Sr和Nb复合掺杂Bi4Ti3O12基高温压电陶瓷的研究

采用传统固相法制备了Bi4Ti3O12 +0-91wt;Nb2O5+xwt; SrCO3(BTNO-Sr,0.00≤x≤1.50)层状压电陶瓷,研究了Sr掺杂对BTNO系陶瓷微观结构与电性能的影响.结果表明所有样品均为单一的铋层状结构相陶瓷.适量引入Sr能使BTNO系陶瓷的晶粒尺寸细化与均一,表现出介电弥散性,并改善其压电、机电和铁电性能.当x=0.50时,样品性能最佳:相对密度p=98.8;,压电常数d33=22 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=9.5;,机械品质因子Qm =4462,剩余极化强度Pr=13.01μC/cm2,居里温度Tc=620℃.此外,介电性能和热稳定性能研究显示材料x=0.50具有好的压电稳定性,适合于制备高温高频压电器件.     

(1-x)Bi4Ti3O12-xSrBi2Nb2O9铋层状铁电陶瓷结构与性能研究

采用传统固相法制备了(1-x)Bi4Ti3 O12-xSrBi2 Nb2 O9(BIT-SBN,x=0,0.025,0.050,0.100,0.150,0.200)铋层状无铅压电陶瓷.系统研究了SrBi2 Nb2 O9掺杂对Bi4Ti3 O12基陶瓷物相结构、微观结构以及jie电性能的影响.结果表明:所有陶瓷样品均为单一的铋层状结构;当SBN掺量为0.100时,样品具有最佳的电性能:d33=21 pC/N,相对密度ρ =98.1;,机电耦合系数kp=8.26;,εr=220,介电损耗tanδ =0.29;,剩余极化强度Pr=9.128 μC/cm2,Tc=594℃.同时,SBN的引入增强了样品的抗老化性和热稳定性.     

Ce掺杂对0.9Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9-0.1LiNbO3高温无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

本文采用固相法制备了Ce掺杂的0.9Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9-0.1LiNbO3(NBN-LN+ xwt; CeO2)层状高温无铅压电陶瓷;系统地研究了CeO2掺杂对NBN-LN陶瓷的物相、显微结构及电性能的影响;获得的样品均为居里点高于780℃的单一铋层状结构相陶瓷;当CeO2掺杂量x=0.75时,样品具有最佳电性能:d33=28 pC/N,kp=12.11;,tan δ=0.10;,Pr=9.50 μC/cm2;且该组分陶瓷样品在700℃经退极化处理后,其d33仍保持在22 pC/N以上,表明该材料在高温领域下具有良好的应用前景.     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaMnO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能

采用固相法制备了(0.8 -x)Na0.5 Bi0.5TiO3 -0.2K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaMnO3(简称NBT-KBT-BM)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BM含量(x=0,0.25％,0.50％,0.75％,1.00％,1.25％,物质的量分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所制备的NBT-KBT-BM陶瓷样品均为单一的钙钛矿结构.与纯NBT-KBT陶瓷相比,掺BM陶瓷的烧结温度降低,相对密度ρr得到提高.随x的增加,材料的压电常数d33、平面机电耦合系数kp与机械品质因子Qm先增大后减小,而介电损耗tanδ以及退极化温度Td一直降低.BM的掺入降低了材料的矫顽场Ec,提高了剩余极化强度Pr,从而增强了铁电性.当x=0.75％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=167 pC/N,kp=0.269,Qm=133,εr=774,tanδ=2.93％.     

Ba1-x(Na0.5Bi0.5)xZr0.1Ti0.9O3陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用固相法制备Ba1-x(Na0.5Bi0.5)xZr01Ti0.O3(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)陶瓷,并研究Bi、Na共同掺杂对BaZr01Ti0.9O3陶瓷结构、相组成、介电和铁电性能的影响.研究表明,Bi、Na共掺杂可以降低BaZr01Ti0.9O3陶瓷的烧结温度,并且在现有的掺杂水平下,所得陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构.陶瓷的相对介电常数在x=0.05时,由未掺杂的800增至最大值1700左右.陶瓷的介电损耗随Bi、Na掺杂量的增加,呈增加趋势.铁电性研究表明,随Bi、Na掺杂量的增加,存在漏电流增大的趋势,使得铁电性恶化,当含量超过0.1后呈现非铁电性.由以上可知,掺杂少量的Bi、Na,可以在一定程度上提高BaZr0.1Ti0.9O3陶瓷的介电性.     

