纳米球和核壳纳米球对有机太阳能电池光吸收增强效果的研究

研究了SiO2纳米球、Ag纳米球、SiO2@Ag核壳纳米球、Ag@SiO2核壳纳米球结构分别掺杂到有机太阳能电池的活性层中对器件活性层的光捕获能力增强作用.结果显示:相较于等效的平板结构,掺杂SiO2介质球使活性层光吸收提高了9.95;;Ag金属球则带来11.0;光吸收增强.表明在有机太阳能电池中的活性层中掺杂参数优化的金属球和介质球都能够带来活性层光吸收增强.另外,对活性层中掺杂核壳纳米球结构的研究表明:掺杂SiO2@Ag核壳纳米球的活性层光吸收随着包覆层厚度的增加而增加,当Ag壳厚度为16 nm时,增强效果与掺杂最优的介质球的效果接近,而且两者增强谱也基本相同;掺杂Ag@SiO2核壳纳米球结构中活性层光吸收随着介质包覆层厚度增加而减弱,当包覆层厚度为1 nm时,吸收效果与金属球相当,且吸收谱也是基本相同.通过在有机太阳能电池活性层中掺杂介质球、金属球以及核壳纳米球所带来的活性层光吸收增强效果的研究,为选择掺杂纳米球和核/壳纳米球来提高光捕获能力提供了指导.     

Ag纳米蛾膜结构阵列对薄膜硅太阳能电池光吸收的影响

设计了一种带有Ag纳米蛾膜结构阵列的薄膜硅太阳能电池背反射器.采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法,系统仿真研究了Ag纳米蛾膜阵列的底部直径、高度、阵列周期常数对薄膜硅太阳能电池光吸收的影响.仿真结果表明,Ag纳米蛾膜结构最佳结构参数为:d=60 nm,a=120 nm,h =100 nm.吸收光谱表明带有Ag纳米蛾膜结构的薄膜硅太阳能电池可有效增加700～ 1200 nm波段范围的光,同带有Ag层的薄膜硅太阳能电池相比,光吸收平均增强53.8;,这是因为Si/Ag界面产生表面等离子体共振现象所致.     

不同形状金属光栅增强PTB7∶PC70 BM有机太阳能电池光吸收效率的研究

金属光栅会激发表面等离子激元,促进光吸收,将金属光栅引入PTB7∶PC70BM有机太阳能电池中,通过优化金属光栅形状,可增强电池的光吸收效率。本文使用有限元方法,研究了在活性层的底部置入不同形状金属光栅,例如方形,椭圆形以及圆形,后器件的光吸收效率。研究结果发现,方形光栅可以使活性层的总吸收率从平板结构的29;提高到52.9;,提高的幅度最大,椭圆形光栅次之,提高到49;,圆形光栅提高的最小,提高到45;。     

基于AAO纳米光栅的薄膜硅太阳能电池表面减反结构设计与仿真

提出了一种新型的表面带有阳极氧化铝(AAO)纳米光栅的薄膜硅太阳能电池表面减反结构.理论分析设计了AAO纳米光栅结构参数.用Tracepro光学软件研究了不同占空比和光栅常数对薄膜硅光吸收的影响,得到了最佳结构参数.在此基础上,运用FDTD软件进一步模拟了带有最佳AAO结构尺寸的太阳能电池吸收谱线.仿真结果表明在光栅常数为440 nm,光栅高度为75 nm,占空比为0.5结构尺寸下,AAO具有最强的加强光吸收的作用.     

基于银纳米颗粒的PCF SERS传感器优化设计

为充分发挥表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光子晶体光纤(PCF)传感器的应用价值,对实芯PCF的结构、银纳米颗粒结构参数对传感性能的影响进行研究与对比,据此设计出适用于PCFSERS传感的实芯PCF以及银纳米颗粒的形状、大小、间距等参数.经数值计算,入射波长为785 nm时,设计的实芯六孔PCF模场面积可达25.8 μm2,并能够实现单模传输.而半径为38 nm的银纳米球,间距为0.7nm时能够产生最大的SERS增强因子.研究证明,设计的实芯PCF在785 nm输入波长下能够提供理想的活性面积,银纳米颗粒的形状、尺寸、间距对SERS性能影响严重,而且与入射波长有很强的依赖关系.     

