仪器仪表行业发展方向

(1)仪器仪表产品的高科技化，必将成为日后仪器仪表科技与产业的发展主流。近十年来，世界微电子技术、计算机技术、精密机械技术、高密封技术、特种加工技术、集成技术、薄膜技术、网络技术、纳米技术、激光技术、超导技术、生物技术等高新技术获得了迅猛的发展。这一背景和形势，不但给仪器仪表提出了更高更新更多样的要求，如要求速度更快、灵敏度更高、稳定性更好、样品量更少、检测微损甚至无损、遥感遥测遥控距离更远、使用更方便、成本更低廉、无污染等等，     

分析仪器行业近20年技术发展趋势

近20年来,微电子技术、计算机技术、精密机械技术、薄膜技术、网络技术、纳米技术、激光技术和生物技术等高新技术得到了迅猛发展,使分析仪器技术领域发生了根本性的变革,正朝着微型化、智能化、自动化和网络化方向迅速迈进。     

常见光谱技术在植物油品质检测中的应用

植物油品质检测技术中,以光谱技术为代表的更为简单方便、快速而不失准确性的无损检测技术为市场所需要。该文从植物油组成成分、市场售卖植物油掺假现状两方面对植物油的品质相关指标进行了介绍,着重介绍了红外光谱技术、拉曼光谱技术、荧光光谱技术、紫外光谱技术等不同光谱技术在植物油品质检测中的研究进展和应用现状,最后提出了光谱技术在植物油品质检测发展中的瓶颈,并对光谱技术在植物油品质检测中应用前景进行了展望。     

有机磷农药残留检测前处理技术研究进展

在分析有机磷农残检测现状的基础上,综述了近年来有机磷农残检测的前处理技术,如超临界萃取技术、固相微萃取技术、搅拌棒吸附萃取技术、基质固相分散法技术、分散液相微萃取技术等,并展望了有机磷农残检测前处理技术的发展趋势.     

光催化技术在降解有机染料污染物方面的应用

光催化技术是一种新兴的高效节能现代污水处理技术,本文从半导体光催化技术研究现状、反应机理、反应动力学、光催化技术发展及其存在的问题等方面对半导体光催化技术在降解常见有机染料方面的应用加以综述.     

光催化降解水中有机污染物研究现状与展望

光催化技术是一种新兴、高效、节能、现代污水处理技术。从半导体光催化技术研究现状、反应机理、常见有机污染物光催化降解的现状、提高半导体光催化剂活性的途径、光催化技术发展中存在问题等方面对半导体光催化技术加以综述和讨论。目前不论从光催化技术、光催化的基础研究以及光催化应用研究方面都需进行大量的、深入研究工作。     

生物酶技术在农药残留快速检测中的应用

介绍了4种应用于农药残留检测的生物酶技术类型、原理及相关研究进展,主要包括微生物降解技术、酶抑制技术、酶联免疫吸附技术及酶免疫放大技术.分析并探讨了这些技术的优点及存在的不足,对今后生物酶技术快速检测农药残留工作进行了展望.生物酶技术应用在农药残留检测具有简便、快速、灵敏等优点,有着广阔的应用前景,对人类健康及环境保护具有深远的意义.     

环境样品中砷、硒形态分析研究进展

综述了近年来环境样品中砷、硒形态分析的研究进展,主要内容包括样品的前处理技术、分离技术、检测技术。前处理技术主要是用各种提取液采用各种方式提取样品中的砷、硒形态,分离技术主要有高效液相色谱分离、气相色谱分离、毛细管电泳分离等,检测技术主要有原子吸收光谱法、原子发射光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等。最后对其研究前景进行了展望。     

绿色化学关键技术在精细化工中的应用

绿色化学理念及技术的创新发展,能够更好与精细化工的各环节结合,提升效率、降低消耗、节约成本、增强竞争力,符合我国低碳发展方向,满足行业的可持续发展需求。本文主要介绍近年来绿色化学技术在精细化工领域的发展现状和应用前景,探讨了生物催化/发酵技术、非贵金属或无金属催化技术、微通道反应技术、新能源驱动的化学反应技术、新型高效分离技术、生产过程的人工智能和自动化等绿色化学关键技术在精细化工研制中的应用实例,为推动绿色化学技术的综合利用和可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。     

