Si4+共掺杂Yb∶YAG单晶生长和光谱特性研究

利用提拉法生长了Si⁴⁺共掺杂Yb∶YAG单晶,该晶体属于立方晶系,O_h¹⁰-Ia3d空间群。掺杂的Si⁴⁺没有改变YAG的晶体结构,但是影响了发光离子的价态。吸收光谱表明Si⁴⁺的引入使得Yb²⁺含量增多,这是由于Si⁴⁺引入了过量的电荷,为满足电价平衡,Yb³⁺转换为Yb²⁺。Yb²⁺的出现降低了Yb∶YAG的发光强度。稳态X射线激发发射光谱结果表明Si⁴⁺共掺杂Yb∶YAG晶体的发光强度是Yb∶YAG的63%,γ射线激发下的光产额降至原来的40%。此外,由于原料中含有多种Yb的同位素,Yb∶YAG除了可以被X射线、γ射线激发出荧光外,还可以与中子发生核反应产生带电粒子,进而引起次级反应产生荧光。荧光的产生仍然由Yb³⁺决定,因此,Si⁴⁺掺入也降低了中子探测灵敏度。     

Yb,Ho:GdScO3晶体生长及光谱性能分析

采用提拉法生长出了尺寸为?30 mm×50 mm的Yb, Ho∶GdScO₃晶体。通过X射线衍射得到了晶体的粉末衍射数据，使用GSAS软件进行了全谱拟合，得到了晶体的结构参数。测试了晶体的拉曼光谱，在100～700 cm^-1观察到18个拉曼振动峰。对Yb, Ho∶GdScO₃晶体的光谱特性进行了表征，并计算了Yb³⁺的吸收截面，其在940、975 nm处的吸收截面分别为0.31×10^-20、0.42×10^-20 cm²。采用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Ho³⁺的跃迁强度参量Ω_t,Ω₄/Ω₆值为2.04,并计算了辐射跃迁概率、能级寿命及荧光分支比等光谱参数。结果表明，Yb, Ho∶GdScO₃晶体的发光性能良好，是一种有前景的2～3μm激光晶体候选材料。     

钆镱共掺杂铝酸钇晶体的生长及性能研究

采用单晶提拉法成功生长出优质的Gd³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺铝酸钇晶体。对晶体的结构、分凝系数、光谱和激光性能进行了表征,结果表明:所生长的晶体空间群为Pnma,属于正交晶系,Yb³⁺的分凝系数为1.13。从偏振吸收和荧光光谱发现,b偏振方向时,晶体在980 nm处吸收截面为2.14×10^-20 cm²,适用于InGaAs 激光二极管泵浦;在1 044 nm处的发射截面为0.39×10^-20 cm²,荧光寿命为1.638 ms。此外,对b切向的Gd/Yb∶YAP晶体进行激光实验,在1 μm处实现连续激光输出,斜率效率为23.5%,最大输出功率可达0.51 W。     

Yb3+在YAG中的哈密顿参数计算

由吸收和发射光谱确定了提拉法生长的(29.52at;) Yb∶ YAG晶体的Yb3+能级,由叠加模型拟合了它的旋轨耦合参数、内禀晶体场参数Bk(k=2,4,6),然后以Bk得到的晶体场参数作为初始参数拟合了Yb3+的晶场能级,从而获得了它的晶体场参数Bqk,拟合误差为2 cm-1.所得的哈密顿参数可用于计算Yb∶ YAG的波函数,以进一步分析它的发光或激光微观机理.     

Yb3+:YVO4晶体的生长及光谱性能研究

采用提拉法生长出光学质量优良的Yb3+:YVO4晶体,研究生长过程中工艺参数的控制.测得掺杂浓度为18.1;Yb3+:YVO4晶体中Yb3+离子的有效分凝系数Keff为0.96.测定了不同Yb3+离子掺杂浓度晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,并分别计算了不同掺杂浓度下Yb3+:YVO4晶体的光谱参数.本文总结和解释了掺杂浓度影响其性能的规律,讨论了Yb3+:YVO4晶体作为激光晶体的优点.     

