硫酸镁与氨水水热反应合成碱式硫酸镁晶须

以MgSO4·7H2O和氨水为原料进行MgSO4·5Mg(OH)2·3H2O晶须(MOS)制备的实验.研究了水热反应温度、时间、镁离子浓度及原料配比对水热反应后液相及固相组成和MOS形貌结构的影响.结果表明,合成MOS的最优条件为反应温度190℃,反应时间5h,镁离子浓度3 mol/L,n(七水硫酸镁)∶n(氨水)比例为0.6∶1.合成MOS的母液能够实现循环利用,所得产品为形貌结构完整的MOS晶须.     

微孔氟化磷酸镓Ga3P3O12F·0.5(1,8-C8H22N2)的水热自组装与晶体结构

采用水热合成法制备了一个三维微孔氟化磷酸镓Ga3P3O12F·0.5(1,8-C8H22N2)(简称Hit-6).反应起始原料摩尔配比为∶GaOOH∶H3PO4∶HF∶1,8-辛二胺∶H2O=1∶2∶1∶1∶555.Hit-6的骨架是由Ga3P3六聚体结构单元通过共顶点联接构成三维纳米孔结构,在[101]方向呈现8-元环孔道.     

熔盐法制备CuFeMnO4光吸热材料的研究

以KOH、KNO3为熔盐,Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、50wt; Mn(NO3)2为原料,研究了金属离子配比及合成温度对熔盐法制备CuFeMnO4粉体的影响,采用XRD和FESEM进行物相及微观形貌的测试分析,利用自行设计测试装置对CuFeMnO4涂层的吸热性能进行评价.研究结果表明,CuFeMnO4粉体主晶相为尖晶石型,当金属离子配比为Fe3+∶ Cu2+∶ Mn2+=1∶0.5∶1时,可有效地抑制杂相的生成;合成温度为700℃时,晶体成核均匀,晶粒尺寸较小.该粉体制成涂料涂覆在铝板上,可使铝板的吸热温度提高22℃,增强了吸热效果.     

KOH碱熔活化钾长石制取全钾W型分子筛

本文提出了KOH碱熔活化钾长石制备全钾W型分子筛的工艺.考察了KOH碱熔活化碱矿比、老化温度与时间、晶化温度与时间及反应体系组成等因素对合成W型分子筛形貌和结构的影响,结果表明W型分子筛在较宽范围的条件下可以合成,其中适宜的条件为:KOH与钾长石的碱矿比为2∶1,活化物料按K2O∶SiO2∶Al2O3∶H2O摩尔比15∶ 10∶1∶570来调整配比,25℃下老化2.5h,150℃下晶化24h.W分子筛合成后的母液一部分可在W分子筛制备中循环利用,另一部分可副产K2CO3和白炭黑,实现了原料的综合利用.     

地聚物凝胶转换法制备大尺寸方沸石晶体

本研究采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了成分可控、高纯和高活性的Al2 O3-SiO2粉体.以工业级水玻璃为碱激发剂,将二者按照方沸石理论配比(Na∶ Al∶ Si=1∶1∶2)混合后制备得到Na2 O-Al2O3-4SiO2-8H2O地质聚合物凝胶体;将地质聚合物凝胶体在70℃烘箱中养护一定时间后脱模;研究采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和BET等对产物进行了表征,无模板剂的条件下利用240℃水热反应制备了50～ 1200μm不同粒径的方沸石晶体,并初步探讨了大尺寸方沸石晶体的形成机理.     

新型激光上转换晶体Ba2ErCl7的原料合成和晶体生长

本文报道了用Er2O3,BaCl2.2H2O和NH4Cl直接合成新型激光上转换晶体Ba2ErCl7的原料和单晶生长方法.差热分析(DTA)测得其熔点为643.7℃.能谱分析(EDS)结果显示Ba∶Er＝2∶1,扫描电镜(SEM)显示出晶体的结晶习性.分别用Czochralski和Bridgman方法得到厘米级单晶.晶体在808nm LD激光下产生强上转换绿色激光,阈值低.文中还讨论了合成反应的机理和晶体产生开裂的原因.     

生长溶液配比对MnTeMoO6晶体形态的影响

采用顶部籽晶溶液法生长Mn Te Mo O6晶体,研究了在不同配比生长溶液中Mn Te Mo O6晶体的实际生长形态,模拟计算了Mn Te Mo O6晶体的理想生长形态,探讨了生长溶液配比对晶体形态的影响,选择的3种生长溶液中Mn Te Mo O6∶Te O2∶Mo O3摩尔比分别为1∶2∶2、1∶3∶2和1∶3∶3。结果表明,在3种配比的生长溶液中Mn Te Mo O6晶体的(110)面具有最大的面网密度和最小的生长速率;生长溶液中Te O2和Mo O3的含量和比例影响了晶体在不同方向的生长速率,从而影响到Mn Te Mo O6晶体的实际生长形态。     

三水碳酸镁合成与形貌演变过程研究

设计正交实验,以MgCl2·6H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,采用低温水热法合成三水碳酸镁晶须.通过改变实验条件,实现了对三水碳酸镁晶须形貌的调控.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物结构和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:反应温度40～ 50℃、n(Mg2+)∶n(HCO3-)=1∶2.2、pH =8.8 ～9.0、搅拌速度130 r/min、陈化时间3h、反应时间70 min,制备出的MgCO3·3H2O晶须呈一维针状,沉降性能好,长径比可达29.60.最优实验条件同样适用于卤水资源体系.     

