红外LED用掺硅HB-GaAs单晶纵向载流子浓度分布研究

GaAs单晶作为一种重要的LED衬底材料在光电器件中应用十分广泛,但载流子浓度(C.C.)分布不均、杂质浓度过高等缺陷会严重影响相关器件的性能.为制备纵向载流子浓度分布均匀的掺硅HB-GaAs单晶,本文探讨了单晶生长过程中熔区长度对纵向载流子浓度分布的影响.以高纯GaAs多晶为原料,设定不同的拉晶温度曲线,采用窄熔区技术进行晶体生长研究,最终生长出C.C.值分布更均匀、位错密度低(EPD≤10 000 cm-2)的<111>向N型掺硅GaAs单晶.利用辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)和范德堡法霍尔效应测试对晶体进行了表征,单晶纯度达到5N且无硼杂质沾污.     

红外LED用GaAs单晶的垂直梯度凝固制备研究

GaAs单晶是当前光电子器件的主要衬底材料之一，在红外LED中有着重要应用。但杂质浓度高、迁移率低等缺点会严重影响红外LED器件性能。为生产出低杂质浓度、高迁移率、载流子分布均匀、高利用率的红外LED用掺硅垂直梯度凝固(VGF)法GaAs单晶，本文研究了热场分布、合成舟和炉膛材质、工艺参数对单晶的成晶质量、杂质浓度、迁移率、载流子分布的影响。利用CGSim软件对单晶生长热场系统进行数值模拟研究，温区一至温区六长度比例为8∶12∶9∶5∶5∶7时，恒温区达到最长，位错密度达到1 000 cm^-2以下，成晶率达到85%。采用打毛石英合成舟进行GaAs合成，用莫来石炉膛替代石英炉膛，可以获得迁移率整体高于3 000 cm²/(V·s)的GaAs单晶，满足红外LED使用要求。对单晶生长工艺参数展开研究，采用提高头部生长速度、降低尾部生长速度的方式提高单晶轴向载流子浓度均匀性，头尾部载流子浓度差降低33%,尾部迁移率从2 900 cm²/(V·s)提高到3 560 cm²/(V·s)。单晶有效利用长度提高33...     

直流电弧等离子体喷射CVD硼掺杂金刚石薄膜的制备及电化学性能研究

采用直流电弧等离子体喷射CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法在硅(100)衬底上制备了(111)占优的掺硼金刚石(BDD)薄膜,研究了压强对薄膜生长的影响,在压强为5500Pa时得到了(100)占优的金刚石薄膜,并用SEM、XRD及拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的表面形貌、晶体结构、薄膜品质.测试结果表明,掺硼金刚石膜具有较好的成膜质量.霍尔测试表明BDD的电阻率为0.0095Ω·cm,载流子浓度为1.1×1020 cm-3;研究了BDD薄膜电极在硫酸钠空白底液、铁氰化钾/亚铁氰化钾溶液和多巴胺溶液中的循环伏安曲线(CVs),发现该金刚石薄膜电极在硫酸钠中具有较宽的电化学窗口(约为4V)、接近零的背景电流和良好的可逆性,利用BDD电极检测多巴胺溶液,具有明显的氧化还原峰值和较好的稳定性.结果表明利用该方法制备的BDD电极在电化学检测方面具有明显的优势.     

利用Al/AlAs中间层调控GaAs在Si(111)上外延生长的研究

为了实现Ⅲ-V器件在硅基平台上单片集成,近年来Ⅲ-V半导体在硅衬底上的异质外延得到了广泛研究。由于Ⅲ-V半导体与Si之间大的晶格失配以及晶格结构不同,在Si上生长的Ⅲ-V半导体中存在较多的失配位错及反相畴,对器件性能造成严重影响。而Si(111)表面的双原子台阶可以避免Ⅲ-V异质外延过程中形成反相畴。本文利用分子束外延技术通过Al/AlAs作为中间层首次在Si(111)衬底上外延生长了GaAs(111)薄膜。通过一系列对比实验验证了Al/AlAs中间层的插入对GaAs薄膜质量的调控作用,并在此基础上通过低温-高温两步法优化了GaAs的生长条件。结果表明Al/AlAs插层可以为GaAs外延生长提供模板,并在一定程度上释放GaAs与Si之间的失配应力,从而使GaAs薄膜的晶体质量得到提高。以上工作为Ⅲ-V半导体在硅上的生长提供了新思路。     

半导体纳米结构的可控生长

应用MBE技术和SK生长模式,通过对研究材料体系的应力分布设计,生长动力学研究和生长工艺优化,实现了In(Ga)As/GaAs,InAlAs/AlGaAs/GaAs和InAs/InAl(Ga)As/InP无缺陷量子点(线)的尺寸、形状、密度和分布有序性的可控生长,这对进一步的器件应用特别重要.讨论了半导体纳米结构的空间有序性分布物理起因和退火的机制.     

