熔盐法制备亚微米Co3O4超级电容器电极材料

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,在280 ℃下,采用简单的熔盐法合成了亚微米Co3O4.运用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微境(SEM)对产物的相结构和形貌进行了分析.通过循环伏安法和恒电流充放电法测试了亚微米Co3O4电化学性能.电化学测试结果表明:在6 mol/L KOH溶液中,保温时间为3h时,Co3O4亚微米颗粒的比电容最高,在0.4 A/g充放电电流密度下放电比电容为187 F/g,并且在1 A/g电流密度下循环1000次后比电容保持首次电容的51.4;.     

Co3O4/C纳米纤维锂离子电池负极材料性能研究

采用优化的静电纺丝方法结合控制热解法制备出一维Co3O4/C纳米纤维,前驱纳米纤维均匀光滑,其纤维直径大约为200 nm左右,经退火处理后Co3O4颗粒镶嵌于碳纤维中.通过X射线衍射(XRD)表征,发现该Co3 O4结晶完整且无杂质.室温下用蓝电电池测试系统(CT2001A)测试其倍率性能和循环性能,首次放电比容量高达1314.5 mAh·g-1.分别以0.1 C、0.5 C、1 C、2 C、5 C、10 C、15 C和0.1 C的倍率进行充放电测试,其对应比容量分别为633 mAh·g-1、535 mAh·g-1、398 mAh·g-1、252 mAh·g-1、157 mAh·g-1、86 mAh·g-1、49 mAh·g-1和643 mAh·g-1,表现出良好的倍率性能.在倍率为0.5 C下测试其循环性能,50次循环后充电比容量为494 mAh·g-1,容量保持率为88.2;;200次循环后比容量仍能达到300 mAh·g-1,显示出优异的循环性能.这一优异的电化学性能归因于一维CNF网状结构的抗应力缓冲作用.     

两步烧结法制备碳包覆的LiFePO4/C复合正极材料的研究

采用两步烧结法处理原位合成的碳包覆的LiFePO4/C复合正极材料,采用XRD、SEM对材料的结构及表面形貌进行了表征;通过CV、EIS及充放电测试仪进行电化学性能测试.结果表明,两步烧结法制备的材料具有良好的倍率性能及循环性能.0.2C时的首次放电比容量为142.5 mAh/g,循环30次后,放电比容量仍达到126.9 mAh/g;0.5 C时的首次放电比容量为122.9 mAh/g;1 C时的首次放电比容量为106.4 mAh/g;2 C时的首次充放电为81.3 mAh/g.     

热处理温度对溶胶凝胶法制备LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4电化学性能的影响

在传统溶胶凝胶法的基础上,通过高温热处理LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4前驱体,合成了高性能的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4材料.通过X射线衍射仪测试材料的结构,经过超高温热处理后,获得了晶体发育完好的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.经电化学测试,高温热处理显著提高了材料的循环性能.经过900℃处理的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4首次充放电容量达到123 mAh/g,在1C倍率下循环一百次以后容量仍在121.6 mAh/g左右,容量保持率达到98.9;,高温热处理显著的改善了材料的循环性能.     

溶剂热合成Co(OH)2/活性炭复合电极材料及其电化学性能研究

以Co(NO3)2·6H2O,CO(NH2)2和活性炭(AC)为原料,利用溶剂热法合成了Co(OH) 2/AC复合电极材料.X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱和热重分析显示,产物是约为2 μm无定形的Co(OH)2薄片状粒子与AC颗粒复合.电化学测试表明,在6 mol/L KOH电解液中电流密度为1A·g-1时,电极材料的比电容达301F·g-1,倍率特性良好(164 F·g-1,20 A·g-1);比电容值比AC和Co(OH)2分别提高了89;和35;.复合材料电化学性能提升源自于高导电性活性炭和高赝电容比容量Co(OH)2间的协同作用.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMnPO4/C的固相法制备及性能研究

以碳酸锂、碳酸锰和磷酸二氢铵为原料,以蔗糖为碳源,采用固相法制备了Li Mn PO4/C复合正极材料。利用正交试验考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、球磨时间、锂锰摩尔比和蔗糖用量对材料首次放电比容量的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件。通过XRD、SEM、同步热分析仪和充放电测试仪等测试了材料的结构和电化学性能。所得材料在室温下电流密度为0.1 C、0.5 C和1 C时首次放电比容量分别为130.5 m Ah/g、125.8 m Ah/g和117.1 m Ah/g,经过50次循环性能测试后容量分别为113.2 m Ah/g、98.1 m Ah/g和85.4 m Ah/g;在电流密度为0.1 C且温度为60℃时,其首次放电比容量为156.4 m Ah/g,测试结果表明循环性能较好。     

高浓度Co掺杂ZnO晶体的水热法制备及磁性

采用水热法以CoO、ZnO混合为前驱物制备了ZnO晶体,矿化剂为6 mol/L KOH,填充度70;,温度430℃,两种样品CoO、ZnO组分物质的量百分比分别为0.5∶1和1∶1.当前驱物为nCo∶nZn=0.5∶1时,合成出Zn1-xCoxO晶体,Co元素掺杂量分别为6.83 at;和9.30 at;.当前驱物中nCo∶nZn=1∶1时,Zn1-xCoxO晶体中Co掺杂比例达到9.31 at;,同时伴有Co3O4生成,其中Zn掺杂比例达到14.59 at;,SEM显示,所制备的Zn1-xCoxO具有明显的ZnO晶体特征,形态完整,最大尺度约为50 μm.SQUID测量显示,生成物中Zn1-xCoxO晶体具有顺磁性,Zn1-xCoxO和Co3-xZnxO混合晶体也显示为顺磁性.     