原位被动采样技术*

本文介绍了近些年来环境监测中三种新的原位被动采样技术-透析装置（Dialysis peepers）法、薄膜扩散平衡 (DET) 技术和薄膜扩散梯度 (DGT) 技术。综述了三种技术的原理、装置和特点。着重论述了三种技术在环境中的应用研究,包括透析装置以及DET 技术和DGT联用技术测量水体和沉积物孔隙水中可溶性金属的浓度;DGT技术可以作为一种预测重金属生物可利用性的新方法。DGT技术与其他技术（如DET、高离子选择电极、配体交换法、HPLC-ICP-MS等）联用可以更好地测量环境中重金属的形态。最后展望了原位被动采样技术未来的发展。     

合成聚芳酯树状分子的新方法

以３，５－二羟基 苯甲酸为起始原料，经甲醇酯化保护羧基，与苯甲酰氯反应，得到３，５－二苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸甲酯用ＡｌＣｌ３．ＮａＩ去掉保护基甲基，以高收率得到３，５－二苯甲酰氧基苯甲酸。其结构均是由ＩＲ，＾１ＨＮＭＲ，ＥＡ等方法证实。     

西维来司钠的合成

以对羟基苯磺酸钠为原料，经2，2-二甲基丙酰氯缩合、与氯化亚砜反应而成4-(2，2-二甲基丙酰氧基)苯磺酰氯，再经与2-氨基苯甲酸缩合、与甘氨酸苄酯成酰胺、加氢脱去保护基团，最后与氢氧化钠成盐而合成了西维来司钠。     

N-去甲万古霉素的亲和吸附

通过交联聚丙烯酸甲酯与乙醇胺反应,形成聚(N-羟乙基丙烯酰胺)树脂,在酸催化作用下与环氧氯丙烷反应,形成含有α-羟基氯乙基的树脂.含α-羟基氯乙基的树脂与D-丙氨酸、L-丙氨酸或甘氨酸反应,分别得到含有这3种氨基酸的吸附剂.这3种吸附剂吸附N-去甲万古霉素的结果表明,含D-丙氨酸的吸附剂的吸附量最大,含甘氨酸的吸附剂的吸附量次之,而含L-丙氨酸的吸附剂不吸附N-去万古霉素.说明前两种吸附剂对N-去甲万古霉素存在亲和吸附作用.含D-丙氨酸吸附剂的最佳吸附pH值为5.8,当吸附液中的盐(NaCl)浓度增加时,吸附量降低.用0.4mol/LNa₂CO₃/CH₃CN(摩尔比7∶3,pH=9.5)作为洗脱剂可完全脱附被吸附的N-去甲万古霉素.     

固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术的进展

 较全面地评述了固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术的发展与应用 ,包括该技术的原理、接口装置、涂层材料等。     

Role of binding entropy in the refinement of protein-ligand docking predictions: analysis based on the use of 11 scoring functions

We present results of testing the ability of eleven popular scoring functions to predict native docked positions using a recently developed method (Ruvinsky and Kozintsev, J Comput Chem 2005, 26, 1089) for estimation the entropy contributions of relative motions to protein-ligand binding affinity. The method is based on the integration of the configurational integral over clusters obtained from multiple docked positions. We use a test set of 100 PDB protein-ligand complexes and ensembles of 101 docked positions generated by (Wang et al. J Med Chem 2003, 46, 2287) for each ligand in the test set. To test the suggested method we compared the averaged root-mean square deviations (RMSD) of the top-scored ligand docked positions, accounting and not accounting for entropy contributions, relative to the experimentally determined positions. We demonstrate that the method increases docking accuracy by 10-21% when used in conjunction with the AutoDock scoring function, by 2-25% with G-Score, by 7-41% with D-Score, by 0-8% with LigScore, by 1-6% with PLP, by 0-12% with LUDI, by 2-8% with F-Score, by 7-29% with ChemScore, by 0-9% with X-Score, by 2-19% with PMF, and by 1-7% with DrugScore. We also compared the performance of the suggested method with the method based on ranking by cluster occupancy only. We analyze how the choice of a clustering-RMSD and a low bound of dense clusters impacts on docking accuracy of the scoring methods. We derive optimal intervals of the clustering-RMSD for 11 scoring functions.     

