石墨烯/银纳米线复合透明导电薄膜光电性能及稳定性研究

利用旋涂法和机械转移法在柔性衬底聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基板表面构建石墨烯/银纳米线复合透明导电薄膜.复合薄膜具有优良的电学性能,在可见光550 nm处透过率为73.2;,薄膜面电阻低至0.32 Ω/□.与银纳米线薄膜相比,石墨烯/银纳米线复合薄膜还表现出良好的电学稳定性,在90天后银纳米线薄膜面电阻增加率高达648;,而复合薄膜面电阻的增加率仅为30;.此外,在270天后,复合薄膜在循环弯曲300次前后,与LED灯串联可获得恒定的输出电压,表现出良好的机械弯曲稳定性.     

不同浓度碳纳米管/聚乙烯醇薄膜的机械性能的研究

基于化学气相沉积法制备碳纳米管(CNTs),利用浸入滚动法制备CNTs/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合薄膜.研究不同浓度的PVA对CNTs/PVA复合薄膜机械性能的影响.实验表明,CNTs/PVA复合薄膜的应力随着PVA的浓度的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,PVA的浓度为2wt;的时候CNTs/PVA复合薄膜的抗拉强度最大,其值为561 MPa.并且实验研究发现CNTs/PVA复合薄膜的应变随着PVA的溶度的增加而增加,不同浓度的复合薄膜具有良好的均匀性.     

阵列式碳纳米管雷达波吸收性能研究

研究了阵列式碳纳米管的雷达波吸收性能.采用化学气相沉积(CVD)工艺制备阵列式碳纳米管薄膜,并采用SEM 和TEM 对其进行观测.观测显示:阵列式碳纳米管薄膜中碳纳米管排列规则,有很好的定向性,直径30～50 nm.阵列式碳纳米管薄膜平铺在铝板上并用环氧树脂固定制成试样,采用反射率扫频测量系统HP8757E矢量网络分析仪检测阵列式碳纳米管吸波性能.结果表明:阵列式碳纳米管在2～18 GHz频段的较高频段表现出良好的吸波性能.吸波性能随薄膜厚度不同而改变.阵列式碳纳米管薄膜厚度为0.2 mm 时,雷达波吸收性能最佳,峰值R为-15.87 dB,波峰出现在17.83 GHz,带宽分别为4.25 GHz(R<-10 dB)和6.40 GHz(R<-5 dB).     

基于柔性玻璃衬底ZnO∶B薄膜的非晶硅太阳能电池的制备及其光电性能研究

采用低压化学气相沉积法(LPCVD)在大面积(40 cm ×40 cm)超薄柔性玻璃和硬质玻璃衬底上分别制备了B掺杂的ZnO(BZO)透明导电薄膜及非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池,对比了两种衬底上BZO薄膜的形貌、光学和导电性能及其非晶硅薄膜电池的性能.结果表明,在相同LPCVD工艺下,超薄柔性玻璃衬底上BZO薄膜的生长速率相对减小;当生长相同厚度BZO薄膜时,超薄柔性玻璃衬底的透光率相对于硬质玻璃衬底提高约2;,同时并具有相同的导电能力.在柔性玻璃衬底上制备的非晶硅薄膜电池的初始和稳定转化效率也相对提高,分别达到9.16;和7.82;.     

Pt表面修饰WO3纳米线薄膜对高浓度氢气传感性能的研究

本文采用热蒸发法合成了高结晶度的WO3纳米线薄膜,并利用溅射法把Pt纳米颗粒催化剂均匀溅射到纳米线的表面,形成Pt表面修饰WO3纳米线的复合纳米网络结构.气敏传感性能测试结果表明,在工作温度为100～140℃,Pt表面修饰的WO3纳米线薄膜对高浓度氢气具有响应度高(电阻变化率接近100;)、响应时间短(小于1.0s)、可重复性好等特点,能够有效地降低传感器的工作温度,解决高浓度探测时的饱和和失效问题,在工业生产中具有潜在的应用价值.     

阵列式碳纳米管微波受激发射光子

采用化学气相沉积工艺(CVD)制备阵列式碳纳米管(ACNT)薄膜并检测薄膜的微波性能.当ACNT薄膜受到微波照射时,强烈地发射光子,产生耀眼的的白光,红外测温仪显示温度高达1200℃,但ACNT并不氧化燃烧.ACNT薄膜经球磨成粉状后,光子发射性能消失,在微波照射下 ACNT粉末和普通碳纳米管(MWCNT)表现相近,吸收微波能量后开始燃烧并发出红色的火焰,实测温度为720℃.研究显示ACNT具有优异的场发射性能.     