基于微腔效应增强单层二硫化钨光吸收

提出基于金属薄膜-分布式布拉格反射器微腔效应增强单层二硫化钨光吸收的多层薄膜结构.运用光学传输矩阵理论研究了其输运特性,发现由于金属薄膜-分布式布拉格反射器的微腔效应,在间隔层和覆盖层之间形成电场强度极大值,有效促进入射光与单层二硫化钨的相互作用.综合优化金属层、间隔层和覆盖层厚度,单层二硫化钨在612 nm处的光吸收提高了38倍,达到78.42;.进一步探讨了光入射角、分布式布拉格反射器周期、间隔层折射率与单层二硫化钨光吸收的关系.研究结果表明,上述结构参数的变化可有效调控单层二硫化钨的吸收峰值.研究结果为制备高性能单层二硫化钨光电探测器等新型光电子器件提供了新思路.     

AAO纳米光栅结构参数对薄膜硅太阳能电池光吸收的影响研究

以多孔氧化铝(AAO)为模板设计了一种新型的纳米光栅背反射结构.采用微波工作室(CST MWS)软件对该结构进行仿真,研究AAO模板的孔径大小、孔径深度和占空比对薄膜硅太阳能电池光吸收的影响.仿真结果表明,以AAO为模板制备的新型背反射结构能够有效地延长光的传播路径,增加长波长光子的吸收.当孔径大小为157.2 nm,孔深为78.6 nm,占空比为0.5时,效果最佳.这与理论的计算结果相一致.     

银纳米颗粒表面覆盖度对非晶硅薄膜光吸收特性的影响

本文采用磁控溅射系统在非晶硅薄膜的表面沉积不同覆盖度的银纳米颗粒,并研究纳米颗粒的表面覆盖度对非晶硅薄膜光吸收特性的影响.结果表明随着纳米颗粒表面覆盖度的增加,薄膜的晶格结构并不受影响.但是,随着表面覆盖度的增加,薄膜在近红外区域内对光的吸收范围却发生了明显变化.当纳米颗粒的表面覆盖度达到8;时,薄膜在近红外区域内对光的吸收范围达到了最大.这主要是由于纳米颗粒的局域表面等离子体增强了光吸收.     

Na3ZrF7:Er/Yb纳米颗粒的合成及荧光性能研究

采用热分解法制备多种核壳结构的Na3ZrF7:Er/Yb纳米颗粒,并对制备的上转换纳米颗粒的形貌、晶相以及发光特性进行研究.在980nm激发光激发下,与单核的Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;纳米颗粒相比,核壳结构的Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;@CaF2上转换纳米颗粒荧光强度提高了5倍.把Yb3+/Nd3+共掺的四方相NaYF4层包覆在Na3ZrF7:Er3+2;,Yb3+20;@CaF2纳米颗粒上,我们实现了Na3ZrF7@CaF2@NaYF4纳米颗粒在808nm激发下较强的上转换红光发射,发射光的红绿比在10左右,并对其发光机制作出了解释.     

采用超薄的GaAs光子晶体吸收层提高太阳能电池的吸收效率

本文提出了一种超薄的GaAs光子晶体吸收层结构.吸收层厚度只有0.2μm,太阳能电池的总厚度只有0.35μm.计算结果表明:当晶格常数T=0.46μm、上表面边长r=0.05μm、下表面边长R=0.1μm、高度为0.2μm时,吸收层的吸收效率较高.在300～700 nm波长范围内,该薄膜太阳能电池的吸收效率比吸收层不含光子晶体的电池提高了61.80;.所设计的薄膜电池结构在波长为300～700 nm、入射角为0°～70°范围内的吸收效率均在60;以上,满足太阳电池对宽频谱、广角度光吸收的要求.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备紫外及蓝光双截止润眼镀膜玻璃