反应温度和添加剂含量对微波合成碳化硼微观形貌的影响

微波烧结由于具有高效、快速、绿色等特点越来越受到人们的关注.本文以天然煤粉(C)和硼酸(H3BO3)为原料,在无气氛保护条件下,利用2.45 GHz的TE666单频微波烧结炉,快速碳热还原反应法制备出纳米碳化硼(B4C)粉体.结果发现:当煤粉(C)和硼酸(H3BO3)质量比为3∶1,微波烧结温度为1400~1800 ℃,保温时间为5 min,即可制备出结晶良好的碳化硼(B4C)晶体,调整相关工艺参数可以控制B4C晶体的形貌,如直径为50~150 nm的球形颗粒或碳化硼片状结构,通过改变Na2CO3添加剂含量(3wt;~9wt;),可得到不同尺寸的碳化硼纳米片(边长为200~800 nm),获得传统电阻烧结条件下无法得到的碳化硼(B4C)晶体.     

水热法生长立方MgO微晶研究

以尿素与Mg(NO3)2·6H2O在不同的反应温度和不同物质的量配比条件下,制备出前驱体Mg5(OH)2(CO3)4·4H2O/MgCO3,经煅烧得到立方MgO微晶粉末.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制得产物的晶相和形貌进行了表征.结果表明:当尿素和Mg(NO3)2·6H2O物质的量的比为2∶1时,在160℃的水热反应条件下,制备出立方MgO前驱体微晶,在1000℃煅烧2h后能够获得晶型完整、形貌规则、粒径约为5μm的MgO立方微晶.     

CsI-LiCl共晶材料的坩埚下降法生长与闪烁性能研究

本文采用坩埚下降法,在真空密封的石英坩埚中成功生长出CsI-LiCl与CsI-LiCl:Na共晶闪烁体。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察晶体微结构表明该共晶中LiCl相与CsI相存在周期性的层状排列,CsI相的厚度在5 μm左右。共晶样品的X射线激发发射谱显示在CsI-LiCl和CsI-LiCl:Na共晶样品存在缺陷发光,在CsI-LiCl样品中还观察到了纯CsI的自陷激子(STE)发光。CsI-LiCl样品在α粒子激发下的多道能谱中观察到明显的全能峰,这一结果证明CsI-LiCl共晶可用于热中子探测的潜力。     

静电纺丝法制备CeO2微纳米纤维及其除氟性能

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为载体,六水合硝酸铈[Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O]为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了Ce(NO₃)₃/PAN纤维,在空气中热处理得到CeO₂微纳米纤维,通过XRD、BET和SEM对CeO₂微纳米纤维进行表征。采用静态吸附实验探讨了CeO₂微纳米纤维去除水溶液中氟离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值、初始氟离子浓度及共存阴离子等对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH=3时,CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附性能最佳,CeO₂吸附量随着F^-浓度的增大呈上升趋势。CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附等温线遵循Langmuir模型,二级动力学模型能很好地描述CeO₂微纳米纤维对F^-的吸附过程。CeO₂微纳米纤维的除氟性能优良,可为其实际应用提供理论参考。     

X-ray analysis of sideroxol from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sideritis leptoclada</Emphasis>

Sideroxol (1), a kaurane diterpene which has the ent-7α,18-dihydroxy-15β,16β-epoxykaurane structure (MW = 320.47, C₂₀H₃₂O₃) was obtained from the acetone extract of Sideritis leptoclada plant as well as from some other Sideritis species. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁, 2₁, 2₁ with a = 10.967(3), b = 24.555(5), c = 6.372(4) Å, Dc = 1.240 g cm⁻³, Z = 4, and refines to R = 0.065 for 721 independent reflections. The skeleton consists of three fused six-membered rings and a five-membered ring with fused epoxide. The six membered rings exhibited slightly distorted chair conformation. In addition to sideroxol, two kaurane and five kaurene diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and acetone extracts of the studied plant.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of Mg- and Si-doped GaN thin films grown by MOCVD technique

We have studied the optical, structural and surface morphology of doped and undoped GaN thin films. The p- and n-type thin films have been successfully prepared by low-pressure MOCVD technique by doping with Mg and Si, respectively. The different carrier concentrations were obtained in the GaN thin films by varying dopant concentrations. Photoluminescence (PL) studies were carried to find the defect levels in the doped and undoped GaN thin films at low temperature. In the undoped GaN thin films, a low intensity and broad yellow band peak was observed. The donor–acceptor pair (DAP) emission and its phonon replicas were observed in both the Si or Mg lightly doped GaN thin films. The dominance of the blue and the yellow emissions increased in the PL spectra, as the carrier concentration was increased. The XRD and SEM analyses were employed to study the structural and surface morphology of the films, respectively. Both the doped and the undoped films exhibited hexagonal structure and polycrystalline nature. Mg-doped GaN thin films showed columnar structure whereas Si-doped films exhibited spherical shape grains.     

