磁性Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的水热合成

本文分别以FeSO4·7H2O、(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O和NaOH、NH3·H2O为原料,以KClO4与KNO3为氧化剂,采用水热合成法分别合成出Fe3O4六角片状晶体和单晶纳米棒.产物分别用X射线衍射仪(XRD)谱图、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)谱图以及磁滞回线图谱加以表征.结果表明,反应物原料及氧化剂的选择对Fe3O4单晶的制备及其形态的影响至关重要.反应温度控制在110℃,时间为14h.室温下,Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的磁化率(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)均有所区别.     

棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶的生长及其形成机理研究

以MnCl2,NaNO3和H3PO4为原料,在温度为150℃的水热条件下反应12 h制备出了棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜等手段对产物进行表征.结果表明,合成的产物为MnPO4·H2O单晶棒,直径为0.78～1.9 μm,长度达几十微米.讨论了水热条件下反应时间对产物形貌的影响,并对棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶的生长机理进行了分析.     

基于水合碳酸镁结晶过程的化学键分析

基于晶体学结构,将化学键理论定量地应用到水合碳酸镁Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O和MgOgO3·3H2O的结晶行为研究中,以此指导和控制实际晶体的生长行为.根据所选晶面的化学键数目和强度,可以计算出该晶面的垂直生长速率,从而方便地预测出Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O和MMgO3·3H2O晶体的理想形貌.Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O晶体表现出六方片状的结晶习性,MgCO3·3H2O则具有六方柱的理想形貌.在实验中,六方片状的Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2-114心O和MgO3·3H2O六方柱可以通过简单的液相反应获得,证明我们的理论计算与实验结果完全相符.目前研究结果表明,单晶生长可以通过热力学意义上调整组成原子或离子的成键方式获得本质上的改进,这一过程为我们从动力学角度优化实验策略提供了更广阔的空间.     

[Co(dmg)2Cl2]3·[Co(dmg)2Cl(OH)]·[Co(dmg)(phen)]·(H2O)4的合成和晶体结构

本文合成了一个复杂的单核配合物 [Co(H2dmg)2Cl2]3·[Co(H2dmg)2Cl(OH)]·[Co(Hdmg)(phen)]·(H2O)4 (H2dmg＝dimethylglyoxime, phen＝1,10-Phenanthroline).通过X射线衍射技术获得其单晶结构.在单晶结构中,每五个单核钴(II)的配位结构形成一个重复单元,是一个较为复杂的单晶.其空间群为P-1,晶胞参数为a＝1.3738nm;b＝1.4396nm;c＝1.8656nm.本文中我们将讨论该化合物的分子结构及相关光谱性质.     

[Co(H2O)6](C18H15O4SO3)2·4H2O的合成和晶体结构

以芒柄花素为先导化合物,合成了水溶性的[Co(H2O)6](C18H15O4SO3)2·4H2O,并采用IR, 1H NMR, TG-DTA, XRD和单晶X射线衍射法对其结构进行了表征.单晶X射线衍射结果表明:[Co(H2O)6]2+、C18H15O4SO 3和H2O之间存在多种氢键,形成晶体结构中的亲水区.异黄酮骨架间反平行排列,面对面和边对面芳香堆积作用同时存在于其中,构成晶体结构中的疏水区.磺酸根是连接亲水区和疏水区的桥梁.氢键、芳香堆积作用以及阴阳离子之间的静电引力共同将标题化合物组装成具有三维网络结构的超分子.     

基于5-硝基间苯二甲酸配体的六核Co(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、结构及磁性

以5-硝基间苯二甲酸(H2nip)作为主配体、4,4'-二吡啶胺(dpa)为辅助配体,在不同溶剂中合成了2种Co(Ⅱ)配合物{[Co3(μ3-OH)(μ2-OH)(nip)2(dpa) (MeOH) (H2O)]·2H2O}n(1)和{[Co3(μ3-OH)2(nip)2(dpa)(EtOH)(H2 O)]·2H2O}n(2).采用单晶X射线衍射、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析等方法对两种配合物进行了表征.结构分析表明两种配合物均为基于六核钴簇的三维框架结构,但不同的溶剂分子配位导致二者具有不同的拓扑结构,表明溶剂对配合物结构有重要影响.磁学研究显示该两种配合物均为反铁磁行为.     

樟脑酸构筑的铜、钴配合物的合成、晶体结构及电化学性质

分别采用普通溶液法和溶剂热法合成了两个以樟脑酸(D-H2Cam)为主配体的配合物.X射线单晶衍射分析结果表明:配合物[Cu(D-HCam)2(phen)]·2H2O (1)为单核配合物,四方晶系,P41212空间群,中心铜离子处于变形的四边形的配位环境;配合物{[Co(Hcam)2(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)2]·0.4(H2O)2·3.2H2O}n(2)为一维分子链,正交晶系,C2221空间群,有六个原子在钴原子周围形成一个稍变形的八面体配位环境.同时对两个配合物的热稳定性和电化学性质进行了研究.     

链状钴配合物的水热合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

采用水热法合成得到了链状钴配合物[Co(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)4]n· 2nH2L· 4nH2O(H2L-＝2,5-二羟基苯磺酸离子,4,4'-bipy＝4,4'-联吡啶).采用X射线单晶衍射、元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析等对配合物进行了组成和结构表征.单晶衍射研究表明,配合物中钴离子与4,4'-bipy的氮原子配位和水分子的氧原子配位,形成扭曲的八面体配位构型. H2L-配体没有配位,只是平衡结构中的电荷.在结构单元中,[Co(4,4'-bipy)(H2O)4] +,H2L-和H2 O之间通过氢键相连.配合物的荧光发射峰与配体相比发生了红移,最大发射峰在411 nm.     

介孔Co3S4纳米棒的制备及电催化产氧性能的研究

以六水合硝酸钴(Co(NO3)2· 6H2O)为钴源,硫脲(CS(NH2)2)为硫源,采用溶剂热法和低温固相硫化的方法制备出了介孔Co3S4纳米棒.采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段对于介孔Co3S4纳米棒进行表征,同时对介孔Co3S4纳米棒进行了电催化产氧性能测试.结果表明:介孔Co3S4纳米棒的起始过电位为0.37 V,塔菲尔斜率为76.95 mV/dec,具有高的电催化产氧性能.     

具有二级结构的Co3O4纳米材料的控制合成与光催化性能研究

采用水热法成功合成了二级结构的Co3O4纳米材料。借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物进行表征,研究了溶液的pH值、表面活性剂聚乙二醇PEG的用量等反应条件对产物形貌的影响。结果表明,当Co(NO3)2·6H2O为1.8mol/L,pH值为8、PEG用量为10g时,可以获得完美二级结构--柿饼状的Co3O4纳米材料,其光学带隙为1.49eV,该结构的Co3O4纳米材料对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能优异。     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。