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在3 mm厚的普白玻璃含锡面镀制镶嵌Ag纳米粒子的氧化硅薄膜,达到吸收蓝光的效果,在其非锡面镀制纤锌矿结构的氧化锌薄膜,达到阻隔紫外效果.通过双膜层的相互作用,达到对紫外和短波蓝光有效阻隔吸收,从而获得具有紫外蓝光防护及润眼功能的镀膜玻璃.研究了热处理温度和膜层厚度对近紫外和蓝光阻隔率的影响.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,膜层更加致密,且退火温度越高,蓝光的吸收率也逐渐提高,吸收峰位红移.利用浮法玻璃本体的富锡表面还原AgNO3成Ag纳米粒子分散镶嵌在氧化硅薄膜的结构,能有效吸收380～450 nm的短波蓝光.实验样品呈现出美观的淡金黄色,且随着膜厚的增大,金黄色程度逐渐加深.以样品a为例,所制备的氧化锌膜层为稳定的纤锌矿结构,膜厚为438 nm,表面为球状颗粒,对380 nm以下的紫外光阻隔率为98.83;;所制备氧化硅薄膜厚为200 nm,表面致密,对380～450 nm的蓝光阻隔率为90.73;,样品整体450～780 nm可见光透过率为77.8;.     

荧光标记用Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+纳米发光材料的研究

通过水热共沉淀法制备了Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+纳米发光材料并对其进行表面修饰,研究了添加不同金属络合剂对样品粒径、分散性、发光性能的影响及表面修饰后样品的性能.通过X射线衍射分析,激发发射光谱及余辉性能测试研究了不同金属络合剂对Sr2MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+结晶性能、发光性能的影响,通过SEM和TEM图分析研究了不同金属络合剂对颗粒粒径、分散性的影响,结果表明添加EDTA时样品结晶与发光性能良好且粒径为50～ 200 nm,为制备Sr2 MgSi2O7∶Eu2+,Dy3+纳米发光颗粒的最佳添加剂.此外,将样品进行表面修饰后,通过红外光谱、Zeta电势分析研究了其官能团的连接情况和电势大小,通过纳米粒度分析、SEM和TEM图谱分析研究了表面修饰后样品的粒径分布、形貌以及核壳结构,结果表明样品表面修饰后成功包裹了SiO2壳层,并通过悬浮测试证明了SiO2包覆后的长余辉纳米粒子悬浮性能良好.     

CuSCN空穴传输层工艺对钙钛矿电池性能的影响

采用溶液法制备了硫氰酸亚铜(CuSCN)薄膜,并将其作为空穴传输层制备了平面n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳电池.系统考察了CuSCN薄膜退火温度、旋涂转速对钙钛矿太阳电池性能的影响.研究结果表明,CuSCN薄膜在70 ℃下退火10 min可以获得较好的电池性能;在此基础上通过调整旋涂转速至2000 r/min,控制CuSCN薄膜厚度约为240 nm,电池性能获得了进一步的提升,电池效率可达11.77;.该研究结果表明,CuSCN材料是一种有潜力的、低成本高性能无机空穴传输材料.     

Structural,optical and photoluminescence properties of ZnS: Cu nanoparticle thin films as a function of dopant concentration and quantum confinement effect

Thin films of ZnS: Cu nanoparticles were deposited in chemical bath by a pH controlled solution synthesis technique. The copper concentration was varied from 0 to 0.1M%. XRD and SEM indicated variations in diffracted intensity and morphology with Cu concentration. The PL spectrum of the undoped ZnS nanoparticles showed emission peaks at 393 and 432nm that could be attributed to the intrinsic defect states of ZnS nanoparticles. For ZnS: Cu samples three peaks in the range of 390nm, 480nm and 525nm were observed. With increase in Cu concentration from 0.001 to 0.1M%, the peak position of 480nm and 525nm did not change, whereas 390nm peak red shifted to longer wavelength region to 422nm. In addition, it was found that the overall photoluminescence intensity reached maximum at 0.01M% and quenched with further increase in Cu concentration. Enhancement of blue and green light emission by seven and twenty fivefold respectively compared to undoped ZnS was observed in ZnS: Cu with optimal dopant concentration. Time resolved decay of photoluminescence showed faster decay for 390 – 420nm purple/ blue emission compared to green (525nm) Cu related emission which is in the microsecond time scale. Optical absorption measurements indicate enhancement of band gap (3.89eV) for undoped ZnS suggesting the quantum confinement effect in the developed nanoparticles of size below the Bohr diameter. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Au／CdS-核／壳结构纳米复合颗粒的制备与表征

本文制备并表征了Au/CdS几何结构的纳米簇复合物.TEM和尺寸分布图显示,Au颗粒和CdS颗粒的平均粒径分别为6 nm和8 nm,Au/CdS粒径分布较窄且分散性较好,平均粒径19 nm.这种核壳结构纳米复合颗粒和单CdS颗粒一样,在485 nm和543 nm有两处发射峰.从UV-Vis上观察到,CdS的吸收边在470 nm,Au/CdS的吸收谱线上Au的吸收峰消失,吸收边相对于单CdS出现蓝移.     