适温离子交换掺铒铌酸锂薄膜的制备研究

本文通过制备KNO₃和Er(NO₃)₃熔融混合物,将其与铌酸锂薄膜在高温管式炉中混合进行适温热扩散,并结合退火工艺,发明了一种直接在铌酸锂薄膜上掺杂Er³⁺的方法。通过不断变换热扩散温度、掺杂试剂浓度比例和晶体切向等参数,用控制变量法探究了不同参数对适温离子交换法掺杂Er³⁺效果的影响,在热扩散和退火温度360℃及KNO₃和Er(NO₃)₃质量比25∶1的参数设置下获得了表面形貌较佳的Z切掺铒铌酸锂薄膜。通过飞行时间二次离子质谱仪并利用已知掺杂浓度的薄膜进行定标,检测了所获得的掺铒铌酸锂薄膜中的Er³⁺浓度情况,对所采用适温离子交换法的有效性进行了验证。这一方法大幅简化了铌酸锂薄膜掺杂的工艺,同时节约了成本,有助于后续在铌酸锂薄膜平台上实现分区掺杂的工作,为未来定制化铌酸锂光子集成平台的搭建提供参考。     

LaBr3:Ce,Sr闪烁晶体的生长及性能研究

采用自发成核坩埚下降法生长了直径25 mm的铈、锶共掺溴化镧(LaBr₃∶5%Ce,x%Sr,简称LaBr₃∶Ce, Sr,其中x=0.1、0.3、0.5,摩尔分数)闪烁晶体，测试对比了晶体的X射线激发发射光谱、透过光谱和脉冲高度谱等。结果表明，不同Sr²⁺掺杂浓度的LaBr₃∶Ce, Sr晶体在X射线激发下的发射光谱波形基本一致，但相比未掺杂Sr²⁺的样品，发射峰的峰位发生了明显的红移，随着Sr²⁺掺杂浓度的增大，发射峰红移程度增大。不同Sr²⁺掺杂浓度的LaBr₃∶Ce, Sr晶体在350～800 nm不存在明显的吸收峰，0.3%和0.5%Sr²⁺掺杂晶体的透过率有所降低。随着Sr²⁺掺杂浓度的增大，能量分辨率逐步提高，Sr²⁺掺杂浓度为0.5%时，LaBr₃∶Ce, Sr晶体的能量分辨率最高，达2.99%@662 keV...     

多孔坩埚温度梯度法生长Ho,Y∶CaF2晶体及其光谱性能

采用自主设计改造的温梯炉,成功生长了不同浓度Ho³⁺、Y³⁺掺杂的CaF₂及Sr_xCa_1-xF₂晶体,晶体尺寸约为ϕ15 mm×55 mm,生长周期约为6 d,能够实现7种不同浓度晶体的同步生长,并选取其中的4%(原子数分数)Ho,4%Y∶CaF₂晶体进行分析,吸收测试表明,该晶体448 nm和643 nm处吸收峰的吸收截面分别是1.13×10^-20 cm²和0.84×10^-20 cm², J-O理论分析得到了晶场强度参数Ω_t(t=2、4、6)、辐射跃迁几率、荧光分支比和辐射寿命。在448 nm氙灯激发下,经计算得到该晶体在546 nm、650 nm 和752 nm处的发射截面分别为10.450×10^-21 cm²、8.737×10^-21 cm²和5.965×10^-21 cm²,测得⁵F₄和⁵F₅能级的寿命分别为33.5 μs和17.7 μs。在640 nm LD泵浦激发下,经计算得到该晶体2 031 nm处发射截面为5.375×10^-21 cm²,2 847 nm处发射截面为10.356×10^-21 cm²,测得⁵I₇和⁵I₆ 能级的寿命分别为4.37 ms 和1.85 ms。以上结果表明,多孔坩埚温梯法能够大大提高激光晶体稀土离子掺杂浓度筛选的效率,加快新型激光晶体材料的研发速度。     

