基于二维声子晶体多通道线缺陷结构的定向声激发（英文）

提出一种基于声子晶体线缺陷波导的多通道结构来实现声波定向激发。一束入射声波在该结构中传播时被分割成多束分支,这些分支声束到达输出端时具有相等的相位,进而在输出端产生具有高度准直形态的辐射场分布。该辐射场分布的半高宽具有反比于结构中通道数的特点。数值模拟结果与实验结果同时验证了这种结构的声定向效应。相对于大多数已有的声波定向方案,这种结构具有简单从而易于制备的优点。     

声学超表面的非对称声分束特性研究

非对称声分束超表面是由人工微单元结构按照特定序列构建的二维平面结构,可将垂直入射的声波分成两束传播方向和分束比自由调控的透射波,在声功能器件设计及声通信领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文系统研究了一种实现非对称声分束的设计理论和实现方法,基于局域声功率守恒条件研究了声分束器的设计理论、阻抗矩阵分布、法向声强分布、声压场分布等。利用遗传算法对四串联共振腔结构进行参数优化实现了声分束器所需的阻抗矩阵分布,声压场分布表明声波入射到声分束器后在入射侧激发出两列传播方向相反且幅值和衰减系数均相同的表面波,实现了入射侧与透射侧的局域声功率相互匹配。声波经过声分束器后被分为两束透射波,两束透射波的折射角和透射系数与理论值十分吻合,证明了设计理论及实现方法的正确性和可行性。本文的研究工作可以为新型非对称声分束结构设计提供理论参考、设计方法和技术支持,并促进其在工程领域的实际应用。     

音叉型声子晶体能带结构研究

利用超元胞法研究音叉型散射体构成的声子晶体的声波带结构,分析音叉型散射体的几何参数(板的厚度,圆柱体的半径和高)对能带结构的影响.研究结果表明:这种新型的声子晶体比传统声子晶体具有更优的带隙,而且带隙的调节机制更为简单,结果还表明超元胞法是研究这一类声子晶体能带结构的一种有效方法.     

基于微机械加工工艺的声子晶体器件

声子晶体是一种周期复合人工超材料.声子晶体具有独有的声学特性-声学禁带,使其在声波控制和传输领域具有极强的应用潜力.利用微机械加工工艺制备的硅基声子晶体器件,可在微机电系统中实现高频弹性波的定向传输和控制,以及对弹性波能量的局域放大.设计了两种基于MEMS工艺的器件,分别用于实现功分器和谐振器的功能.内容覆盖了硅基声子晶体器件的背景、原理、设计、制造和表征等方面.     

二维声子晶体线缺陷聚声效应研究

基于数值方法研究了含线缺陷的二维声子晶体的聚声效应.利用结合超元胞技术的平面波展开法及有限元方法,分别对线缺陷二维声子晶体的能带结构及其内部声场分布规律进行了计算分析;以线缺陷轴线上声压梯度放大倍数表征聚声效果,分析了声子晶体结构参数对该放大倍数的影响规律.结果表明,填充率大、结构规模适当的二维线缺陷声子晶体具有更好的聚声效果;线缺陷的理想位置应在声子晶体的几何轴线上.此结果可为高效声能量回收器件的设计提供理论支持.     

基于有限元法与超胞法的结构声表面波缺陷态分析

简要介绍了有限元法与超胞法相结合计算结构声表面波缺陷能带结构的方法,理论上分析了缺陷型表面声子晶体的声限制和声波导.表面声子晶体由刻有周期性凹槽的刚性板构成,通过改变晶体中某一格点或某一排格点的几何参数可以构建点缺陷和线缺陷.利用有限元法与超胞法能够十分方便地计算出表面声子晶体的点缺陷和线缺陷对应的缺陷带结构以及特定频率声波局域在点缺陷与线缺陷的本征压力场.通过分析缺陷能带结构与本征压力场,可以直观地了解缺陷型表面声子晶体中的声限制和声波导.     

基于二维声子晶体的选频选向加权声波导

本文提出一种基于二维压电声子晶体的声表面波选频选向加权声波导,即在垂直的两个方向上具有不同的晶格常数.为分析其特性,以空气孔/128.YX铌酸锂声子晶体为例,采用有限元方法并结合纵向深度上位移场的分布特点提取出表面波模态,同时采用P矩阵模型和三维有限元方法分析了ΓX和ΓY方向上的传输系数,进一步提取出位移场的传播分布.结果具有很好一致性,同时显示不同晶格加权结构,在特定频段上实现一个方向带通而另一个方向带阻,即具有选频选向的声波导特性,证实了提出的选频选向加权声波导的可行性.     