Enhancement of organic thin-film solar cells by incorporating hybrid Au nanospheres and Au nanorods on a metallic grating surface

Abstract

In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of hybrid plasmonic solar cells using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Two types of AuNPs, gold nanospheres (AuNSs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs), were incorporated in a hole transport layer (HTL) (PEDOT:PSS) on a metallic grating electrode. The organic solar cells (OSCs) structure comprised an indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate/PEDOT:PSS:AuNSs:AuNRs/P3HT:PCBM/Al grating electrode. Adding AuNPs induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), while grating structured Al at the interface with a photoactive layer excited the propagating surface plasmons. Compared with a flat reference device, the proposed OSCs exhibited improved photovoltaic properties by increasing both the short-circuit current density (J_SC) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) with large enhancements of 16.23% and 14.06%, respectively. The efficiency improvement was attributed to increased broadband absorption and improved electrical properties inside the thin-film devices.     

Mechanical, chemical and acoustic properties of new hybrid ceramic-polymer varnishes for musical instruments

Novel ceramic-polymer hybrid varnishes were designed to protect the wood surface of musical instruments. These hybrid coatings consist of chemically functionalized silica nanoparticles and synthetic solvent-based acrylic- and alkyd-polyurethanes. The nanoparticles were added to increase the abrasion resistance. An alkoxide was used to increase the number and reactivity of OH’s groups on the wood surface improving the adhesion with the coating through a chemical link between them. The properties of the synthetic coatings were compared with those of a traditional varnish (based on alcohol and natural resins) to obtain a better performance. Two types of woods were used: maple and spruce. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis, mechanical and abrasion tests, water’s absorption, acoustic properties, chemical resistance and SEM.     

超顺磁Fe3O4纳米粒子的制备及弛豫性能

采用简单的共沉淀法制备聚丙烯酸包覆、良好亲水性的Fe3 O4纳米粒子,研究了不同Fe2+和Fe3+比例对所得纳米粒子的影响.高分辨率透射电镜和X-射线衍射分析证实所得产物为Fe3 O4,红外光谱分析和热重分析表明微粒表面成功包覆聚丙烯酸.纳米粒子的粒径大小和分布用透射电镜分析,平均晶粒大小用X-射线衍射分析.结果表明,Fe2+:Fe3+加入摩尔比1:1.5、1:1.75和1:2所得3个纳米颗粒的透射电镜分析平均粒径分别为7.2 nm、6.7 nm和8.3 nm,X-射线衍射分析平均晶粒大小分别为9.1 nm、8.2 nm和9.1 nm.激光粒度仪分析表明所得样品均含有部分大粒径的颗粒,应是颗粒出现部分团聚.磁性分析证实所得样品具有良好的超顺磁性.弛豫性能分析表明1:1.5样品适合用于T1造影剂,1:1.75和1:2适合用于T2造影剂.该研究可为磁共振造影剂的性能优化提供参考.     

Nonlinear optical studies of lead lanthanum borate glass doped with Au nanoparticles

Synthesis, characterization and optical nonlinearity of lead lanthanum borate glass embedded with gold nanoparticles have been investigated. DSC thermogram shows characteristics glass transition temperature at T_g = 775 K. Glasses doped with Au were subjected to heat treatment at 823 K with different annealing time and then, slowly cooled to room temperature show striking ruby color. SAED and TEM analyses have confirmed that f.c.c. Au nanoparticles of ~ 40 nm size are present in these glasses. An absorption peak centered on 563 nm has been observed in heat treated samples, which is attributed to surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles. Nonlinear optical studies with open aperture Z-Scan technique show saturable absorption for heat treated samples at low intensity and reverse saturable absorption in samples without heat treatment at high intensity.