Ni2+/TiO2纳米管的光催化活性

以Ni2+/TiO2粉体和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了Ni2 +/TiO2纳米管,通过XRD、UV-Vis、SEM等技术对Ni2+-TiO2纳米管的结构、形貌等进行表征,并以罗丹明B为目标降解物,对样品光催化活性进行评价.结果表明:煅烧前,样品主要以钛酸盐的形式存在,有很好的管状结构,管壁较薄,管径为50 ～ 100 nm,管长约为12μm,长径比较大.UV-Vis谱显示约为在284 nm处有一个较弱的吸收峰;500℃煅烧后,钛酸盐的衍射峰强度明显降低,TiO2衍射峰强度增强,纳米管出现坍塌、断裂,锐钛矿相显著,对光的吸收范围也拓展到可见光区,且煅烧后样品的光催化活性显著提高,60 min降解率可达95％.     

利用离子交换法制备银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构及其光催化性能的研究

通过将水热法制备的钛酸盐纳米管,质子化得到氢基钛酸盐纳米管(H-TNTs)后,利用离子交换法,在碱性条件下,制备出银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构(Ag@TiO2)。采用XRD、TEM、XPS、DRS等手段对不同工艺下制备的Ag@TiO2的形貌、结构、组成和光学性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了其光催化活性。研究发现,利用离子交换的方法,可以将银以单质银的形式均匀沉积在二氧化钛纳米结构中,随着煅烧温度的升高,Ag@TiO2光催化剂的形貌由管状结构转变成棒状结构,在长度不断减小的同时,直径不断增大,同时结晶度逐步提高。550℃煅烧的Ag@TiO2的光催化活性最好,以其为光催化剂,60 mL 20 mg·L-1的甲基橙在1.5 h时降解完全。     

SnO2负载TiO2纳米管的制备与光催化活性

结合阳极氧化法和脉冲沉积法合成SnO2/TiO2纳米管光催化剂,实现了SnO2纳米颗粒在TiO2纳米管表面的均匀负载.利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对样品进行表征,以甲基橙为模拟污染物,评价了纳米管的光催化活性.结果表明,SnO2/TiO2纳米管经750℃煅烧后主晶相为锐钛矿相TiO2,含少量金红石相TiO2和SnO2,三者两两之间形成三元异质结,促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,此时SnO2/TiO2纳米管表现出最佳的光催化活性,紫外光下对甲基橙1 h分解比例由32.4;提升至96.5;.     

煅烧条件对纳米TiO_2/膨胀珍珠岩复合材料性能的影响

以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,TiOSO4为钛源,采用均匀沉淀法制备了纳米TiO2/膨胀珍珠岩复合材料,通过XRD、SEM和FT-IR对复合材料的TiO2晶体结构、表面性质和形貌进行分析表征。研究了煅烧温度和煅烧时间对复合材料中TiO2结晶和光催化性能的影响。结果显示在550℃下煅烧2 h时,复合材料的光催化性能最高,此时TiO2为锐钛矿,晶粒尺寸为11.93 nm,对罗丹明溶液的降解率达到95%以上。复合材料具有良好的再生重复使用性能,经5次回收再利用后仍表现较高的光催化性能。     

钒掺杂纳米二氧化钛的制备及光催化活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛前驱体,偏钒酸铵为掺杂离子给体。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了V掺杂纳米二氧化钛粉体;并使用TGA-DSC、XRD、BET、SEM对其晶化温度与结构进行了表征。结果表明:V掺入促进锐钛矿相向金红石相转变、抑制晶粒长大、增大比表面积,纳米粉体颗粒呈分布较均匀的类球形晶粒。以亚甲基蓝为模型反应,考察了V掺杂量、煅烧温度对催化剂光催化性能的影响,结果表明:V掺杂的TiO2粉体降解亚甲基蓝符合一级反应动力学规律;晶格中V4+能够作为电荷转移物种,有效的抑制光生电子与空穴的复合,增加了表面空穴浓度,提高TiO2纳米粉体的光催化活性,当掺杂量为1.5 mol%,煅烧温度为450℃时,TiO2具有最佳的光催化性能。     

