不同位置Mg掺杂ZnO电荷转移和光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论计算了本征氧化锌、6.25%Mg以及同位、邻位、间位12.5%Mg原子掺杂氧化锌晶体的几何结构、原子轨道电子布居、静电势和电子结构特征;探究了Mg原子掺杂对氧化锌能带结构、态密度以及对应的光学性质和电学性质的影响。结果表明Mg掺杂会导致氧化锌晶体的晶格体积变大,载流子迁移率降低和吸收边蓝移;邻位双原子掺杂(ZnO+2Mg-ac、ZnO+2Mg-ad)可以显著降低氧化锌的光吸收系数和反射率,提升对太阳光的透过率;Mg掺杂氧化锌晶体适用于制作高质量光学透射膜。     

(TiO2)3n（n=1～4）纳米团簇的几何结构和电子性质研究

本文采用广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,对(TiO2)3及增长后的(TiO2)3n(n=1～4)纳米团簇进行了结构优化,计算并分析其几何结构、结合能、能级、态密度以及HOMO-LUMO的电子云密度分布。结果表明:随n增加,(TiO2)3n(n=1～4)纳米团簇结合能、HOMO轨道能量和态密度峰值逐渐增加。当团簇受到激发时,电子从HOMO轨道向LUMO轨道跃迁,同时,悬挂键以及连接键氧原子上的电子向Ti原子转移。     

CdHg(SCN)4晶体的结构和光学性质的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和赝势方法,研究CdHg(SCN)4(CMTC)的晶体结构、电子结构和光学性质.计算结果表明:优化后的晶体晶格常数与实验值基本一致,CMTC晶体以-Cd-N=C=S-Hg-为链形成的无限三维网络结构具有较强的稳定性;能带结构具有明显的直接带隙结构,用LDA+U方法计算CMTC晶体带隙为3.223 eV,与实验值3.265 eV相接近;键合性质的计算显示S-C和C-N键具有明显的共价性,而Cd-N和Hg-S键具有明显的离子性.依据阴离子基团理论,计算了CMTC晶体的倍频系数,CMTC晶体倍频系数的计算值(d14=1.58～ 1.74 pm/V,d15=5.77～7.69 pm/V)与实验值(d14=1.4 ±0.6 pm/V,d15 =6.0 ±0.9 pm/V)基本一致,研究发现CMTC晶体的非线性光学效应主要来自于多面体Cd (NCS)4和Hg (SCN)4基团.     

KDP晶体中铝取代钾点缺陷第一性原理计算

为了明确Al3+在KDP晶体生长过程中对光学性质和力学性质的具体影响,采用第一性原理计算程序包VASP软件计算并分析了Al取代K对KDP晶体的晶体结构、电子能态密度和光学性质,并同理想KDP晶体进行对比研究.结果表明,KDP晶体中Al取代K的缺陷形成能为0.974 eV,并且Al替位K点缺陷引起的晶格畸变非常微弱,缺陷比较容易形成. Al取代K后晶体能带中价带顶附近的态密度发生了变化,并且带隙中存在缺陷能级,取代后KDP晶体的带隙宽度减小为4.37 eV,缺陷增加了KDP晶体对可见到紫外波段的光子吸收,影响KDP晶体光学质量及其激光损伤性能.计算力学性质发现,Al替位掺杂KDP晶体比理想KDP晶体的杨氏模量增加了,这会减弱晶体抗激光损伤能力.     

不同价态稀土元素Eu掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构及光学性质

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理的平面波超软赝势法对锐钛矿TiO2晶体和Eu3+,Eu2分别掺杂的锐钛矿TiO2晶体的晶格参数、能带结构、态密度、差分电荷密度以及吸收光谱进行了计算.结果表明:不同价态Eu掺杂后锐钛矿TiO2晶胞膨胀,晶格都发生畸变;同时引入了杂质能级,减小了锐钛矿相TiO2的禁带宽度,TiO2的光吸收带边发生明显红移,在紫外区和可见光区的吸收系数增大.     

La3Ga5SiO14晶体电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理平面波赝势法对La3Ga5SiO14晶体基态的几何参量、能带结构、态密度和光学性质进行了系统的研究.优化了La3Ga5SiO14晶体中原子的内部坐标,利用精确计算的能带结构、态密度和电荷密度等值线分析了晶体的吸收谱、介电函数、折射率,计算结果与实验符合较好,为La3Ga5SiO14晶体材料的分子设计与应用提供了理论依据.     

掺铌钨酸铅晶体缺陷的理论研究

采用基于相对论性密度泛函理论的离散变分和嵌入团簇方法计算了PbWO4∶Nb晶体中Nb缺陷态的态密度分布和能量,并运用过渡态方法计算了其激发能.通过计算掺Nb缺陷态电子态密度分布,发现与VO相关的F+心是晶体掺Nb的主要补偿机制.(NbO3+F+)2-缺陷在掺铌钨酸铅晶体各相关缺陷形式中存在所需能量最低.计算结果表明VO有关的F+的存在是有效消除晶体中350nm吸收的主要原因.而F+→W5d轨道的跃迁能量为2.8eV,对应晶体中420nm吸收.     

