Ni2+/TiO2纳米管的光催化活性

以Ni2+/TiO2粉体和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了Ni2 +/TiO2纳米管,通过XRD、UV-Vis、SEM等技术对Ni2+-TiO2纳米管的结构、形貌等进行表征,并以罗丹明B为目标降解物,对样品光催化活性进行评价.结果表明:煅烧前,样品主要以钛酸盐的形式存在,有很好的管状结构,管壁较薄,管径为50 ～ 100 nm,管长约为12μm,长径比较大.UV-Vis谱显示约为在284 nm处有一个较弱的吸收峰;500℃煅烧后,钛酸盐的衍射峰强度明显降低,TiO2衍射峰强度增强,纳米管出现坍塌、断裂,锐钛矿相显著,对光的吸收范围也拓展到可见光区,且煅烧后样品的光催化活性显著提高,60 min降解率可达95;.     

利用离子交换法制备银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构及其光催化性能的研究

通过将水热法制备的钛酸盐纳米管,质子化得到氢基钛酸盐纳米管(H-TNTs)后,利用离子交换法,在碱性条件下,制备出银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构(Ag@TiO2).采用XRD、TEM、XPS、DRS等手段对不同工艺下制备的Ag@TiO2的形貌、结构、组成和光学性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了其光催化活性.研究发现,利用离子交换的方法,可以将银以单质银的形式均匀沉积在二氧化钛纳米结构中,随着煅烧温度的升高,Ag@TiO2光催化剂的形貌由管状结构转变成棒状结构,在长度不断减小的同时,直径不断增大,同时结晶度逐步提高.550℃煅烧的Ag@TiO2的光催化活性最好,以其为光催化剂,60 mL 20 mg·L-的甲基橙在1.5h时降解完全.     

SnO2负载TiO2纳米管的制备与光催化活性

结合阳极氧化法和脉冲沉积法合成SnO2/TiO2纳米管光催化剂,实现了SnO2纳米颗粒在TiO2纳米管表面的均匀负载.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,以甲基橙为模拟污染物,评价了纳米管的光催化活性.结果表明,SnO2/TiO2纳米管经750℃煅烧后主晶相为锐钛矿相TiO2,含少量金红石相TiO2和SnO2,三者两两之间形成三元异质结,促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,此时SnO2/TiO2纳米管表现出最佳的光催化活性,紫外光下对甲基橙1 h分解比例由32.4;提升至96.5;.     

热处理过程对纳米TiO2结构和性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2,结合TG-DTA,XRD,TEM等分析了不同热处理温度对纳米TiO2的晶型结构、晶粒粒径及微观形貌的影响.以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物,探讨了热处理温度对纳米TiO2光催化活性影响.利用Eastman的粒子生长理论对晶粒生长的动力学过程进行初步分析.研究表明:随着热处理温度升高,TiO2粒径逐渐从11.2 nm增大到78.6 nm;热处理温度为450～ 550℃时,纳米TiO2晶粒以锐钛矿为主,温度升至650℃时,出现了锐钛矿和金红石的混合相(质量比A∶R =9∶1),此时晶粒对甲基橙的降解率达到97.75;.而煅烧温度高于850℃后,TiO2几乎完全为金红石相,光催化活性显著下降.50;锐钛矿型TiO2转变金红石型TiO2的温度约为730℃,锐钛矿和金红石相晶粒表观活化能分别18.15 kJ/mol和42.56 kJ/mol;晶粒生长最快温度分别为546℃和1280℃.     

煅烧条件对纳米TiO2/膨胀珍珠岩复合材料性能的影响

以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,TiOSO4为钛源,采用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米TiO2/膨胀珍珠岩复合材料,通过XRD、SEM和FT-IR对复合材料的TiO2晶体结构、表面性质和形貌进行分析表征.研究了煅烧温度和煅烧时间对复合材料中TiO2结晶和光催化性能的影响.结果显示在550℃下煅烧2h时,复合材料的光催化性能最高,此时TiO2为锐钛矿,晶粒尺寸为11.93 nm,对罗丹明溶液的降解率达到95;以上.复合材料具有良好的再生重复使用性能,经5次回收再利用后仍表现较高的光催化性能.     

