大直径、高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的生长及其紫外光折变性能研究

我们生长了掺镁量分别为3.0mol;、5.0mol;、7.8mol;、9.0mol;的76mm高掺镁铌酸锂晶体,检测了这些晶体的生长条纹情况,并利用双光耦合配置测试了这些晶体在351nm紫外光下的光折变性能.从实验结果看,采用同成分共熔点铌锂配比的高掺镁铌酸锂晶体生长条纹比较多;虽然高掺镁铌酸锂晶体在可见光波段有很好的抗光折变能力,但是在紫外光下具有良好的光折变性能,可以作为优良的紫外光折变材料使用.同时,实验结果表明,掺镁量在5.0mol;的铌酸锂晶体具有最佳的紫外光折变性能.     

近化学计量比和掺镁近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的生长与表征

发明了悬挂坩埚技术并利用该技术成功生长了2英寸掺镁和纯化学计量比铌酸锂晶体,并对这两种晶体的结构、热学性质和光谱性质进行了全面的表征。此外利用原料合成新方法——溶液合成法使掺镁近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的组分均匀性和光学均匀性显著提高,测试结果证明了晶体的高光学均匀性和成分均匀性,完全符合应用的要求。     

优良全息光折变存储材料-双掺铌酸锂晶体

我们生长与后处理了一系列双掺铌酸锂晶体,通过光折变存储性能的测试,在这些晶体中,我们发现了三种双掺晶体:LN:Fe,Mg;LN∶Fe,In;LN∶Fe,Zn,它们具有优良的光折变存储性能,即高衍射效率(高达60～80;)、快光折变响应(比LN∶Fe 晶体缩短了一个数量级)、和强抗光散射能力(比LN∶Fe提高近两个数量级).我们还系统地研究了光强阈值效应与全息写入的关系以及全息写入与入射光强的关系,发现在光强阈值附近耦合强度有一最大值,从而提出了最佳写入光强的概念.另外,全息光栅热固定研究还显示,双掺铌酸锂晶体比单掺Fe的铌酸锂晶体具有更优良的热固定性质:快固定时间、高固定效率、长固定寿命等.     

掺钼近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的光折变性能研究

通过生长一系列掺钼近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体,研究了晶体的光折变性能,发现在488 nm和532 nm波长辐照下,当Mo的掺入量为0.5mol;时,晶体的光折变灵敏度分别达到0.25 cm/J和0.21 cm/J.此外,极化条件的改变可以缩短晶体在488 nm波长辐照下的光折变响应时间.通过红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱和X射线光电子能谱的测试,对掺钼近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的光折变性能变化的机制进行了研究.     

高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的生长及其激光器件性能的研究

本文报道高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的生长，测试了晶体的光学性能－双折射梯度和消光比，晶体的光折变阈值，红外透射光谱和光电导，用高掺镁铌酸锂晶体制做了倍频器和Ｑ开关。研究了它们的性能和应用。     

锂组分对纯铌酸锂晶体光折变性能的影响研究

本文研究了低光强下锂组分对纯铌酸锂晶体的可见光折变、紫外光致吸收及紫外光折变性能的影响,发现了光折变中心种类和数量随晶体组分的渐变行为.在组分较低的同成分晶体中,大量本征缺陷形成Q极化子,因而在可见光波段表现出较弱的光生伏打效应;在组分较高的近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体中,双极化子是主要光折变中心,从而引起较高的光生伏打电场.而纯铌酸锂晶体的紫外光致吸收以及紫外光折变性能则具有相似的组分依赖关系.它们随组分的增加过程可分为两个不同的阶段:当组分小于49.70 mol;时,随组分增加缓慢升高,而当组分高于49.70 mol;时,随组分突然猛增并迅速升高.上述实验结果也可采用本征缺陷由Q极化子主导向双极化子主导的渐变过程进行解释.     

近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体-生长技术和成分测试方法

近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体的各种优越的物理性质已经吸引了众多研究者们的兴趣.常规提拉法生长的钽酸锂是一种非化学计量比的晶体,晶体中存在大量的本征缺陷,限制了其在高性能器件的应用.研究者们都在努力寻找一种能生长大尺寸高质量晶体的方法,并利用晶体的各种性质制造相应的功能器件.本文综述主要介绍了同成分钽酸锂晶体的缺陷结构和未掺杂和掺镁近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体的生长技术及成分测试方法.     

