叶绿素-a降解产物的酰基化反应及其二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(MPa)为起始原料,经化学结构修饰和中心氮原子金属化后,与三氯氧磷/3-N,N-二甲基氨基丙烯醛(3-DMA)或者N,N-二甲基甲酰胺进行Vilsmerier反应,在二氢卟吩周环上区域选择性地引进甲酰基或者甲酰乙烯基;用硝酸铊对MPa衍生物实施氧化,将3-位乙烯基顺利地转化为甲酰甲基;利用3-位乙烯基和E-环酮基的化学反应活性,在大环上引进羟烷氧基或者羟烷氨基结构,然后选用高钌酸四丙基铵(TPAP)和N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物混合氧化剂,分别将其羟基氧化成甲酰基.新合成的连有酰基结构的二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析得以证实.     

具有长波吸收的(焦)脱镁叶绿酸衍生物的合成及其电子光谱

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯和脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯为起始原料,通过3-位乙烯基、外接E-环和20-meso-位的化学修饰,在脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯周环上建立了不同的羰基结构.利用脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的所建羰基和脱镁叶绿酸-b甲酯的原有7-位甲酰基分别与丙二睛进行Knoevenagel缩合反应,在二氢卟吩的不同位置引进了β,β-二氰亚甲基结构,完成一系列具有长波吸收的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成,讨论了β,β-二氰亚甲基的引入对大环分子的化学活性和电子光谱的影响,并对相应的化学反应提出可能的反应机理.未见报道的10个叶绿素-a衍生物均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构.     

焦脱镁叶绿酸的炔化反应及其叶绿素类二氢卟吩的合成

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,利用加成和氧化反应将其转化成3-甲酰基或者3-乙酰基取代和E-环保护的反应前体,通过Grignard反应在3-位上引进炔基并构建了叔醇或者仲醇结构,再经脱水和氧化反应生成端位烯炔和炔酮取代的二氢卟吩衍生物.3-甲酰基焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯与癸基溴化镁的Grignard反应、E-保护和C(3)-羟基的氧化反应得到C(3)-长链烷酰基取代的焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯,再经酸催化脱水则得到含有链间烯炔结构的二氢卟吩.首次报道的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析确定其化学结构,对相应的化学反应也提出了可能的反应机理.     

C-3-吡唑啉基取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过对E-环、3-位碳碳双键和20-位meso-氢的结构修饰,在二氢卟吩色基上构建和引进不同的官能团,并进一步利用其3-位乙烯基与重氮甲烷的1,3-偶极环加成反应,完成一系列C-3-吡唑啉基取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成.同时,讨论了叶绿素衍生物的1,3-偶极环加成反应的的区域选择性与立体选择性.所得新的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析得以证实.     

具有叶绿素碳架的二氢卟吩醛的合成及其与蛋白质的结合作用

以脱镁叶绿酸-a(b)甲酯为起始原料,经外接环修饰和色基金属化形成不同的叶绿素降解产物,再通过Vilsmeier酰基化和Blanc羟甲基化反应,在20-位上引进了新的官能基团.以四氧化锇、硝酸铊和空气为氧化剂,对二氢卟吩周环上的活性结构进行氧化,分别在二氢卟吩周环上的3-,7-和12-位以及外接环上引进了甲酰基和甲酰甲基,合成了一系列未见报道的叶绿素类二氢卟吩醛衍生物,其化学结构均经UV,IR,~1H NMR及元素分析予以证实;同时也讨论了叶绿素类二氢卟吩醛基化的反应机理,并对新化合物与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用进行了研究.     

(焦)脱镁叶绿酸-a的1,3-偶极环加成反应及其叶绿素类二氢卟吩的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过加成、缩合和空气氧化等常见化学反应,在二氢卟吩色基上构建了新的碳碳双键;选择不同的1,3-偶极体与3-位、12-位和外接环烯键进行1,3-偶极环加成反应,完成了一系列具有五元杂环取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成,其化学结构均经UV-Vis、IR、MS、1H NMR及元素分析予以证实,并对1,3-偶极环加成反应的区域选择性及其相应的反应机理进行了讨论.     

多酯基取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过碱性条件下的水解开环、空气氧化和重排反应,分别合成了红紫素-7三甲酯和二氢卟吩-p6三甲酯.然后对其C(3)-乙烯基、20-meso-位、12-位甲基以及尾端酯基进行化学修饰,通过亲电加成、亲电取代、1,3-偶极环加成和氧化重排等反应,完成10种具未见报道的的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物,其化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR光谱及元素分析予以表征.     

焦脱镁叶绿酸-a的C(12)-位非甲基化及其叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成

以叶绿素降解产物脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,利用空气氧化反应在12-位上引进甲酰基,再通过氧化、还原、Grignard、Knoevenagel、Cannizzaro和1,3-偶极环加成等经典反应进行官能团转换,并对五元外接E-环实施结构改造,在C(12)-位上分别建立了能与大环色基形成不同共轭程度的酰基、酯基和取代烃基,完成了一系列未见报道的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成,其化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析予以证实,同时也讨论了C(12)-位非甲基化对叶绿素类四吡咯大环分子所形成的各种影响.     