钒掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备及光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛前驱体,偏钒酸铵为掺杂离子给体.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了V掺杂纳米二氧化钛粉体;并使用TGA-DSC、XRD、BET、SEM对其晶化温度与结构进行了表征.结果表明:V掺入促进锐钛矿相向金红石相转变、抑制晶粒长大、增大比表面积,纳米粉体颗粒呈分布较均匀的类球形晶粒.以亚甲基蓝为模型反应,考察了V掺杂量、煅烧温度对催化剂光催化性能的影响,结果表明:V掺杂的TiO2 粉体降解亚甲基蓝符合一级反应动力学规律;晶格中V4+能够作为电荷转移物种,有效的抑制光生电子与空穴的复合,增加了表面空穴浓度,提高TiO2 纳米粉体的光催化活性,当掺杂量为1.5 mol;,煅烧温度为450 ℃时,TiO2 具有最佳的光催化性能.     

不同晶型TiO2的制备与光催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,利用不同温度热处理制备了不同晶体结构的TiO2纳米晶.利用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS等分析方法对样品的晶体结构、形貌、化学元素组成以及价态进行了表征.结果表明400 ℃、500 ℃热处理TiO2为锐钛矿晶型,600 ℃ 热处理为锐钛矿金红石混合晶型,700 ℃热处理为金红石晶型,单颗粒子呈现类似球形形貌.以罗丹明B为目标污染物,测试了样品的光催化性能,结果表明400 ℃热处理TiO2具有最高的光催化活性,3 h后对罗丹明B的降解率达到94.6;,其反应速率常数达到0.969 h-1.     

整体利用钛精矿制备多相复合型光催化粉体

以攀枝花钛精矿为原料,加入一定配比的氧化锌,采用固相反应煅烧法制备具有光催化作用的多相复合粉体.利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线粉末衍射、BET氮气吸附法、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、紫外-可见分光光度法对原料及合成粉体进行性能表征.主要研究了煅烧温度对合成粉体的物相组成、比表面积、光吸收性能及其光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体的物相组成发生变化,比表面积减小,光催化活性降低.加入20;ZnO、在600℃热处理1 h制备的粉体具有最高的光催化活性,对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率达到90;.     

电解液温度对二氧化钛纳米管阵列结构及光电性能的影响

以氟化铵(NH4F)、乙二醇溶液为电解液,在不同的电解液温度(0～50℃)条件下,采用电化学阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米管阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌、结构和光学性能进行表征.结果表明,电解液温度高于20℃均能制备出纳米管阵列.光照下电解液温度40℃时制备的TiO2纳米管阵列具有最高光电流密度(Iph)0.2408 mA/cm2.以活性艳红X-3B为目标降解物,在室温、紫外光照射条件下考察了电解液温度对光催化活性的影响,结果显示电解液温度40℃时制备的TiO2纳米管阵列具有最高的光催化活性.     

TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在钛箔上制备了TiO_2纳米管阵列,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FSEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见分光光度计对TiO_2纳米管的形貌、结构和光学性能进行表征,详细考察了阳极氧化工艺参数对纳米管阵列形貌的影响,探讨了氧化钛纳米管阵列的形成机理,并对其光催化活性进行了测试,研究结果表明:在0.5 wt; HF和1 mol/L H3PO_4电解液中,控制氧化电压为20 V,反应60 min后,在钛箔表面可获得垂直导向的TiO_2纳米管阵列,管内径为60~80 nm,管壁厚约10 nm;600 ℃热处理后的TiO_2纳米管阵列薄膜对349.7 nm近紫外光和443.9 nm可见光有较强的吸收能力;煅烧温度对纳米管的晶型结构和光催化活性有显著影响.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。