添加LCB玻璃的CSLST微波介质陶瓷低温烧结及其性能研究

采用传统电子陶瓷工艺制备了添加Li2CO3-CuO-B2O3(LCB)玻璃为烧结助剂的(Ca0.9375 Sr0.0625)0.3(Li0.5Sm0.5)0.7TiO3 (CSLST)微波介质陶瓷,并对其烧结特性、晶相组成和介电性能进行了系统的研究.结果表明:通过液相烧结,LCB玻璃能有效降低CSLST烧结温度至900℃.XRD分析结果显示添加LCB玻璃后材料中均产生了杂相.性能分析结果发现随着LCB添加量的增大,陶瓷的体积密度、介电常数εr、品质因数与谐振频率乘积Q×f呈现先上升后下降的趋势,频率温度系数Tf则单调降低.添加质量分数为12.5;的LCB玻璃的CSLST陶瓷在900℃下保温5h可以完全烧结,并具有最佳的微波介电性能:εr=77.7,Q×f=1845 GHz,Tf=21.35 × 10-6/℃.     

BBZS掺杂对BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2系微波介质陶瓷性能的影响

利用固相法制备BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2系微波介质陶瓷.通过复合添加氧化物ZnO、CuO和玻璃料Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO-SiO2(BBZS),系统的烧结温度降至900℃.研究了玻璃料的添加量对介电性能的影响.按BaSm2Ti4O12+1wt;ZnO+1wt;CuO+xwt;BBZS(0相似文献   

B2O3-CuO-Li2CO3对CSLST陶瓷微波介电性能影响的研究

研究了添加5;B2O3-CuO基础上再添加不同含量的Li2CO3 复合烧结助剂对(Ca0.9375Sr0.0625)0.3(Li0.5Sm0.5)0.7TiO3 (CSLST)陶瓷的烧结行为及微波介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:添加复合烧结助剂的陶瓷烧结后其晶相仍呈斜方钙钛矿结构.在不劣化微波介电性能的条件下,陶瓷的烧结温度可降至950 ℃,随Li2CO3含量的增加,添加复合烧结助剂的CSLST陶瓷的体积密度和介电常数εr 逐渐降低.当Li2CO3添加量为0.5 ;时,在950 ℃保温5 h,所制得的陶瓷具有优良的微波介电性能:εr=84.7,Qf=1929 GHz,τf=28.76×10-6 /℃.     

ZnO-B2O3玻璃对0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1)TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响

采用传统的固相烧结工艺制备0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1) TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷.研究了ZnO-B2O3玻璃掺杂对0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1)TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷烧结特性、晶相成分、微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.适量的ZnO-B2O3玻璃掺杂能有效地降低烧结温度,促进致密化,从而提高微波介电性能.随着烧结温度的升高,密度、介电常数εr和Q×f值均达到最大值之后再逐渐减小.当ZnO-B2O3玻璃添加量为5wt;时,0.95(Mg0.9Zn0.1) TiO3-0.05CaTiO3陶瓷在1075℃烧结3h,获得最佳微波介电性能:εr=19.5,Q×f=62100 GHz,τf=-13 ppm/℃.     

ZnO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃对硅酸锌陶瓷结构与微波介电性能的影响

研究了不同添加量的ZnO-B2 O3 -SiO2 (ZBS)玻璃作为烧结助剂对硅酸锌陶瓷的结构及微波介电性能的影响.研究结果表明:添加ZnO-B2 O3-SiO2玻璃的陶瓷烧结后其主晶相仍呈硅锌矿结构,并且硅酸锌陶瓷的烧结温度从1300℃降低到900℃.随着玻璃添加量的增加,陶瓷的介电常数(εr)和品质因数(Qf)呈逐渐降低的趋势,当玻璃添加量为20 wt;时,900℃保温2h所制备的陶瓷具有较优良的微波介电性能:εr=6.85,Qf =31690 GHz,τf=- 28×10-6/℃,在低温共烧陶瓷领域有着潜在的应用价值.     