掺锆铌酸锂系列晶体

本文简介了掺锆铌酸锂系列晶体的研究进展,包括单掺锆铌酸锂、锆铁双掺铌酸锂、锆铁锰及锆铜铈三掺铌酸锂。掺锆铌酸锂晶体不但在可见波段具有远优于掺镁铌酸锂的抗光损伤能力,即使在近紫外波段,也拥有其它掺杂晶体所不具备的抗光损伤性能。锆铁双掺铌酸锂晶体兼有高光折变灵敏度和高光折变衍射效率的性质。锆铁锰和锆铜铈三掺铌酸锂晶体不但能够实现非挥发存储,其光折变响应速度及灵敏度都较铁锰和铜铈双掺晶体有大幅提高。这些实验结果表明,掺锆铌酸锂有望成为出色的非线性光学晶体。     

晶体材料中的常青树——铌酸锂晶体

正从上世纪70年代开始,我国科研人员就开始了铌酸锂晶体生长、缺陷、性能及其应用研究。南开大学是国内最早开展研究的单位之一,几十年来,围绕通讯、激光、国防等领域对高光学均匀性、高抗光损伤、高温度适用性光学级铌酸锂晶体的需求,将铌酸锂晶体的光学均匀性提高了近2个数量级,发明了掺镁铌酸锂晶体,将抗光损伤能力提高6个数量级以上,并实现了高光学质量近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的实用化制备。     

四价掺杂铌酸锂晶体抗光折变性能研究

我们在同成份铌酸锂晶体中掺入四价离子铪,生长了掺杂浓度分别为2、4、6mol;的掺铪铌酸锂系列晶体.掺铪浓度达到4mol;时,晶体的抗光损伤能力为5×105W/cm2,比同成份纯铌酸锂晶体提高了4个数量级.应用全息法测得掺4、6mol;铪的铌酸锂晶体最大折射率变化为8.7×10-6,与高掺镁(6.5mol;)铌酸锂晶体的类似.晶体的红外吸收谱和紫外-可见光吸收谱也显示,掺杂浓度为4mol;时具有明显的阈值特征.由此可以确定铪离子在铌酸锂晶体中的阈值浓度约为4mol;.     

紫外、深紫外非线性光学晶体探索十年回顾

本文讨论了近10年来我们研究组在探索紫外、深紫外非线性光学晶体方面的经历。这些经历中有成功的一面,也有不成功的一面。成功的一面包括KBBF晶体的发现及最短倍频波的输出(184.7nm),以及最近使用的一种特殊的器件设计,使KBBF晶体能够产生有效的深紫外谐波光输出;KABO晶体的发现及厘米级晶体的获得,有可能使此晶体在Nd∶YAG激光的4、5倍频器件中得到应用。而我们没有想到的是线性和非线性光学性能均很优秀的SBBO晶体,却发现结构的完整性有问题,目前还不能得到实际的应用,在今后仍需花很大的精力去研究它。最后,我们虽然已花了10年时间,但深紫外非线性光学晶体仍旧没有得到理想的解决,还需我们继续努力。由此可见,一个科学问题的认真解决,是需要花非常长的时间。本文希望把我们研究组的近10年来的经验写出来,供大家参考,以求共勉。     

稀土激光晶体研究进展

简述了近年来掺稀土激光晶体的研究进展,详细介绍了若干新型掺稀土激光晶体的结构、热力学性能、机械性能、光谱特性和激光性能.发现激光晶体正朝着改善晶体物理性能、提高输出光强、拓宽输出波长范围的方向发展,而且由于激光二极管性价比的提高,探索适用于LD泵浦的激光晶体将成为主流.本文为进一步研究和应用这些激光晶体提供了参考.     

Ternary system Li2O–K2O–Nb2O5: Re-examination of the 30 mol% K2O isopleth and growth of fully stoichiometric potassium lithium niobate single crystals by the micro-pulling down technique

Potassium lithium niobate (KLN) single crystals have attractive properties for non-linear optical applications based on frequency conversion of laser diodes in the blue range. Especially, fully stoichiometric K₃Li₂Nb₅O₁₅ crystals would be capable of doubling a laser light in the near UV range. Using powder X-ray diffraction and DSC experiments, we have re-investigated the 30 mol% K₂O isopleth of the ternary system Li₂O–K₂O–Nb₂O₅ in order to explore the possibility of a limited existence field for this phase. From our results, it was shown that the stoichiometric KLN phase exists between 970 and 1040 °C, temperature at which it undergoes a non-congruent melting. From this conclusion, compositionally homogeneous a-axis oriented single crystals fibers of stoichiometric K₃Li₂Nb₅O₁₅ were successfully grown by the micro-pulling down technique with pulling rates in the range 0.3–0.7 mm min⁻¹. The crystal length was between 10 and 120 mm for an apparent diameter near 500 μm. The fibers, characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, appeared free of macro-defects and of good quality and their stoichiometric composition was also confirmed.     

激光晶体Nd3+:Gd3Ga5O12中的核心和小面生长

Nd3+:Gd3Ga5O12(Nd:GGG)晶体是热容固体激光器的一种重要的工作介质.采用提拉法沿〈111〉方向生长出了Nd:GGG单晶,利用激光器、应力仪和偏光显微镜等仪器和方法,对晶体的小面生长及核心等缺陷进行了观察,分析了小面生长的机理,并提出了消除这些缺陷的办法.通过研究,为改善生长工艺、生长大尺寸优质Nd:GGG晶体提供参考.     