Mn2V2O7纳米棒的制备及电化学储锂性能研究

以NH4VO3和Mn CO3为原料,采用水热法制备了Mn2V2O7纳米棒,采用X射线衍射(XRD)及场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并对其反应机理进行了探讨。以Mn2V2O7纳米棒作为锂离子电池的负极材料,对其电化学储锂性能进行了初步研究。结果表明:Mn2V2O7纳米棒在50 m A/g条件下的首次放电比容量为962.4 m Ah/g,循环50周后其放电比容量可稳定在389.4 m Ah/g,显示出较好的循环性能。     

α-Fe2O3单晶纳米片的制备及其电化学性能研究

以FeSO4·7H2O为铁源,CTAB为表面分散剂,采用便利的水热合成法成功制备了高性能α-Fe2O3单晶纳米片.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和恒流充放电测试等手段对材料的物相、微观形貌和电化学性能进行表征.结果表明,在200 mA/g电流密度下,α-Fe2O3单晶纳米片的起始不可逆容量损失较小;在100次循环后,α-Fe2O3单晶纳米片仍然约有875 mAh/g的充放电比容量,库伦效率保持在98;以上;在2000 mA/g的大倍率条件下,材料的充放电比容量依旧可达643 mAh/g左右,表现出十分良好的循环稳定性和可逆性能.     

镁、溴共掺杂对锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4电化学性能的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备出LiMn2O4和LiMn1.92 Mg0.08O3.84Br0.16锤离子电池正极材料,并用XRD、SEM、XPS、充放电测试和CV对其结构、形貌、化学成份以及电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,Mg、Br的掺杂未改变LiMn2O4的结构.在0.5C倍率下,LiMn1.92Mg0.08O3.84Br0.16的放电比容量为119 mAh/g,与LiMn2O4相比,其首次放电比容量提高了3.6;,循环100次后,LiMn1.92Mg0.08O3.84Br0.16的容量保持率高达86.9;.在5C倍率下,LiMn192Mg0.08O384Br0.16的放电比容量为91.1 mAh/g,比LiMn2O4提高了24.1;.实验表明,Mg、Br共同掺杂提高了LiMn2O4的放电比容量,并明显改善其循环稳定性和倍率性能,从而获得了较好的综合电化学性能.     

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Biocrystallization in Bacterial and Fungal Cells and Spores

A series of X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for the first time to study stress-induced biocrystallization (structural response to stress) in the bacteria E. coli, the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, and in cells and spores of the mycelial fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana. High-intensity areas with spacings of 90 and 44 Å are indicative of a periodically ordered arrangement (most likely nanocrystalline) of the bacterial nucleoid. For the starved bacteria Bacillus cereus, a peak at a spacing of 45 Å is also assigned to nanocrystalline complexes of DNA with the Dps protein. The spores of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana VKM F-582, as well as the spores of Bacillus cereus, form ordered arrays of DNA molecules with DNA-condensing acid-soluble proteins SASPs. Starved dehydrated mycelial cells of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana form ordered structures with spacings from 27 to 55 Å. A series of peaks reflect the formation of a number of ordered protein arrays, apparently with DNA, with continuously varying characteristic interplanar spacings.     

Preparation and characterization of PbSe nanopowder and quasi-ceramics

By means of the reduction of Pb(II) and Se(IV) with hydrazine, oval monodispersed PbSe nanoparticles characterized by sizes ～100 nm and the cubic symmetry were obtained. Their compaction and sintering into quasi-ceramic state were performed. The samples were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained are discussed.     

Crystal and molecular structures of benz-p-nitroanilide and benz-p-methoxyanilide

The crystal structures of the two carboxylic amides C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₃ (I) and C₁₄H₁₃NO₂ (II) have been determined by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The predominant structural feature is the hydrogen bonding (N-H?O=C) which influences the conformations of both structures.     

Melting and short-range order in liquids and glasses

A theory is proposed to explain two-dimensional melting based on the gauge-invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous breaking (Higgs mechanism) or the SU(2) gauge field to U(1) symmetry. The first-order phase transition in two-dimensional melting may be strongly related to the asymptotic freedom-like interaction of the SU(2) gauge field in the case when the distance between each excited disk is shorter than a critical length, 2/ boxv;mboxv, near the melting temperature.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.     

Broken Symmetries and Hydrodynamics of Hexatic B and Snectic F and I Liquid Crystal Phases

The nature of the spontaneously broken symmetries in hexatic B and smectic F and I phases is investigated and the hydrodynamics of the associated degrees of freedom is discussed.