Al2O3掺杂对Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375TiO3微波介电性能的影响

采用固相烧结法制备了掺杂Al2O3的Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375Ti O3微波介质陶瓷。研究了Al2O3掺杂对Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375Ti O3的助烧效果、物相结构、显微组织和微波介电性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al2O3的添加降低了Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375Ti O3陶瓷的烧成温度,但对物相基本无影响。此外,高含量Al2O3的添加能促进晶粒细化。此体系陶瓷的最佳介电性能为:Al2O3含量为0.9wt%且烧成温度为1250℃时,εr=110.8、Q·f=4159.6 GHzτf=49.4 ppm/℃。     

Al2O3改性Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3复合陶瓷制备与性能研究

采用草酸盐共沉淀法成功合成了Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN)纳米粉体,并采用sol-gel法获得Al2O3改性的BFN复合粉体,于1150℃两步烧结3h获得复合陶瓷,研究了Al2O3添加对BFN陶瓷微观形貌和介电性能的影响.结果表明:BFN · xAl2O3(x=4wt;,6wt;,8wt;)复合粉体颗粒分布均匀,粒径约为50 nm.Al2O3的加入可明显降低陶瓷的烧结温度.Al2 O3添加量为4wt;的复合陶瓷有高的介电常数,较小的介电损耗和良好的温度稳定性.BFN·xAl2O3复合陶瓷中存在的介电弛豫行为符合Arrhenius定律,是一个热激活过程,随着x的增加,复合陶瓷的激活能逐渐增大,这与无定形Al2O3增加了陶瓷的弛豫势垒,使界面极化减弱相关.     

Sr2+置换改性Ca0.25(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.75TiO3陶瓷的微波介电性能研究

采用固相法制备了(Ca1-xSrx)0.25(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.75TiO3(CSLST-x)( x= 0～1/10)系列微波介质陶瓷材料,研究不同含量的Sr2+含量对该体系的相组成、烧结性能和微波介电性能影响.在x=1/22～1/10范围内,Sr2+的掺杂不会改变晶体的结构;在1175～1200 ℃烧结时,相同烧结温度下随着Sr2+含量的增加,介电常数εr增大,无载品质因数与谐振频率乘积Qf值降低;置换离子Sr2+的添加使该体系的烧结温度降低了近200 ℃,并保持良好的微波介电性能.其中,x=1/16的CSLST陶瓷在1200 ℃烧结,保温5 h时具有较好的微波介电性能:εr=97.2,Qf=2490 GHz,τf =14.74 ppm/℃.     

Li2CO3掺杂对0.94Mg2SiO4-0.06Ca0.9Sr0.1TiO3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法,研究了Li2CO3掺杂对0.94Mg2SiO4-0.06Ca0.9Sr01TiO3微波介质陶瓷的烧结性能和介电性能的影响.结果表明,烧结助剂Li2 CO3的引入未改变陶瓷的相组成.添加适量的Li2CO3可以促进烧结,烧结温度由1440℃降低到1355℃,而且介电性能也得到了优化,Q ×f值有明显的提高;过量Li2CO3的引入,降低了材料的致密性,增加了陶瓷的介电损耗.在1355℃烧结,保温3h,添加0.50wt; Li2 CO3的0.94Mg2SiO4-0.06Ca09Sr0.1TiO3陶瓷获得最佳的介电性能:εr=7.96,Q×f=96409 GHz(f=14.571 GHz),τf=+4.62 ppm/℃.     

Al2O3掺杂对微波介质陶瓷Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法在1300℃烧结4h得到了致密的具有钙钛矿结构的Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3微波介质陶瓷.通过X射线衍射仪、扫瞄电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪系统的研究了不同含量Al2O3掺杂对Ca0.16Sr0.04Li0.4Nd0.4TiO3(CSLNT)陶瓷的烧结行为、晶体结构、显微形貌以及微波介电性能的影响.结果表明,对于CSLNT+ xwt;Al2O3陶瓷,随着Al2O3掺杂量的增加,介电常数(εr)有轻微的降低,而温度系数(τf)有所增加;由于第二相的出现导致了品质因子(Q·f)先增后减.当Al2O3掺杂量为2wt;时,其介电性能最佳的致密化烧结温度为1200℃,此时具有最佳的微波介电性能:εr=112.6,Q·f=1698 GHz和τf=31.9 ppm/℃.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...