Er3+单掺与Er3+/Yb3+共掺NBT-CT无铅压电陶瓷的上转换发光性能研究

采用固相烧结法制备一系列Er³⁺单掺与Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺0.96Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-0.04CaTiO₃(NBT-CT∶xEr³⁺/yYb³⁺,x=0.002~0.015,y=0.010)无铅压电陶瓷。通过X射线衍射仪和荧光光谱仪分别对样品的物相结构和上转换发光特性进行表征和分析。结果表明,样品的主晶相为NBT晶相。在波长为980 nm的近红外光激发下,Er³⁺单掺与Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺NBT-CT陶瓷均呈现强的以绿光为主的Er³⁺特征上转换发光。在NBT-CT∶xEr³⁺中,当x=0.010时上转换发光性能最佳;Yb³⁺能够起到敏化作用,明显增强Er³⁺的上转换发光强度。     

钼酸盐激光晶体的研究进展

对钼酸盐激光晶体材料的结构、生长技术、光谱特性等特点在国内外的研究进行了综述,认为作为激光晶体材料可以利用的钼酸盐分为类白钨矿型和钾钠铅矾型,在合成方法上以提拉法为主,但由于挥发及生长工艺等问题,晶体会出现色心、晶裂等现象.结合前人对该类材料的生长技术研究,我们重点对掺Yb3+离子的白钨矿型钼酸盐激光晶体光谱学特点进行了研究和总结,认为掺Yb3+离子的白钨矿型钼酸盐有望成为新一代的激光晶体材料.     

Nd3+:α~NaYF4单晶体的生长与光谱特性

以KF为助熔剂,初始原料按照NaF:KF:YF3:NdF3=30:18:47:5的摩尔比例,采用助熔剂-坩埚下降法成功生长出了优质块体Nd3+掺杂α~NaYF4单晶体.XRD图谱表明,引入少量钕离子没有改变单晶体的立方相结构.测定了钕离子在晶体中的实际掺杂浓度为3.15mol;,相比初始掺杂浓度偏小,说明在单晶体中稀土离子存在着分凝现象.根据吸收图谱,在800nm处具有最强吸收峰,最大吸收系数α和吸收跃迁截面σabs分别为0.91cm-1和0.138×10-20cm2.在800nm激光激发下,发射光谱在800~1500nm范围内有三个峰,由4F3/2能级跃迁到4I11/2能级所产生位于1052nm处的峰值最强,测得荧光寿命为35μs.掺钕氟化钇钠晶体的光学特性表明它在中红外激光领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

名义纯及掺杂铌酸锂晶体内偏置场的实验研究

铌酸锂晶体的内偏置场对铁电应用、电光应用和非线性光学应用等均有直接影响。本工作建立了铌酸锂(LN)晶体内偏置场测试方法,对同成分铌酸锂(CLN)晶体、近化学计量比铌酸锂(nSLN)晶体、掺杂铌酸锂(doped LN)晶体的内偏置场和矫顽场进行测量。结果表明,CLN晶体内偏置场最高(E_int=2.53 kV/mm),nSLN晶体的内偏置场大幅降低,其中富锂熔体法生长和气相输运平衡(vapor transport equilibration, VTE)法结合得到的nSLN晶体的内偏置场最小,与CLN晶体相比降低了约两个数量级;掺杂铌酸锂晶体的内偏置场与CLN晶体相比也普遍降低,其中掺6.5%(摩尔分数)Mg的CLN晶体的内偏置场约为CLN晶体的四分之一,掺7%(摩尔分数)Zn的CLN晶体的内偏置场约为CLN晶体的六分之一。最后对组分和掺杂影响内偏置场的因素进行了简要分析。     

Growth and evaluation of lanthanoids orthoniobates single crystals processed by a miniature pedestal growth technique

Optimized conditions for the growth of lanthanoids orthoniobates (LnNbO₄, Ln = lanthanide elements) single crystal minirods by a floating zone technique were investigated. Adequate atmospheres and pulling to feeding speed ratios to grow these materials were determined. Emphasis is given to the study of LaNbO₄ because of their more favorable growth conditions and crystalline quality. This material can be efficiently doped with rare earth elements such as erbium. It grows with high crystallinity and its preferential growth direction is [1 1 0]. A preliminary evaluation of optical properties of Er³⁺‐doped LaNbO₄ single crystal under the Judd‐Ofelt formalism indicates spectral parameters Ω_t close and even larger than for Er³⁺ ions in YVO₄. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