一维固-液声子晶体表面消逝波传播模式

为了研究一维固-液声子晶体,应用Bloch定理和边界条件解析推导出一维固-液声子晶体的表面消逝波传播模式存在条件的方程.在一定条件下,一维固-液声子晶体存在表面模式.对表面模式,声波位移场集中在半无限一维固-液声子晶体的表面,在背景材料和声子晶体内部声波衰减.在所有层中,一维固-液声子晶体的表面模式均具有消逝波性质的位移场.随后的数值研究证明了分析结果.     

两类一维流固声子晶体全向透射特性比较研究

研究了声纵波全向入射到两类一维流固声子晶体(第Ⅰ类满足固体横波传播速度cst大于流体纵波传播速度c1以及第Ⅱ类cst＜cl)的透射特性.推导了其传递矩阵,并应用有限元方法进行验证,二者显示结果一致性.研究表明两类声子晶体呈现的不同声透射特征:第Ⅰ类声子晶体中,高频声波在斜入射角大于第二全反射临界角条件下发生全反射现象,而低频声波却呈现全反射贯穿效应;第Ⅱ类声子晶体中,在整个频段范围内均会出现周期性的透射导带.两类声子晶体均出现了低频声裂隙现象,第Ⅱ类声子晶体低频声裂隙角范围明显大于第Ⅰ类.     

基于声子晶体环形腔的可调声波分插滤波器

设计了两个声子晶体线缺陷波导,通过环形谐振腔耦合,构造出声波分插滤波器,可以上传、下载高品质的声波导模.文中采用有限元方法分析声波在平台中的传播,结果表明,采用方柱体为散射体,谐振腔内腔平滑,可以增强谐振腔局域性;适当旋转耦合方柱体,可以增大透射率,当转角30°时透射率最大;利用环形腔体的旋转可以实现对谐振频率的精细调节.这些研究对声波器件的集成设计具有潜在应用.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

4- and 5-nitroindane

Mononitration of indane produces a mixture of 4- and 5- nitroindanes. Crystallization from mixtures occurs after distillation improves composition of a major component to above 80%. 4-Nitroindane: triclinic, space group (#2),a=7.332(4) Å,b=8.304(4) Å,c=8.358(4) Å, =61.43(4)°, =67.60(4)°, =70.15(4)°,V=405.4(4) ų,Z=2. Non-H-atoms are nearly planar, aliphatic H's are eclipsed. 5-Nitroindane: monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c (#14),a=10.946(8) Å,b=15.643(10) Å,c=9.415(6) Å, =92.34(5)°,V=1611(2) ų,Z=8. Non-H-atoms in the two molecules differ in torsion of the nitro group with respect to indane and fold of the nonbenzylic methylene group. Semiempirical calculations (PM3) suggest that distorsion from planarity may be associated with the two lowest energy vibrational modes. Uv, ir, ms, proton, and¹³C-nmr spectra are correlated with the solid state structures.     

6<Emphasis Type="Italic">S</Emphasis>,8α-Dihydroxy-14,15-Dihydrocarapin (Khayanone) from the Stem Bark of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Khaya Senegalensis</Emphasis> (Meliaceae): Isolation and its Crystal Structure

Khayanone was isolated from the stem bark of African mahogany, Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), and characterized as 6S,8α-dihydroxy-14,15-dihydrocarapin on the basis of spectral analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4 ₁ 2 ₁ 2 with unit cell parameters: a = 13.2315(19) Å, c = 29.118(6) Å, Z = 8. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0375 for 4552 unique reflections. The six-membered rings A and B exist in boat conformations, rings C and D in chair conformations, and the furan ring is planar. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H···O and C-H···O interactions. This is the first report about 6S configuration of mexicanolide revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The configuration of oxygenated C-6 in mexicanolide-group limonoids is discussed.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance: a powerful tool to study liquid crystals

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopic technique widely used to investigate materials and soft matter in particular. In this brief review, the main uses of NMR techniques to investigate different aspects of liquid crystals, such as the orientational and dynamic properties, the supramolecular structure and average molecular conformations, are described. In the second part of the paper, the case study of a ‘de Vries’ liquid crystal is reported and the main results obtained by combining different NMR techniques are discussed.     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)