表面等离子体子共振传感器用于研究不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子性质

利用自行设计组装的以白色发光二极管为光源的表面等离子体子共振传感器实验装置, 检测了不同材质包裹的磁性纳米粒子连接靶向DNA与生物素化DNA探针的结合程度. 结果表明, 与聚苯乙烯磁性微球连接的靶向DNA相比, Fe3O4@SiO2核壳式纳米微球连接的靶向DNA与生物素化的DNA探针结合速率较快, 且其相对标准偏差较小.     

Synthesis of branched copolysilanes from trichlorosilanes

Soluble polymers and copolymers have been prepared from monosubstituted trichlorosilanes via thermal reductive coupling with sodium in toluene. Phenyltrichlorosilane has been copolymerized with methylphenyl dichlorosilane, with n-hexyltrichlorosilane, with tetrachlorosilane and with tetrakis(chlorodimethylsilyl)silane. n-Hexyltrichlorosilane has been copolymerized with methylphenyldichlorosilane, with phenyltrichlorosilane and with silicon tetrachloride. Soluble polymers and copolymers with molecular weight in the range ≈ 2,000 to ≈ 10⁶ have been obtained. The absorption and emission spectra of the resulting polymers are strongly affected by the presence of trisilyl- and tetrasilylsubstituted silicon atoms. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Partitioning and adsorption in gas-liquid-solid chromatography: Models of temporal moments for retention and variance

Summary The resolution of gaseous chemical species in gasliquid-solid chromatography is influenced by absorption (partitioning) in the liquid and adsorption at the liquid-solid interface. We consider fundamental mass transfer models with adsorption and partitioning effects for solid chromatographic supports covered with thin films of stationary liquid. The dynamic models, based on mass-balance partial-differential equations, include the significant phenomena: convection, axial dispersion, gas-liquid mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid-solid adsorption. Expressions for retention time and band variance (first and second temporal moments) are presented and evaluated for four distinct models: (1) capillary tube with inner surface covered with a uniform-thickness liquid film, (2) column of nonporous spheres covered with a uniform-thickness liquid film, (3) porous spherical particles with intraparticle pores covered with a uniform-thickness liquid film, (4) porous spherical particles with intraparticle pores completely filled with liquid.     

Synthesis and copolymerization of new phosphorus‐containing acrylates

Two phosphorus‐containing acrylate monomers were synthesized from the reaction of ethyl α‐chloromethyl acrylate and t‐butyl α‐bromomethyl acrylate with triethyl phosphite. The selective hydrolysis of the ethyl ester monomer with trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) gave a phosphonic acid monomer. The attempted bulk polymerizations of the monomers at 57–60 °C with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were unsuccessful; however, the monomers were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in bulk at 60 °C with AIBN. The resulting copolymers produced chars on burning, showing potential as flame‐retardant materials. Additionally, α‐(chloromethyl)acryloyl chloride (CMAC) was reacted with diethyl (hydroxymethyl)phosphonate to obtain a new monomer with identical ester and ether moieties. This monomer was hydrolyzed with TMSBr, homopolymerized, and copolymerized with MMA. The thermal stabilities of the copolymers increased with increasing amounts of the phosphonate monomer in the copolymers. A new route to highly reactive phosphorus‐containing acrylate monomers was developed. A new derivative of CMAC with mixed ester and ether groups was synthesized by substitution, first with diethyl (hydroxymethyl)phosphonate and then with sodium acetate. This monomer showed the highest reactivity and gave a crosslinked polymer. The incorporation of an ester group increased the rate of polymerization. The relative reactivities of the synthesized monomers in photopolymerizations were determined and compared with those of the other phosphorous‐containing acrylate monomers. Changing the monomer structure allowed control of the polymerization reactivity so that new phosphorus‐containing polymers with desirable properties could be obtained. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2207–2217, 2003     

稀土奥贝蠕铁制取工艺及其性能的研究

稀土奥贝蠕铁可用含稀土的蠕化剂及等温淬火工艺稳定地制取,藉助高温扫描电子显微镜,观察并研究了稀土蠕铁奥氏体化过程及稀土奥贝蠕铁随温度升高时组织的变化。用带有加热装置的万能材料试验等土奥贝蠕铁的各种性能进行了系统测定了如抗拉强度、延伸率、冲吉韧性、热膨胀系数及伸长百分率,结果表明,稀土奥贝蠕铁在室温和高温下均有良好的性能。