掺杂TGS晶体的生长及热释电性能研究

选择重稀土离子Dy3 为掺杂阳离子,DL-丙氨酸与L-谷氨酸部分取代甘氨酸分子,生长了不同掺杂配比的TGS晶体。生长和测试实验表明,掺杂TGS晶体较纯TGS晶体易于生长。将掺杂晶体生长溶液的pH值控制在1~4,可改变掺杂晶体的结晶习性。用ICP发射光谱测试了掺杂晶体中稀土元素的含量,用X射线粉末衍射法测定了晶格参数,结果表明:元素已进入晶体,晶格参数稍有变化,但掺杂晶体的对称性仍为C2-2。通过测量掺杂晶体的电滞回线,得到了内偏压场,还测量了各样品的热释电系数、自发极化强度,作了温度曲线,并分析了各掺杂剂对提高热释电性能和锁定极化的作用。结果表明:是有应用前景的热释电材料。     

Study of the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity in strontium-barium niobate crystals with different dopants

The electrical characteristics of single crystals of strontium-barium niobate solid solutions have been studied. The temperature dependences of the electrical conductivity were obtained for different SBN compositions, nominally pure SBN:61 and SBN:75 and SBN doped with rare earth and transition-metal impurities. The influence of the chemical composition of a solid solution, thermal treatment conditions, dopant concentration, and electrode type on the specific features of the electrical conductivity of single crystals in the temperature range 20–450°C is shown.     

Relaxation process of the I13/2 level of Er in a borosilicate glass

Relaxation of 1.54 μm emission of the erbium doped borosilicate glasses with high rare earth solubility was investigated. When the erbium content is less than 0.2 wt%, multi-phonon relaxation is the predominant process of non-radiative relaxation. It is difficult to increase the quantum efficiency higher than 70% for erbium ions in this glass due to multi-phonon relaxation. Because of the good glass-formation ability and high rare earth solubility, this glass will be suitable as a host for rare earth ions with a large energy gap, such as Yb³⁺, Eu³⁺ or Tb³⁺.     

Fluorescence properties of Nd3+ doped stoichiometric LiNbO3 fiber single crystals by micro‐pulling down method

Using the micro‐pulling down (μ‐PD) method, 1 and 3 mol% Nd₂O₃ doped near stoichiometric lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) single crystal fibers were grown in 1 mm diameter and 35∼40 mm length. The grown crystal fibers were free of cracks and the homogeneous distribution of Nd³⁺ ion concentrations were confirmed by the electron probe micro analysis. The changes of fluorescence spectra were measured with respect to the Nd³⁺ ion doping concentration. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于级联PPMgLN晶体的双倍/三倍频双波长激光器

本文演示了紧凑的绿色和近红外双色连续波激光光源,其发射波长分别为516 nm和775 nm。设计并制造了级联的周期性极化掺镁铌酸锂晶体,用于同时转换通信波长的二次谐波(SHG)和三次谐波(THG),可以在相同温度下获得绿色和近红外激光的输出。通过建立一个单程激光测量系统,在2 W泵浦功率下获得516 nm的0.15 mW绿光和775 nm的1.19 mW的光,晶体温度控制在30.8 ℃。实验结果将为单激光器泵浦的紧凑型双波长共线激光器提供重要的案例。     

Effect of post treatment on the photorefractive properties of Ru‐doped lithium niobate

The effect of post treatment on the photorefractive properties of Ru‐doped lithium niobate was studied. The absorption spectra examination of Ru‐doped LiNbO₃ crystals with different post treatments showed that the absorption coefficient at 530 nm increased after the reduced treatment was employed and the absorption edge of the reduced crystal shifted towards the infrared band. On the contrary, the trend reversed after the oxidized treatment was employed. In addition, the photorefractive properties were investigated with the two‐beam coupling method conducted via a 532 nm solid state laser. It was found that the oxidized Ru:LiNbO₃ had smaller exponential gain coefficient and diffraction efficiency because the charges in the shallow level were exchanged to the deep level. On the other hand, the reduced Ru:LiNbO₃ crystals had larger exponential gain coefficient and diffraction efficiency due to the increase of the Ru³⁺ which existed in the shallow level. The response times of both oxidized and reduced Ru:LiNbO₃ were longer than those of the as‐grown ones. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)