无序激光晶体及其超快激光研究进展

激光是受激辐射的光放大,所辐射的波长取决于增益介质中关键电子的能级结构,特别是其最外层电子的状态决定了可能实现的激光特性。激光发展60年来,激光晶体作为激光的重要激活材料,推动了激光技术的进步和普及,是一个研究历史长而又异常活跃的研究领域。当前,超短超强脉冲激光在加工、医疗、国防等关系国计民生的领域有重要需求,适合超短超强激光的激光晶体成为了本领域的研究热点,其关键是揭示最外层电子的影响因素及设计和生长具有宽波段发射性能的激光晶体。本论文从探讨影响激活离子光谱性能的关键因素出发,综述了以本课题组十余年研究的10余种无序激光晶体为主要部分的研究结果和进展,涉及晶体生长、晶体物理、激光器件设计及应用等工作,包含了高级、中级和低级对称性晶体及其获得的最短脉冲激光结果,希望能为本领域的后续研究提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

Optimisation of chromium doping in LiNbO3 single crystals

Growth of undoped and Cr doped (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mol % Cr₂O₃) congruently‐ melting‐composition LiNbO₃ single crystals by Czochralski technique is reported. Chromium doping was optimised to get crystals with potential for an integrated, broadband, tunable laser in the 700‐1100 nm spectral range. Typical sizes of the grown crystals are 25‐30 mm in diameter and 30‐40 mm in length. Symmetrical and sharp conoscopy pictures confirm the optical homogeneity of the crystals. Optical transmission was recorded for both undoped and doped crystals. 70% transmittance was observed. The grown crystals have reasonably good laser damage threshold. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A survey of research on KTP and its analogue crystals

This paper reviews the growth and properties of KTiOPOP₄ (KTP) and its analogue crystals including its isomorphous crystals and doped crystals. Based on the calculation of the refractive indices and phase matching of KTP crystals, it is shown that non-critical phase matching can be achieved theoretically. In a 4%Nb-doped KTP crystal, non-critical phase matching was obtained with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in an efficiency of ca. 4%. Most of the isomorphous and doped KTP crystals possess similar physical, optical and nonlinear optical properties as those of KTP.RbTiOPO₄, KTiOASO₄ and RbTiOASO₄ crystals have better electrooptical figure of merit and RbTiOPO₄ crystals have a fast ion conductor character. Some doped KTP crystals have shown high second harmonic generation efficiencies and damage thresholds. But the homogeneity of KTP analogue crystals is poorer than that of KTP. On the base of damage threshold tests using a CW Argon laser, it is concluded that the best second harmonic generation crystal among all the KTP analogue crystals is still KTP itself. Special care must be taken to eliminate impurity centers to avoid the formation of gray track and photorefractive centers.     

Investigation of semi-insulating oxygen-doped GaAs

We found Oxygen-doped GaAs crystals to be suitable materials for CO₂ laser optical component preparation, with application at 10.6 μm. An optical transmission of 55% in the IR spectrum range, between 2 and 15 μm has been reached for such a GaAs type material. The GaAs crystals that we have analysed were grown by two procedures: Horizontal Bridgman (HB) and Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC). The HB method has been used for obtaining pure (undoped) crystals, while the oxygen-doped GaAs ingots were grown by LEC technique. The two types of samples processed in the same manner as regards mechanical polishing and chemical etching, which were investigated by Hall measurements, optical transmission spectrometry and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) technique. The GaAs:O (LEC) has near semi-insulating properties as can be observed from the results of the electrical resistivity and Hall effect measurements. The ERDA spectrum shows an intense signal of oxygen in the bulk of GaAs:O (LEC) crystals, while the oxygen signal is not present in the ERDA spectrum of the undoped GaAs (HB). We consider that these results could recommend the ERDA technique as a possible qualitative and quantitative analysis in an ion-beam accelerator for oxygen content in oxygen-doped GaAs crystals. The analysis is not sensitive to the native oxide, as could be seen by measuring GaAs (HB) undoped crystals.     

KDP晶体激光损伤机理研究

大口径KDP晶体是唯一可用作激光约束核聚变(ICF)中Pockels盒和倍频器件的晶体材料,但是低的抗激光损伤阈值使其应用受到了限制.本文从电子-空穴对的产生及稳定机制、光伤实体的本质等方面总结了多年来人们对KDP晶体激光损伤机理的研究进展,尤其从多光子电离、碰撞电离、激光加热三个方面定性阐述了电子-空穴对的产生机制, 而电子-空位对的稳定机制是探讨光损伤的关键步骤.另外从晶体生长过程及后处理两个方面初步讨论了提高光伤阈值和光学均匀性的途径.     

Compositional variation in 0.65 PbMg2/3Nb1/3O3 ‐0.35 PbTiO3 single crystals grown by high temperature solution growth technique

Single crystals of lead magnesium niobate titanate, 0.65 PbMg_2/3Nb_1/3O₃ (PMN) ‐0.35PbTiO₃ (PT) were grown using flux method near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition. The crystals grown at the centre of the platinum crucible were found to PT deficient compared to those grown near the walls of the crucibles. A variation of ∼3.8 mol% in PT concentration was found in the crystals grown at the wall and at the centre of the crucible. The difference in the chemical composition of crystals grown at the centre and the near the wall of the crucible was observed by X‐ray diffraction, EDXRF, dielectric and thermal measurements. The presence of PT rich and deficient crystals is explained in terms of the segregation coefficient of PT in PMN. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)