用于测定头发中的痕量锌,结果满意。     

流动注射分析的应用研究──单标准梯度稀释斜率比法确定配合物组成

根据流动注射分析(FIA)梯度稀释技术, 结合微机可提供准确的时间延时和快速而精确的数据采集和数据处理, 本文提出利用金属离子和配位体各一个标准溶液, 在非平衡条件下确定配合物组成的原理, 通过对几组配合物组成的测定,说明该方法简单, 快速, 准确度较高, 适于稳定或不稳定配合物组成的测定。