具有叶绿素基本碳架的C-3-异噁唑啉基二氢卟吩类衍生物的合成

以脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过3-位乙烯基与氧化苯甲腈和4-取代氧化苯甲腈的1,3-偶极环加成反应,分别得到3-位异噁唑基取代的二氢卟吩衍生物以及其他形式的加成产物,对其脱镁叶绿酸的E-环结构修饰则转换成相应的二氢卟吩-p6衍生物;脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯经空气氧化和重排反应形成了红紫素-18-内酰胺,再与4-取代氧化苯甲腈进行相同的环加成反应,也以理想的产率生成标题化合物.所得新的二氢卟吩衍生物的化学结构均经UV,IR,1H NMR 及元素分析得以证实,并对相应的反应提出可能的反应机理.     

叶绿素-a及其降解产物的化学修饰与二氢卟吩醇类衍生物的合成

以叶绿素-a为基本原料,在酸性条件下一锅法完成脱金属、酯交换、空气氧化和重排反应,以不同的产率生成多种叶绿素-a的降解和氧化产物.通过加成、氧化和还原反应,对其主要降解产物脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯和焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯的3-位乙烯基和E-环羰基实施化学修饰,在叶绿素-a基本碳架的不同位置上引进羟基,完成9种未见报道的二氢卟吩醇类衍生物的合成.所合成的新化合物均经UV,IR,1HNMR及元素分析证明其结构.     

Copolymers of tetrafluoroethene with chlorotrifluoroethene and with bromotrifluoroethene

Tetrafluoroethene (TFE)–chlorotrifluoroethene (CTFE) and TFE–bromotrifluoroethene (BTFE) copolymers have been synthesized by solution copolymerization over the entire range of comonomer composition. Crystallinity data are reported and first- and second-order transitions have been investigated by DSC. Glass transition temperatures of TFE-CTFE copolymers vary in a nonlinear fashion in the range defined by the homopolymers conforming best to the Johnston equation; the behavior in the TFE-BTFE system is more linear. Whereas TFE-BTFE copolymers show a steep decrease of melting temperature at higher BTFE content, due to the amorphous character of the polymers, more regular behavior was found for TFE-CTFE copolymers. Enthalpies of fusion are also reported. The results are discussed in relation to copolymer composition and structure and are compared with data on tetrafluoroethene–hexafluoropropene (FEP) fluorocarbon resins.     

Asymmetric sorbents with N-carboxymethyl-L-valine and with N-carboxymethyl-L-aspartic acid

Conclusions The asymmetric sorbents with N-carboxymethyl-L-valine with N-carboxymethyl-L-aspartic acid can be used to resolve racemates by the ligand-exchange chromatography method. Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2378–2380, October, 1976.     

Reactions of indole derivatives with cardioprotective activity with reactive oxygen species. Comparison with melatonin

We have previously reported on the synthesis of novel indole derivatives containing an amine-triazole moiety (1a-d, 2a-c), and their antioxidant activity on in vitro non-enzymatic rat hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. Some of the compounds showed protective activity against oxidative injury of ischemic myocardium. In the present paper we investigated the interactions of these derivatives with reactive oxygen species, in order to find a mechanism of their antioxidant capacity and to identify structural characteristics responsible for these properties. These interactions were compared with melatonin, which is also an indole derivative. The antioxidant profiles of the compounds were established by different in vitro protocols as follows: 1) by the interaction of the compounds with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical, 2) their scavenging effects on superoxide anions using an enzymic system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase, 3) their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and 4) their ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals by comparison with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for *OH. All compounds were found to interact with DPPH, most of them to be superoxide anion scavengers and to be strong hydroxyl radical scavengers. Derivatives 1a and 1d substituted on the nitrogen of the indolic nucleus were found to have better antioxidant properties than the reference compounds used and melatonin.     

Voltammetry with a Fluoride-Selective Electrode with Solid-Phase Reference System

Experimental results obtained in a study of the voltammetric response of an all-solid fluoride-selective electrode based on LaF₃ (Eu²⁺ 0.8 mol %), LaF₃ (Sr²⁺ 5 mol %) and CeF₃ (Sr²⁺ 5 mol %) single crystals brought in contact with Ag, Bi, and Sn metal samples are presented. The method of cathodic inversion voltammetry was applied to study the reduction of La³⁺ and Ce³⁺-cations from the rigid sublattice of solid electrolytes, which determines the threshold of the electrochemical stability of a membrane. Anodic inversion voltammetry was used to investigate the characteristics of solid-phase generation of metal fluorides at the interface between the fluoride-selective electrode and metals.     

Treatment of Wool with Laccase and Dyeing with Madder

This research has explored the effect of laccase (Denilite ІІ S) on the physical properties of the wool fabric and confirms the anti-felting of wool. In the experiment, laccase was applied to a wool fabric and different characteristics including weight loss, strength, alkali solubility, felting shrinkage, water drop absorption, and dye ability with madder were studied. The surface morphology of the wool fabrics was also observed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that the wool fabric treated with laccase has a higher water drop absorption, lower felting shrinkage, and lower values of a ^* and b ^*. Treatment of a wool fabric with 10% or lower percentage of laccase reduced the fabric weight but increased the tensile strength. However, using higher concentration of laccase reduced fabric weight and tensile strength. The dyeing of laccase pre-treated wool fabric with madder indicated a lower lightness.