不同晶型TiO_2的制备与光催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,利用不同温度热处理制备了不同晶体结构的TiO_2纳米晶。利用XRD、SEM、EDS、XPS等分析方法对样品的晶体结构、形貌、化学元素组成以及价态进行了表征。结果表明400℃、500℃热处理TiO_2为锐钛矿晶型,600℃热处理为锐钛矿金红石混合晶型,700℃热处理为金红石晶型,单颗粒子呈现类似球形形貌。以罗丹明B为目标污染物,测试了样品的光催化性能,结果表明400℃热处理TiO_2具有最高的光催化活性,3 h后对罗丹明B的降解率达到94.6%,其反应速率常数达到0.969 h~(-1)。     

TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用阳极氧化法在钛箔上制备了TiO_2纳米管阵列,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FSEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见分光光度计对TiO_2纳米管的形貌、结构和光学性能进行表征,详细考察了阳极氧化工艺参数对纳米管阵列形貌的影响,探讨了氧化钛纳米管阵列的形成机理,并对其光催化活性进行了测试,研究结果表明:在0.5 wt% HF和1 mol/L H3PO_4电解液中,控制氧化电压为20 V,反应60 min后,在钛箔表面可获得垂直导向的TiO_2纳米管阵列,管内径为60~80 nm,管壁厚约10 nm;600 ℃热处理后的TiO_2纳米管阵列薄膜对349.7 nm近紫外光和443.9 nm可见光有较强的吸收能力;煅烧温度对纳米管的晶型结构和光催化活性有显著影响.     

整体利用钛精矿制备多相复合型光催化粉体

以攀枝花钛精矿为原料,加入一定配比的氧化锌,采用固相反应煅烧法制备具有光催化作用的多相复合粉体.利用X射线荧光光谱、X射线粉末衍射、BET氮气吸附法、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、紫外-可见分光光度法对原料及合成粉体进行性能表征.主要研究了煅烧温度对合成粉体的物相组成、比表面积、光吸收性能及其光催化性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体的物相组成发生变化,比表面积减小,光催化活性降低.加入20%ZnO、在600℃热处理1 h制备的粉体具有最高的光催化活性,对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率达到90%.     

电解液温度对二氧化钛纳米管阵列结构及光电性能的影响

以氟化铵(NH4F)、乙二醇溶液为电解液,在不同的电解液温度(0~50℃)条件下,采用电化学阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛(TiO2)纳米管阵列。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UVVis)对TiO2纳米管阵列的形貌、结构和光学性能进行表征。结果表明,电解液温度高于20℃均能制备出纳米管阵列。光照下电解液温度40℃时制备的TiO2纳米管阵列具有最高光电流密度(Iph)0.2408 mA/cm2。以活性艳红X-3B为目标降解物,在室温、紫外光照射条件下考察了电解液温度对光催化活性的影响,结果显示电解液温度40℃时制备的TiO2纳米管阵列具有最高的光催化活性。     

软模板法制备二氧化钛纳米晶及表征

以钛酸丁酯为原料,正负表面活性剂自组装形成的囊泡为软模板,制备了二氧化钛纳米晶。采用XRD,TEM,TG-DSC,SEM和EDS,XPS等对二氧化钛纳米晶的微观结构进行表征。结果表明:二氧化钛纳米晶在囊泡双层膜内部,双层膜之间和外部均有析出;150℃,450℃,500℃,750℃,830℃焙烧得到锐钛矿相和金红石相二氧化钛纳米晶,并且随温度升高,锐钛矿相二氧化钛含量先增后减,500℃焙烧产物锐钛矿相二氧化钛含量最高,950℃焙烧产物只含有金红石相二氧化钛,二氧化钛纳米粒子呈不规则五边形,尺寸在80~110 nm之间。750℃焙烧产物对活性艳红具有较好的光催化活性。     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一。本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向。