Sb掺杂对0.96(K0.49Na0.51)(Nb0.97-xTa0.03Sbx)O3-0.04Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5ZrO3无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能的影响研究

采用固相法制备了0.96(K0.49 Na0.51)(Nb0.97-xTa0.03Sbx) O3-0.04Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5ZrO3(0.96KNNTSx-0.04BNKZ,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Sb掺杂量对0.96KNNTSx-0.04BNKZ陶瓷相结构、微观结构和电性能的影响规律.X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)分析结果表明:0.96KNNTSx-0.04BNKZ陶瓷具有纯钙钛矿结构,随着Sb掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷由正交-四方两相共存逐渐转变为四方相,在x≤0.01时,陶瓷为正交-四方两相共存的多型相转变(Polymorphic Phase Transition,PPT)结构,而当x≥0.02时,陶瓷则转变为四方相结构.在PPT向四方相转变的组成边界x=0.02处,陶瓷具有优异的电性能:压电常数d33=345 pC/N,机电耦合系数kp=39.2;,机械品质因数Qm=51,介电常数ε33T/ε0=1520,介电损耗tanδ =2.7;,剩余极化强度Pr=15.4 μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec =1.09kV/mm,居里温度Tc=275℃.     

Na/Bi配比对0.94(Bi0.5+xNa0.5-x)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3压电陶瓷组织结构与性能的影响

采用传统固相烧结方法制备出0.94(Ri0.5+xNa0.5-x)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3(BNBT6)二元系无铅压电陶瓷(x分别为0,0.08;,0.12;,0.16;,0.24;和0.50;摩尔分数),系统地研究了不同Na/Bi配比对BNT基陶瓷材料物相结构、显微组织和压电、介电性能的影响.结果表明:添加不同的Na/Bi,所制备的BNBT6压电陶瓷组织分布均匀、致密度高,存在三方-四方共存的准同型相界结构,且不同的Na/Bi配比不影响陶瓷的相结构,但其烧结性能及电性能与Na/Bi配比密切相关,当x=0.16;时,BNBT6陶瓷样品的性能最佳,相对密度达到97;,在1 kHz的测试频率下,BNBT6陶瓷样品的压电常数d33为138 PC/N、介电常数εr为1486、介电损耗tanδ为2.1;、机械品质因数Qm为217.     

(1-x)(K0.49Na0.51)(Nb0.97Ta0.03)O3-xBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(K0.49Na0.51)(Nb0.97 Ta0.03) O3-xBi0.5 Na0.5 ZrO3(KNNT-BNZ,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Bi0.5 Na0.5ZrO3 (BNZ)的掺杂量对KNNT-BNZ陶瓷相结构、微观结构和电性能的影响.结果表明:KNNT-BNZ陶瓷具有纯的钙钛矿结构,随着BNZ掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷从正交相转变为四方相,并在0.03≤x≤0.04出现正交-四方两相共存的多型相转变区域.在该多型相转变区域靠近四方相的边界x =0.04处,陶瓷具有优异的电性能:压电常数d33 =317 pC/N,机电耦合系数kP=36.4;,机械品质因数Qm=68,介电常数ε3T/ε0=1225,介电损耗tanδ =3.1;,剩余极化强度Pr=20.5 μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec=1.16 kV/mm,居里温度Tc=310℃.     

NKLNx-KBT-BZ无铅压电陶瓷的电性能研究

采用传统固相烧结法制备0.92(Na0.51K0.49-xLix)NbO3-0.02K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.06BaZrO3(简写为NKLNx-KBT-BZ,x=0.00～0.05)系无铅压电陶瓷.用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、精密阻抗分析仪及铁电性能测试仪等研究了Li+含量对该体系陶瓷的晶相、显微结构和电性能的影响.结果表明:在研究组成范围内,陶瓷均具有单一的钙钛矿结构,随着Li+含量的增加,晶体结构从菱方转变为四方结构,并且经过菱方-四方两相共存的准同型相界(MPB)组成区域0.01 ＜x ＜0.03.在MPB区域的四方相边界x=0.03处获得优异的电性能:d33=227 pC/N,kp=39.3;,Qm=69,εT33/ε0=1642,tanδ =2;,Pr=13.3μC/cm2,Ec=1.64 kV/mm.     

MnCO3掺杂对Ba4Sm9.33Ti18O54微波介质陶瓷性能的影响

采用固相反应法,研究了MnCO3掺杂对Ba4 Sm9.33Ti18O54(简称BST)微波介质陶瓷结构与性能的影响.结果表明:适量掺杂MnCO3,不仅可有效的降低BST陶瓷的烧结温度至1240℃,而且能通过Mn3++ Ti3+→Mn2+ Ti4+反应,抑制Ti4被还原及第二相Sm2Ti2O7出现,改善其介电性能.当MnCO3添加量为0.10wt;,在1240℃温度烧结3h时,BST陶瓷获得最佳的介电性能:εr=83.64,Q·f=10007 GHz,1=0.3×10-6/℃.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。