锥向阵列碳纳米管的制备及表征

采用化学气相沉积法,以二甲苯为碳源,二茂铁为催化剂,在球面半径分别为0.5 mm、1 mm、1.5 mm的石英基底上制备锥向阵列碳纳米管薄膜,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等对样品进行了表征.结果表明,随着曲率半径的增加,锥向阵列碳纳米管的定向性变差;曲率半径为0.5 mm的球面上制备的阵列碳纳米管更具有锥形,定向性良好,管身平直,纯度高.     

碳纳米管聚合物复合膜的等离子刻蚀研究

本文研究了等离子刻蚀碳纳米管(CNTs)聚合物复合膜的工艺,并采用测量接触电阻表征薄膜的刻蚀效果.用SEM对刻蚀前后的试样膜面进行了观测.结果表明电压为100 V,电流为0.52 A时可以有效地刻蚀掉在制备无衬底碳纳米管膜时附在其上的粘胶剂和聚合物.且刻蚀前后碳纳米管复合膜的电阻有很大变化,从110.2Ω降至8.4Ω.     

芳基苄醚树枝配体取代酞菁锌-单壁碳纳米管复合物的合成及光诱导分子内电子转移

将芳基苄醚树枝配体酞菁锌四-3,5-(二-4-羧基苯甲氧基)-苯甲氧基]酞菁锌(DZnPc)与氨基化单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs-NH2)通过酰胺缩合反应合成了一种新型芳基苄醚树枝配体酞菁锌-单壁碳纳米管复合物(SWNTs-DZnPc).通过透射电镜(TEM)、热重分析(TGA)和拉曼光谱对SWNTs-DZnPc的结构进行了表征.采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱法研究了SWNTs-DZnPc的光物理性质.结果表明,DZnPc是以共价键方式修饰在SWNTs-NH2表面;在光诱导下,纳米复合物发生分子内电子转移,电子从DZnPc传递到SWNTs.     

利用直流磁控溅射法在柔性衬底上制备ZnO: Zr新型透明导电薄膜

室温下利用直流磁控溅射法在有ZnO缓冲层的柔性衬底 PET上制备出了可见光透过率高、电阻率低的掺锆氧化锌(ZnO: Zr)透明导电薄膜,研究了厚度对ZnO: Zr薄膜结构及光电性能的影响.结果表明,ZnO: Zr薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜.实验获得ZnO: Zr薄膜的最小电阻率为2.4×10-3 Ω·cm,其霍尔迁移率为18.9 cm2·V-1·s-1 ,载流子浓度为2.3×1020 cm-3.实验制备的ZnO: Zr薄膜具有良好的附着性能,其可见光平均透过率超过92;.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

A SAXS study of kinetics of aggregation of silica sols

SAXS in situ experiments on the evolution of TMOS solutions during hydrolysis and polycondensation lead to power laws with scaling exponents ≈ 2. It is suggested that this could be the result of the polydispersity of the samples and that only an apparent fractal dimension can be obtained in this way. Kinetic studies tend to indicate that agglomeration in the sol is the result of a diffusion-controlled process.     

Study of the possibility of interactive control of the surface profile of X-ray optical elements

We investigate the possibility of controlling the curvature parameters of parabolic mirrors that are modular elements of two types consisting of a base and thin inserts placed at the opposite side of the work surface. In the first type of modular elements, bending is controlled by the difference in the coefficients of the thermal expansion of the base and inserts. In the second type of elements, the profile is changed by the piezoelectric straining of the inserts under an electric field. A correlation is established between the parameters of modular elements and their surface curvature profile.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Mechanism of thermal expansion of structural modifications of zinc pyrovanadate

Crystal chemical characteristics of the α and β modifications of Zn₂V₂O₇ are calculated based on in situ high-temperature X-ray measurements. The expansion of the structure is found to be strongly anisotropic up to the negative volumetric thermal expansion of the α-Zn₂V₂O₇ unit cell in the temperature range of 300–600°С, α _V =–17.94 × 10^–6 1/K. The transformations of the “hard” and “soft” sublattices with an increase temperature and at the phase transition are considered in detail. It is shown that the negative volumetric thermal expansion of α-Zn₂V₂O₇ is due to the degeneracy of the zigzag-like shape of zinc–oxygen columns at constant distances between their vertices.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Investigation of the Mechanism of Influence of Stress Corrosion on the Development of Macroplastic Instabilities of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

Crystallography Reports - Macroscopic jumps of plastic deformation (few percent in amplitude) on creep curves of aluminum–magnesium alloy, caused by a local effect of concentrated solution of...