WO3（001）极性表面及氢吸附特性的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对WO3 (001)的极性表面及其氢吸附特性进行了理论计算.通过对比WO表面和纯氧表面的表面化学势研究了两个极性表面的热力学稳定性,并分别计算了表面的几何结构和电子结构.结果表明:在贫氧环境中WO表面比较稳定,而在富氧环境中纯氧表面更稳定,WO表面和纯氧表面分别呈现n型半导体和p型半导体特性,表面原子通过调整W-O键长和键角实现表面弛豫.氢原子在两个极性表面不同吸附位置的计算表明:对WO表面和纯氧表面,W5c位和O1c位分别是稳定的吸附位置,且两者具有不同的反应特性.     

AlN的MOCVD生长中表面吸附的量子化学研究

利用量子化学的密度泛函理论(DFT),对AlN的MOCVD生长中表面反应前体MMAl、DMAlNH2分别在理想、NH2覆盖AlN (0001)-Al面的吸附进行研究.通过分析表面吸附位、吸附能、分波态密度图等,确定可能的稳定吸附结构和吸附倾向.研究发现:在理想和NH2覆盖的AlN(0001)-Al面,MMAl吸附在T4位和H3位,吸附概率相近,MMAl与表面形成3个Al-Al8键(理想AlN表面)或3个Al-N8键(NH2覆盖的AlN表面).在理想AlN表面,DMAlNH2吸附在Top-Top位,与表面形成N-Al8键和Al-Al8键;在NH2覆盖的AlN表面,DMAlNH2吸附在Top位,与表面形成Al-N8键.对比两种粒子在理想和NH2覆盖表面的吸附能,发现在理想表面DMAlNH2的吸附能大于MMAl,即DMAlNH2优先吸附;在NH2覆盖表面,MMAl的吸附能明显大于DMAlNH2,即MMAl优先吸附.     

钙钛矿型氧化物BaBO3-δ （B=Fe、Co、Nb）电子结构和氧空位形成能的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论,分别对钙钛矿型氧化物BaFeO3、BaCoO3和BaNbO3的电子结构和氧空位形成能进行了理论模拟,经优化后得到的晶胞参数与实验文献值吻合良好。通过比较密度泛函理论计算得到的晶格能和氧空位形成能,发现体系稳定性表现为BaCoO3相似文献   

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Crystal and molecular structures of benz-p-nitroanilide and benz-p-methoxyanilide

The crystal structures of the two carboxylic amides C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₃ (I) and C₁₄H₁₃NO₂ (II) have been determined by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The predominant structural feature is the hydrogen bonding (N-H?O=C) which influences the conformations of both structures.     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Biocrystallization in Bacterial and Fungal Cells and Spores

A series of X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for the first time to study stress-induced biocrystallization (structural response to stress) in the bacteria E. coli, the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, and in cells and spores of the mycelial fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana. High-intensity areas with spacings of 90 and 44 Å are indicative of a periodically ordered arrangement (most likely nanocrystalline) of the bacterial nucleoid. For the starved bacteria Bacillus cereus, a peak at a spacing of 45 Å is also assigned to nanocrystalline complexes of DNA with the Dps protein. The spores of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana VKM F-582, as well as the spores of Bacillus cereus, form ordered arrays of DNA molecules with DNA-condensing acid-soluble proteins SASPs. Starved dehydrated mycelial cells of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana form ordered structures with spacings from 27 to 55 Å. A series of peaks reflect the formation of a number of ordered protein arrays, apparently with DNA, with continuously varying characteristic interplanar spacings.     

Preparation and characterization of PbSe nanopowder and quasi-ceramics

By means of the reduction of Pb(II) and Se(IV) with hydrazine, oval monodispersed PbSe nanoparticles characterized by sizes ～100 nm and the cubic symmetry were obtained. Their compaction and sintering into quasi-ceramic state were performed. The samples were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained are discussed.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.     

Melting and short-range order in liquids and glasses

A theory is proposed to explain two-dimensional melting based on the gauge-invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous breaking (Higgs mechanism) or the SU(2) gauge field to U(1) symmetry. The first-order phase transition in two-dimensional melting may be strongly related to the asymptotic freedom-like interaction of the SU(2) gauge field in the case when the distance between each excited disk is shorter than a critical length, 2/ boxv;mboxv, near the melting temperature.     

Broken Symmetries and Hydrodynamics of Hexatic B and Snectic F and I Liquid Crystal Phases

The nature of the spontaneously broken symmetries in hexatic B and smectic F and I phases is investigated and the hydrodynamics of the associated degrees of freedom is discussed.