New zeotype borophosphates with chiral tetrahedral topology: (H)0.5M1.25(H2O)1.5[BP2O8]·H2O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II))

Two new isostructural open‐framework zeotype transition metal borophosphate compounds, (H)_0.5M_1.25(H₂O)_1.5[BP₂O₈]·H₂O (M = Co(II) and Mn(II)) were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method. The structure of compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which have ordered, alternating, vertex‐sharing BO₄, PO₄, and (MO₄)OM(H₂O)₂ groups with hexagonal, P 6₁ 2 2 (No 178) space group and unit cell parameters for Co a = 9.4960(6) Å, c = 15.6230(13) Å, for Mn a = 9.6547(12) Å, c = 15.791(3) Å, Z = 1 for both of them. TGA/DTA analysis, IR spectroscopy were used for characterization. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for both of the compound indicate strong antiferromagnetic interaction between metal centers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Solubility of Ag2O into the Na2O–B2O3–Al2O3 system

The solubility of Ag₂O was measured for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ and Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ system with the rotating crucible method and static method, respectively, under air atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 1273 to 1423 K. The contamination of melts from crucibles could be avoided by the rotating crucible method, with which it became possible to measure the solubility of Ag₂O for the Na₂O–B₂O₃ system above the melting point of Ag for the first time. It was found that the addition of Na₂O decreases the solubility of Ag₂O while the addition of Al₂O₃ had little effect on the solubility. The effect of Na₂O and Al₂O₃ on the solubility of Ag₂O is expressed by interaction coefficients and is analyzed in terms of the basicity of melts. The solubility of Ag₂O in Na₂O–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃ melts increased with increased temperature. This phenomena was explained by a small enthalpy change in oxidation of silver.     

Selinidin: Crystal structure generated by C–H···O, C–H···π and π-π interactions

The title compound, 9,10-dihydro-8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-9-yl-2-methyl-2-butenoate, C₁₉H₂₀O₅, was isolated from the roots of Selinum vaginatum. The compound crystallizes into monoclinic space group P2 ₁ with unit cell parameters: a = 12.830(2) Å, b = 9.041(1) Å, c = 14.983(1) Å, β = 95.09(1)°, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined using direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R value of 0.0529 for 3142 observed reflections. There are two independent molecules, A and B, per asymmetric unit. In both the molecules, the coumarin nucleus is planar. However pronounced differences are observed in the conformation of dihydropyran ring which has a half-chair conformation with an 8β-9α orientation in molecule A and is intermediate between half-chair and sofa in molecule B. Differences also occur in the conformation of the 2-methylbutenoyloxy side chain at C9 due to the different geometry of C–H···π interactions in molecules A and B. Molecules A and B are connected by π–π interactions between their coumarin fragments forming dimers. The dimers interact through C–H···O and C–H···πhydrogen bonds.     

Chromene and Imidazole Based D-π-A Chemosensor Preparation and Its Anion Responsive Effects

We have designed and synthesized the colorimetric chemosensor through the reactions of 2-(4H-chromen-4-yildene)malonitrile and 4-imidazolecarboxaldehyde. Due to its well conjugated D-π-A system and the existence of NH- fragment in structure, we expected that the chemosensor can detect anion using NH- fragment in the imidazole moiety of the structure. In this regard, UV-Vis absorption spectra were measured to investigate sensing properties of the probe toward different anions in DMSO. This chemosensor can detect both fluoride and cyanide ion with absorption change in intensity. In addition, pH sensing property was also investigated upon the addition of hydroxide ion. These properties are related to the deprotonation effect. The ICT system in this molecule was also observed by the computational approach using Material Studio 4.3 package.     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.     

Considerations on the structure and physical properties of B2O3-SiO2 and GeO2-SiO2 glasses

Data of density, refractive index and thermal expansion coefficient for B₂O₃-SiO₂ and GeO_2-SiO₂ glasses have been analyzed. The volumes of the structural units are the same found for the vitreous B₂O₃, GeO₂ and SiO₂. The volume of any structural unit is constant over the entire composition region of the glass system. The same has been found for the differential refraction and unit refraction of the structural units in these glasses. Different features are observed for the differential expansion of the structural units. There is a considerable change with composition in the differential expansion of BO₃, GeO₄ and SiO₄ units. The effect is attributed to a change in the asymmetry of vibrations with the number of Si-O-B or Si-O-Ge linkages in the matrix. The thermal expansion coefficient is mainly determined by the contribution of B₂O₃ or GeO₂ in the concerned glasses.