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1.
合成了窄带隙的聚(3-甲基噻吩对硝基苯甲烯)(PMTNBQ),并研究了其热电性能.通过溶液混合、机械球磨以及冷压成型,制备了具有不同复合比例的PMTNBQ/石墨(G)的复合热电材料.研究了石墨含量对PMTNBQ/G复合材料的热电性能的影响.当石墨含量(质量分数)为90%时,PMTNBQ/G复合热电材料出现了最高的热电优值(ZT)(5.36×10~(-3)).  相似文献   

2.
本文报道在机械驱动下力,通过机械合金化途径使氮或氨直接在室温下的逐步细化的,新鲜的,高反应活性的硅界面上充分扩散,形成亚稳态系统,在800℃真空炉处理后得到纳米α-Si3N4粉末。发现气氛对合成Si3N4纳米粉末有很大影响。在氮气中,高能球磨前硅粉表面形成的氧化膜在高能球磨过程中与氮反应生成Si2N2O保护层,阻止氮的进一步扩散,使反应产物含有大量未反应的游离硅。在氨气中可以避免生成了Si2N2o  相似文献   

3.
黄剑芳 《化学教育》2023,44(1):94-101
针对中学化学“物质结构与性质”模块3个版本教材中有关石英结构的二维图形不利于教学的局限性,利用“晶体学开放数据库”数据制作α-石英晶体结构三维虚拟模型,借助三维虚拟技术强大的交互功能全方位探索α-石英的空间结构,展示α-石英独特的大半径双螺旋手性结构,揭秘其旋光性的原因。教学实践表明,利用三维虚拟技术拓展中学结构教学的广度和深度是可行的。  相似文献   

4.
以石墨和六方氮化硼(h-BN)粉为原料,利用高能机械球磨和高温高压技术对BCN化合物的形成、结构及相变进行了研究.经120h球磨制备出BCN非晶体.在1400cm-1附近,BCN非晶有一宽化的强红外吸收峰,在740和1630cm-1附近观察到弱的红外吸收峰;在1330cm-1附近观察到一宽化的Raman散射峰.BCN非晶中B1s的结合能为191.9eV,C1s的结合能为284.9和286.8eV,N1s的结合能为398.3和400.5eV.将BCN非晶在4GPa和1473K下退火45min后转化为六方结构的BCN晶体,其晶格常数为a=0.2505nm,c=0.6664nm.其红外光谱特征吸收峰分别出现在1398,1103,1024,925和802cm-1.Raman散射峰分别出现在1328,1358,1582和1614cm-1.并对非晶BCN的形成和相转变机制进行了研究.  相似文献   

5.
本文合成了部分烷基化三氟乙酰化的β-环糊精手性固定相(DP-TFA-β-CD),并把它与普通聚硅氧烷OV-7混合制备出了柱效高、热稳定性好的手性石英毛细管柱。与直接涂DP-TFA-β-CD相比,混合固定相能在较短分析时间内对卤代烃、醇、酯、γ-内酯、胺等对映体有更好的拆分。  相似文献   

6.
本文以工业硅粉(600目)为原料,通过高能球磨和热解包碳方法制备了碳包覆纳米硅,在此基础上采用简单的机械球磨方法制备了碳包覆/石墨复合材料,并系统研究了碳包覆量及硅/石墨比例对碳包覆硅/石墨复合材料电化学性能的影响.与商业纳米硅粉/石墨复合材料相比,工业硅粉/石墨复合材料的循环性能及倍率性能均得到改善.通过高能球磨和热处理法得到的碳包覆材料为无定形碳和晶态硅材料的复合,所获碳包覆硅材料一次颗粒的粒径在100~200 nm左右.碳包覆量对材料的电化学性能有着重要影响,Si/C-2-1复合材料表现出高的可逆比容量、良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性,在0.1C倍率下,可逆比容量高达492.6 mA h·g~(-1),循环100周后容量保持率达85.8%,1C电流密度下放电比容量达369.7 mAh·g~(-1),为0.1C的73.9%.提高碳包覆硅/石墨复合材料中硅含量的比例可以提升其比容量,当硅含量达到20%时,Si/C-2-3复合材料在0.1C倍率下可逆比容量达到600.4 mAh·g~(-1),但材料循环性能有所下降,说明石墨在稳定硅/碳复合材料循环性能方面发挥着非常重要的作用.  相似文献   