LED用硅掺杂GaAs晶体的生长与表征

采用坩埚下降法生长了LED用硅掺杂<511>取向的GaAs晶体.选用带籽最槽的PBN坩埚作为生长容器,密封在石英安瓶中以防止生长过程中As蒸汽挥发.研究了掺杂工艺、固液界面形貌和生长缺陷.结果表明:孪晶化是硅掺杂GaAs晶体生长的主要问题.探讨了孪晶形成机理,优化了生长工艺,成功获得了直径2英寸高质量的硅掺杂GaAs晶体,双摇摆曲线显示所得晶体的FWHM为40 arcsec.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备CaCu3Ti4O12薄膜及其电学特性研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法在硅基底上制备不同烧结温度(700℃、800℃、900℃)下的CaCu3 Ti4O12 (CCTO)薄膜.分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对薄膜的形貌、组分和结晶状况进行表征,发现在800℃烧结温度下CCTO薄膜的结晶状况最佳.然后,采用半导体特性分析仪测试薄膜的电容-电压(C-V)特性和电流-电压(I-V)特性,得到薄膜的最大比电容和阈值电压分别为3.2.F/cm2和47 V.最后,使用台阶仪对两种浓度的先驱溶液在不同转速下所制备的薄膜厚度进行了研究.     

铈系列双掺LiNbO3晶体光折变效应的研究

在Ce:LiNbO3中掺进Mn2O3、Eu2O3和Fe2O3生长Ce:LiNbO3,Ce:Mn:LiNbO3,Ce:Eu:LiNbO3和Ce:Fe:LiNbO3晶体,并对晶体进行了氧化还原处理.以二波耦合光路测试晶体的指数增益系数.推导有效载流子浓度的计算式,并且测算了有效载流子浓度的数值.指数增益系数和有效载流子浓度是衡量晶体光折变性能的重要参数.铈系列双掺LiNbO3晶体具有优良的光折变性能.     

GaAs晶体坩埚下降法生长及掺杂效应

作为第二代半导体材料,GaAs晶体自60年前被发现以来已广泛应用于激光、通讯和显示等领域,并发展出液封提拉法、水平布里奇曼法、垂直梯度凝固法等多种生长工艺.本文总结了GaAs晶体的最新研究进展,探讨了各种生长方法的特点及其应用,重点报道了GaAs晶体坩埚下降法生长的研究成果.坩埚下降法具有一炉多产、易操作、低成本等优点,已成为GaAs晶体产业化的重要途径.掺杂不仅能调节GaAs晶体的性能,还会对晶体生长产生重要影响.本文还给出了Bi、Si、Zn等掺杂GaAs晶体生长结果,探讨了它们的性能、缺陷以及在不同领域里的应用.     

n型Ge基Ba_8Ga_(16-x)Zn_xGe_(30) I-型笼合物的制备及电传输特性

用熔融法结合放电等离子体烧结技术,采用Zn掺杂制备了具有半导体传导特性的n型Ba_8Ga_(16-x)Zn_xGe_(30) I-型笼合物,研究了Zn部分置换Ga对化合物电传输特性的影响.研究表明所制备的化合物为单相的具有空间群Pm3-n的I-型笼合物.Zn掺杂前对应化合物表现为金属传导特性,Zn掺杂后对应化合物表现为典型的杂质半导体传导特性.室温下,随Zn掺杂量的增加,化合物的载流子浓度和载流子有效质量逐渐降低;Zn掺杂对室温载流子迁移率无明显影响.在300～900 K温度范围内,随Zn掺杂量的增加对应化合物的电导率逐渐降低,Seebeck系数逐渐增加.Zn掺杂后对应化合物的功率因子与掺杂前相比有所降低,且达到最大值的温度都向低温方向偏移.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.     

Molecular structure and crystal packing of uncomplexed 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C22H18N4O2

The X-ray crystal structure of 1,6-bis(N-cyano-p-methoxy-anilino)-2,4-hexadiyne, C₂₂H₁₈N₄O₂, is determined. The crystal packing is dominated by phenyl stacking interactions. Weak C–H···N hydrogen bonds help align the molecules. C–H··· hydrogen bonding is not apparent.     

Structural and electrical properties of vapour phase grown Cd1 − xFexTe single crystals

Cd_1 − xFe_xTe single crystals were prepared by vapour phase growth method in the composition range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03. Chemical analysis, surface morphology, structural investigations and electrical properties were carried out by EDAX, SEM, XRD, TEM and transport technique, respectively. Microscopic variations between the target and actual compositions were noticed. Morphology studies revealed that dislocation aided growth is active in the present crystals. TEM and XRD studies confirmed that the samples of all compositions crystallized in zinc blende structure, and the lattice parameters varied almost linearly decreases with Fe content. At room temperature, the resistivity of the Cd_1 − xFe_xTe crystals of all compositions (x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.03) lies in the range of 3.5-6.5 M Ω, the activation energies lie in the range of 63-133 meV, and the samples were show the ‘p’ type conductivity.     

空位浓度对纤锌矿CdS电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文基于密度泛函理论的平面波超软赝势方法,采用第一性原理研究了含Cd空位缺陷CdS和含S空位缺陷纤锌矿CdS的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度及光学性质。通过计算分析可知,含Cd空位缺陷的CdS体系均为p型半导体,含S空位缺陷的CdS体系跃迁方式均由直接跃迁变为间接跃迁。Cd、S空位缺陷的CdS体系的态密度总能量降低。空位CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系的静介电常数均有提高,并随着空位浓度的增大而增大,Cd空位缺陷体系更为明显,极化能力得到显著提升。空位Cd的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在红外波段存在明显的吸收,空位S的CdS体系相较于本征CdS体系在可见光波段存在明显的吸收。