7.
高温高压条件下ZSM-5沸石分子筛相变的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文在高温高压条件下研究了具有热力学亚稳定性的全硅ZSM-5沸石分子筛的相转变。结果表明,压力对沸石分子筛的结构具有显著的影响。在4.0 GPa的冷压条件下,首次发现了全硅ZSM-5沸石分子筛通过骨架原子的重新调整而直接转变为全硅ZSM-11沸石分子筛,而且这一相转变是不可逆的。采取高压淬火的技术手段,在2.5GPa和800℃条件下,实现了全硅ZSM-5沸石分子筛向β石英相的转变;而在4.0GPa,1300℃条件下,全硅ZSM-5沸石分子筛转变为柯石英。首次得到在室温条件下稳定存在的β石英和柯石英。  相似文献   

8.
研究了机械球磨制备的(2Mg+Fe)+x%Ni(x=0, 50, 100, 200)复合物的微结构和电化学储氢性能. 结果表明, 不加镍粉时, 镁粉与铁粉混合物经120 h球磨后仍然为纯镁与纯铁两相组织, 其电化学放电容量不到20 mA·h/g. 而加入镍粉和提高球磨强度有助于Mg-Fe非晶的形成, 并使颗粒尺寸减小, 添加镍粉越多, Mg-Fe非晶化程度越高, 放电容量越大, 而组合钢球混合球磨的粉末比等径钢球球磨的非晶化程度更高, 颗粒也更加细小均匀. 在x=100时, 不同尺寸和等径钢球球磨120 h合成的Mg2Fe非晶复合物的最大放电容量分别达到542.0和455.3 mA·h/g.  相似文献   

9.
α-石英对离体巨噬细胞内游离Ca2+的影响   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
本文用荧光试剂Fura-2/AM和AR-CM-MlC阳离子测定系统研究了α-石英对离体肺泡巨噬细胞内游离Ca~(2+)的影响.结果表明:在含Ca~(2+)介质中,α-石英对巨噬细胞的毒性作用引起胞浆游离Ca~(2+)浓度的升高,α-石英剂量越大或作用时间增长,胞浆游离Ca~(2+)浓度升高越大,这种效应只能部分地被Ca~(2+)通道阻断剂异搏定所阻断.但在无Ca~(2+)介质中未观察到细胞胞浆游离Ca~(2+)浓度升高的现象.  相似文献   

10.
Co-Sn合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
采用高能机械球磨法合成了富Co的Co3Sn2合金, 测试了Co-Sn合金作为锂离子电池负极材料的充放电性能. 考察了在机械球磨过程中加入碳和高温处理球磨后样品对合金组成和电化学性能的影响. XRD测试结果表明, 加入碳后所得样品的主要成分为CoSn2. 于400和600 ℃处理后主要成分转变为CoSn和Co3Sn2. CoSn2, CoSn和Co3Sn2的充放电容量随着Sn含量的降低依次降低, 但循环性能得到提高.  相似文献   

11.
ZrSiO4 and coesite were obtained under high-pressure and high-temperature from the nano precursor of a-SiO2 and ZrO2. XRD and Raman measurements indicate that ZrSiO4 was formed at a temperature higher than 920 ℃ under a pressure of 3.6 GPa. As the pressure increased to 3.9 GPa, the ZrSiO4 formation temperature was reduced to 815 ℃. The formation temperature for coesite was 990 ℃ under 3.9 GPa. The lower formation temperature for ZrSiO4, as compared to that for coesite, provided an experimental evidence that the coesite in the Earth's surface usually occurs as inclusions in ZrSiO4.  相似文献   

12.
Coesite inclusions occur in a wide range of lithologies and coesite is therefore a powerful ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) indicator. The transformation of coesite to quartz is evidenced by three optically well identifiable characteristics (e.g. palisade textures, radial crack patterns, polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs). Under overpressure monomineralic coesite (on an optical basis), lacking the above transformation characteristics may survive. Raman micro-spectroscopy was applied on monomineralic coesite inclusions in garnet porphyroblasts from diamond-bearing garnet-clinozoisite-biotite gneisses of the Barchi-Kol area (Kokchetav Massif, Northern Kazakhstan). These coesite inclusions are euhedral and display a characteristic anisotropic hallo. However, Raman maps and separate spectra of these inclusions display shifted bands for coesite and quartz. Microscopically undetectable, quartz shows on the Raman map as a thin shell around coesite inclusion. Shift of the main coesite band allows to estimate their overpressure: coesite inclusions record 0-2.4 GPa in garnet and zircon. The quartz shell remains under lower pressure 0-1.6 GPa. The possible application of coesite and quartz Raman geobarometers for UHP metamorphic rocks is discussed.  相似文献   

13.
Structural parameters, elastic, electronic, bonding and optical properties of rutile GeO2 and α-quartz GeO2 have been investigated using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT). The ground-state properties obtained by minimizing the total energy are in favorable agreement with the previous work. Two phases of GeO2 are found to be elastically stable and we have derived the bulk, shear and Young’s modulus, Poisson coefficient for rutile GeO2 and α-quartz GeO2. We estimated the Debye temperature of rutile GeO2 and α-quartz GeO2 from the acoustic velocity. Electronic and chemical bonding properties have been studied from the calculation of band structure, density of states and charge densities. Furthermore, in order to clarify the mechanism of optical transitions for rutile GeO2 and α-quartz GeO2, the complex dielectric function, refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical reflectivity, absorption coefficient, energy-loss spectrum and the complex conductivity function are calculated, which show the significant optical anisotropy in the components of polarization directions (100) and (001) for rutile GeO2 and α-quartz GeO2.  相似文献   

14.
The substitution of germanium in the α-quartz structure is a method investigated to improve the piezoelectric properties and the thermal stability of α-quartz. Growth of α-quartz type Si(1-x)Ge(x)O(2) single crystals was performed using a temperature gradient hydrothermal method under different experimental conditions (pressure, temperature, nature of the solvent, and the nutrient). To avoid the difference of dissolution kinetics between pure SiO(2) and pure GeO(2), single phases Si(1-x)Ge(x)O(2) solid solutions were prepared and used as nutrients. The influence of the nature (cristobalite-type, glass) and the composition of this nutrient were also studied. Single crystals were grown in aqueous NaOH (0.2-1 M) solutions and in pure water. A wide range of pressures (95-280 MPa) and temperatures (315-505 °C) was investigated. Structures of single crystals with x = 0.07, 0.1, and 0.13 were refined, and it was shown that the structural distortion (i.e., θ and δ) increases with the atomic fraction of Ge in an almost linear way. Thus, the piezoelectric properties of Si(1-x)Ge(x)O(2) solid solution should increase with x, and this material could be a good candidate for technological applications requiring a high piezoelectric coupling factor or high thermal stability.  相似文献   

15.
利用四氢呋喃为溶剂和碳源,通过溶剂热催化方法在500 ℃一步合成了纳米碳纤维,X-射线衍射(XRD)分析显示此法合成的碳纤维晶型为碳的六方石墨相,场发射电镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)照片进一步表明碳纤维平均直径为100 nm,长度达几百纳米至几微米,高分辨电镜照片揭示产品中碳的晶间距为0.34 nm;产品纯度通过热重法(TGA)分析;同时,拉曼光谱图显示在1 347和1 584 cm-1处有2个强峰,这与石墨相碳的典型拉曼光谱图是一致的。  相似文献   

16.
In the present work, we are studying the local conformation of chains in a thin film of polystyrene adsorbed on a solid substrate by using atomistically detailed simulations. The simulations are carried out by using the readily available and massively parallel molecular dynamics code known as LAMMPS. In particular, a special emphasis is given to the density and orientation of side chains (which consist of phenyl groups and methylene units) at solid/polymer and polymer/vacuum interfaces. Three types of substrates were used in our study: α-quartz, graphite, and amorphous silica. Our investigation was restricted to atactic polystyrene. Our results show that the density and structural properties of side chains depend on the type of surface. An excess of phenyl rings is observed near the α-quartz substrate while the film adsorbed on graphite is depleted in C(6)H(5). Moreover, the orientation of the rings and methylene units on the substrate/film interface show a strong dependence on the type of the substrate, while the rings at the film/vacuum interface show a marked tendency to point outward, away from the film. The results we obtained are in a large part in good agreement with previous experimental and simulation results.  相似文献   

17.
小分子α-酮戊二酸(α-KA)是人体新陈代谢的一种十分重要的产物,与多种疾病存在直接或者间接的关系,可以对临床诊断提供帮助。以BODIPY单元作为能量给体、罗丹明单元作为能量受体,利用二者存在重叠的光谱,本文设计了一种基于罗丹明和BODIPY单元的荧光共振能量转移(FRET)探针,通过将罗丹明与BODIPY的衍生物进行桥联,得到能够检测α-酮戊二酸的荧光比率型探针RDM-BO。研究表明,探针RDM-BO本身的荧光光谱与BODIPY单元类似,当探针与α-酮戊二酸发生反应时,RDM-BO中的罗丹明单元会发生开环反应,使分子的共轭发生变化,同时产生新的荧光峰,检测效果显著,检测限可达到3.14μmol·L-1。  相似文献   

18.
金刚石和类金刚石的常温常压电化学合成   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
采用线性扫描伏安(LSV)\, X射线粉末衍射和拉曼光谱等方法对电化学还原法从CCl4\|NaCl\|\[BMIM\]BF4体系合成金刚石的可能性进行了研究. LSV研究结果表明, CCl4可在白金研究电极表面直接还原而不需要NaCl作为电子媒介. 采用恒电势电解的方法可在白金研究电极上获得黑色还原产物. 采用X射线粉末衍射和拉曼光谱对研究电极表面形成的黑色产物进行了表征, 在XRD图谱中可观察到金刚石的特征峰, 在拉曼光谱中1 332 cm-1附近可观察到金刚石结构的特征吸收峰, 表明产物中存在金刚石相. 这些结果表明, 采用电化学方法在常温常压下将CCl4转化为金刚石的方法是可行的.  相似文献   

19.
The authors have utilized a recently developed compact Raman spectrometer equipped with an 85 mm focal length (f/1.8) Nikon camera lens and a custom mini-ICCD detector at the University of Hawaii for measuring remote Raman spectra of minerals under supercritical CO(2) (Venus chamber, ~102 atm pressure and 423 K) excited with a pulsed 532 nm laser beam of 6 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz. These experiments demonstrate that by focusing a frequency-doubled 532 nm Nd:YAG pulsed laser beam with a 10× beam expander to a 1mm spot on minerals located at 2m inside a Venus chamber, it is possible to measure the remote Raman spectra of anhydrous sulfates, carbonates, and silicate minerals relevant to Venus exploration during daytime or nighttime with 10s integration time. The remote Raman spectra of gypsum, anhydrite, barite, dolomite and siderite contain fingerprint Raman lines along with the Fermi resonance doublet of CO(2). Raman spectra of gypsum revealed dehydration of the mineral with time under supercritical CO(2) at 423 K. Fingerprint Raman lines of olivine, diopside, wollastonite and α-quartz can easily be identified in the spectra of these respective minerals under supercritical CO(2). The results of the present study show that time-resolved remote Raman spectroscopy with a compact Raman spectrometer of moderate resolution equipped with a gated intensified CCD detector and low power laser source could be a potential tool for exploring Venus surface mineralogy both during daytime and nighttime from a lander.  相似文献   

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